塔里木盆地中央隆起带断裂系统分析
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摘要
本文以地震剖面解释为基础,深入分析塔里木盆地中央隆起带主要断裂带的构造样式和变形特征,确定不同时期断裂系统的分布规律,并试图建立中央隆起带断裂系统发育与周缘造山带演化之间的联系,进而阐明其发育的动力学背景。论文提出了塔里木盆地中央隆起带断裂构造变形样式分类体系;在巴楚隆起的南部边缘,识别出两套区域性的盖层滑脱构造系统,其中浅层色力布亚-玛扎塔格滑脱冲断层逆冲到巴楚南部边缘之上,并构成了现今塔西南前陆冲断系的锋缘断裂;发现了分布在塘古巴斯坳陷的中东部和塔中隆起东部的、规模巨大的、向北西方向凸出的弧形逆冲断裂系统。该弧形逆冲断裂系统的东南部以车尔臣断裂为界,主要形成于晚奥陶世末期,锋缘断裂以盖层滑脱逆冲为特征,与早奥陶世末期发育的、呈NW向展布的塔中Ⅰ号断裂带、塔中10号断裂带、塔中2号断裂带和塔中22号断裂带等构成的基底卷入式逆冲断裂形成明显的交切关系;论文将周缘造山带的重大构造运动事件与塔里木盆地内部不同时期发育的断裂系统相对比,在塔里木盆地内划分出分别与西昆仑造山带、阿尔金造山带和南天山造山带相关的三套断裂系统。
Based on interpretation of seismic profiles,the structural styles,distribution and deformation characteristics of main fault systems in different periods in the Central uplift of Tarim Basin have been analysed in details.Our research will help for establishing links between development of Central uplift belt fault systems and peripheral orogenic belt evolution,and clarifing the dynamic background of the fault systems development.Moreover,a new classification of fault deformation style in the Central uplift of Tarim Basin is presented in this paper.Two sets of regional decollement structures are identified in the southern flank of Bachu uplift,in which the shallow Serikbuya-Mazhatage decollement fault system,the leading fault of the present southwestern Tarim foreland thrust system,thrusted onto the southern flank of Bachu uplift.We found a set of huge arc-shaped foreland thrust fault system protruding northwestward in the middle-east of Tanggubas depression and the east of Tazhong uplift.The thrust fault system is bounded by Che'erchen fault in the southeastern Tarim Basin and mainly occurred in the end of Late Ordovician.The leading faults of the thrust fault system are characterized by cover-bed decollement and thrusting,and cut northwest trending faults,such as TazhongⅠfault belt,Tazhong 10 fault belt,Tazhong 2 fault belt and Tazhong 22 fault belt which were formed in the Late Early Ordovician and are featured by basement-involved style.Integrated with the significant tectonic events adjacent orogenic belts,these fault systems in Tarim Basin can be classified into three sets with respect to the West Kunlun orogenic belt,South Tianshan orogenic belt and Altyn orogenic belt respectively.
Based on interpretation of seismic profiles,the structural styles,distribution and deformation characteristics of main fault systems in different periods in the Central uplift of Tarim Basin have been analysed in details.Our research will help for establishing links between development of Central uplift belt fault systems and peripheral orogenic belt evolution,and clarifing the dynamic background of the fault systems development.Moreover,a new classification of fault deformation style in the Central uplift of Tarim Basin is presented in this paper.Two sets of regional decollement structures are identified in the southern flank of Bachu uplift,in which the shallow Serikbuya-Mazhatage decollement fault system,the leading fault of the present southwestern Tarim foreland thrust system,thrusted onto the southern flank of Bachu uplift.We found a set of huge arc-shaped foreland thrust fault system protruding northwestward in the middle-east of Tanggubas depression and the east of Tazhong uplift.The thrust fault system is bounded by Che'erchen fault in the southeastern Tarim Basin and mainly occurred in the end of Late Ordovician.The leading faults of the thrust fault system are characterized by cover-bed decollement and thrusting,and cut northwest trending faults,such as TazhongⅠfault belt,Tazhong 10 fault belt,Tazhong 2 fault belt and Tazhong 22 fault belt which were formed in the Late Early Ordovician and are featured by basement-involved style.Integrated with the significant tectonic events adjacent orogenic belts,these fault systems in Tarim Basin can be classified into three sets with respect to the West Kunlun orogenic belt,South Tianshan orogenic belt and Altyn orogenic belt respectively.
引文
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Braitenberg C,Wang Y,Fang J and Hsu HT.2003.Spatial variations offlexure parameters over the Tibet-Quinghai Plateau.Earth andPlanetary Science Letters,205:211-224
Buslov MM,Fujiwara Y,Iwata K and Semakov NN.2004.LatePaleozoic-Early Mesozoic Geodynamics of Central Asia.GondwanaResearch,7(3):791-808
Carroll AR,Graham SA,Hendrix MS,Ying D and Zhou D.1995.LatePaleozoic tectonic amalgamation of northwestern China:Sedimentaryrecord of the northern Tarim,northwestern Turpan and southernJunggar basins.Geological Society of Americal Bulletin,107(5):571-594
Carroll AR,Graham SA,Chang EZ and Mcknight C.2001.Sinianthrough Permian tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the northwesternTarim basin,China.Geological Society of America,194:47-69
Chen HL,Luo JC,Guo QY,Liao L,Xiao ZY,Cheng XG,Yang SF andWang BQ.2009.Deformation history and tectonic evolution ofsoutheastern Tarim Basin in Mesozoic and Cenozoic.Geotectonica EtMetallogenia,33(1):38-45(in Chinese with English abstract)
Clark MK and Royden LH.2000.Topographic ooze:Building the easternmargin of Tibet by lower crustal flow.Geology,28(8):703-706
Coleman RG.1989.Continental growth of Northwest China.Tectonics,8(3):621-635
Ding WL,Lin CS,Qi LX,Huang TZ and Yu TX.2008.Structuralframework and evolution of Bachu uplift in Tarim basin.EarthScience Frontiers,15(2):242-252(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
He DF,Dong DZ,Lv XX and Cao SL.1996.Craton Basin Analysis.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press(in Chinese)
He DF,Zhou XY,Zhang CJ,Yang WJ and Shi X.2006.Characteristicsof geologic framework of multicycle superimposed basin in Tarim basin.China Petroleum Exploration,11(1):31-41(in Chinesewith English abstract)
He ZL,Xu HJ and Duan TJ.2005.A prelimimary analysis on compoundstructural styles in the Tarim polycyclic basin.Chinese Journal ofGeology,40(2):153-166(in Chinese with English abstract)
Heermance RV,Chen J,Burbank DW and Wang CS.2007.Chronologyand tectonic controls of Late Tertiary deposition in the southwesternTian Shan foreland,NW China.Basin Research,19(4):599-632
Jia CZ,Wei GQ,Yao HJ and Li LC.1995.Tectonic Evolution andRegional Structural Geology.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press(inChinese)
Jia CZ.1997.Structural Characteristics and Oil&Gas in Tarim Basin.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,156-165(in Chinese)
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Kang YZ and Wang ZX.2009.Research on Oil-controlling of TectonicSystems in Tarim Basin.Beijing:China Land Press(in Chinese)
Li BL,Guan SW,Li CX,Wu GH,Yang HJ,Han JF,Luo CS and MiaoJJ.2009.Paleo-tectonic evolution and deformation features of theLower Uplift in the Central Tarim Basin.Geological Review,55(4):521-530(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li YJ,Wu GY,Meng QL,Yang HJ,Han JF,Li XS and Dong LS.2008.Fault systems in central area of the Tarim Basin:Geometry,kinematics and dynamic settings.Chinese Journal of Geology,43(1):82-118(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lin CS,Yang HJ,Liu JY,Cai ZZ,Peng L,Yang XF and Yang YH.2008.Paleohigh geomorphology and paleogeographic framework andtheir controls on the formation and distribution of stratigraphic trapsin the Tarim Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,29(2):189-197(inChinese with English abstract)
Metelkin DV,Vernikovsky VA,Kazansky AY and Wingate MTD.2010.Late Mesozoic tectonics of Central Asia based on paleomagneticevidence.Gondwana Research,18(2):400-419
Scharer KM,Burbank DW,Chen J,Weldon RJ,Rubin C,Zhao R andShen J.2004.Detachment folding in the Southwestern Tian Shan-Tarim foreland,China:Shortening estimates and rates.Journal ofStructural Geology,16(11):2119-2137
Shen J,Wu CY,Li J,Xiang ZY,Chen JB,Xie T,Song ZN and WangC.2006.The basic features of the active tectonics in the Kuqadepression of the southern Tianshan.Seismology and Geology,28(2):269-278(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sun LD,Zhou XY and Wang GL.2005.Contributions of petroleumgeology and main directions of oil-gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,40(2):167-178(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Sun LD,Li YJ,Wang TW and Yang HJ.2007.The Central Tarim LowerUplift:A composite hydrocarbon accumulation play in the TarimBasin,NW China.Chinese Journal of Geology,42(3):602-620(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tang LJ.1994.Evolution and tectonic patterns of Tarim Basin.EarthScience,19(6):742-754(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tang LJ.1996.Evolution and Tectonic Patterns of Tarim Basin.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,41-121(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Tang LJ,Jia CZ,Jin ZJ and Ma ZJ.2003.The main tectoniccharacteristics of superimposed basins,Northwest China.EarthScience Frontiers,10(Suppl.1):118-124(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Tang LJ,Yu YX,Yang WJ,Peng GX,Lei GL and Ma YJ.2007.Paleo-uplifts and salt structures and their influence on hydrocarbonaccumulations in the Kuqa Depression.Acta Geologica Sinica,81(2):145-150(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tong XG,Liang DG and Jia CZ.1996.New Progress of PetroleumGeology Analysis in Tarim Basin.Beijing:Science Press(inChinese)
Wang X,Jia CZ and Yang SF.2002.Geometry and kinematics of theKuqa fold and thrust belt in the southern Tianshan.ScientiaGeologica Sinica,37(3):372-384(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Wang X,Tang PC,Xie HW,Lei GL and Huang SY.2009.Cenozoicsalt structures and evolution in the western Kuqa depression,TarimBasin,China.Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,33(1):57-65(inChinese with English abstract)
Windley BF,Alexeiev D,Xiao WJ,Krner A and Badarch G.2007.Tectonic models for accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.Journal of Geological Society,London,164(1):31-47
Xiao AC,Yang SF,Li YJ,Wang QH,Chen HL and Cheng XG.2005.Main period for creation of fracture system in the Bachu Uplift,TarimBasin.Chinese Journal of Geology,40(2):291-302(in Chinesewith English abstract)
Yang SF,Chen LF,Xiao ZY,Luo JC,Chen HL,Wang BQ,Cheng XGand Liao L.2009.The Cenozoic fault system of southeastern TarimBasin.Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,33(1):33-37(in Chinesewith English abstract)
Zhao JM,Mooney W,Zhang XK,Li ZC,Jin ZJ and Okaya N.2006.Crustal structure across the Altyn Tagh Range at the northern marginof the Tibetan Plateau and tectonic implications.Earth and PlanetaryScience Letters,241(31):804-814
Zhao ZJ,Zhou XY and Fan GZ.2006.Dominant forming stages ofstructural traps in Tazhong area,Tarim basin:Distribution andimplication for hydrocarbon accumulation.Marine Origin PetroleumGeology,11(2):1-8(in Chinese with English abstract)
陈汉林,罗俊成,郭群英,廖林,肖中尧,程晓敢,杨树锋,王步青.2009.塔里木盆地东南缘中新生代变形史与构造演化.大地构造与成矿学,33(1):38-45
丁文龙,林畅松,漆立新,黄太柱,余腾孝.2008.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起构造格架及形成演化.地学前缘,15(2):242-252
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Braitenberg C,Wang Y,Fang J and Hsu HT.2003.Spatial variations offlexure parameters over the Tibet-Quinghai Plateau.Earth andPlanetary Science Letters,205:211-224
Buslov MM,Fujiwara Y,Iwata K and Semakov NN.2004.LatePaleozoic-Early Mesozoic Geodynamics of Central Asia.GondwanaResearch,7(3):791-808
Carroll AR,Graham SA,Hendrix MS,Ying D and Zhou D.1995.LatePaleozoic tectonic amalgamation of northwestern China:Sedimentaryrecord of the northern Tarim,northwestern Turpan and southernJunggar basins.Geological Society of Americal Bulletin,107(5):571-594
Carroll AR,Graham SA,Chang EZ and Mcknight C.2001.Sinianthrough Permian tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the northwesternTarim basin,China.Geological Society of America,194:47-69
Chen HL,Luo JC,Guo QY,Liao L,Xiao ZY,Cheng XG,Yang SF andWang BQ.2009.Deformation history and tectonic evolution ofsoutheastern Tarim Basin in Mesozoic and Cenozoic.Geotectonica EtMetallogenia,33(1):38-45(in Chinese with English abstract)
Clark MK and Royden LH.2000.Topographic ooze:Building the easternmargin of Tibet by lower crustal flow.Geology,28(8):703-706
Coleman RG.1989.Continental growth of Northwest China.Tectonics,8(3):621-635
Ding WL,Lin CS,Qi LX,Huang TZ and Yu TX.2008.Structuralframework and evolution of Bachu uplift in Tarim basin.EarthScience Frontiers,15(2):242-252(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
He DF,Dong DZ,Lv XX and Cao SL.1996.Craton Basin Analysis.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press(in Chinese)
He DF,Zhou XY,Zhang CJ,Yang WJ and Shi X.2006.Characteristicsof geologic framework of multicycle superimposed basin in Tarim basin.China Petroleum Exploration,11(1):31-41(in Chinesewith English abstract)
He ZL,Xu HJ and Duan TJ.2005.A prelimimary analysis on compoundstructural styles in the Tarim polycyclic basin.Chinese Journal ofGeology,40(2):153-166(in Chinese with English abstract)
Heermance RV,Chen J,Burbank DW and Wang CS.2007.Chronologyand tectonic controls of Late Tertiary deposition in the southwesternTian Shan foreland,NW China.Basin Research,19(4):599-632
Jia CZ,Wei GQ,Yao HJ and Li LC.1995.Tectonic Evolution andRegional Structural Geology.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press(inChinese)
Jia CZ.1997.Structural Characteristics and Oil&Gas in Tarim Basin.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,156-165(in Chinese)
Jia D,Lu H and Cai D.1998.Structural freatures of northern TarimBasin:Implication for regional tectonic and petroleum traps.AAPGBull.,82(1):147-159
Kang YZ and Wang ZX.2009.Research on Oil-controlling of TectonicSystems in Tarim Basin.Beijing:China Land Press(in Chinese)
Li BL,Guan SW,Li CX,Wu GH,Yang HJ,Han JF,Luo CS and MiaoJJ.2009.Paleo-tectonic evolution and deformation features of theLower Uplift in the Central Tarim Basin.Geological Review,55(4):521-530(in Chinese with English abstract)
Li YJ,Wu GY,Meng QL,Yang HJ,Han JF,Li XS and Dong LS.2008.Fault systems in central area of the Tarim Basin:Geometry,kinematics and dynamic settings.Chinese Journal of Geology,43(1):82-118(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lin CS,Yang HJ,Liu JY,Cai ZZ,Peng L,Yang XF and Yang YH.2008.Paleohigh geomorphology and paleogeographic framework andtheir controls on the formation and distribution of stratigraphic trapsin the Tarim Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,29(2):189-197(inChinese with English abstract)
Metelkin DV,Vernikovsky VA,Kazansky AY and Wingate MTD.2010.Late Mesozoic tectonics of Central Asia based on paleomagneticevidence.Gondwana Research,18(2):400-419
Scharer KM,Burbank DW,Chen J,Weldon RJ,Rubin C,Zhao R andShen J.2004.Detachment folding in the Southwestern Tian Shan-Tarim foreland,China:Shortening estimates and rates.Journal ofStructural Geology,16(11):2119-2137
Shen J,Wu CY,Li J,Xiang ZY,Chen JB,Xie T,Song ZN and WangC.2006.The basic features of the active tectonics in the Kuqadepression of the southern Tianshan.Seismology and Geology,28(2):269-278(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sun LD,Zhou XY and Wang GL.2005.Contributions of petroleumgeology and main directions of oil-gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,40(2):167-178(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Sun LD,Li YJ,Wang TW and Yang HJ.2007.The Central Tarim LowerUplift:A composite hydrocarbon accumulation play in the TarimBasin,NW China.Chinese Journal of Geology,42(3):602-620(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tang LJ.1994.Evolution and tectonic patterns of Tarim Basin.EarthScience,19(6):742-754(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tang LJ.1996.Evolution and Tectonic Patterns of Tarim Basin.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,41-121(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Tang LJ,Jia CZ,Jin ZJ and Ma ZJ.2003.The main tectoniccharacteristics of superimposed basins,Northwest China.EarthScience Frontiers,10(Suppl.1):118-124(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Tang LJ,Yu YX,Yang WJ,Peng GX,Lei GL and Ma YJ.2007.Paleo-uplifts and salt structures and their influence on hydrocarbonaccumulations in the Kuqa Depression.Acta Geologica Sinica,81(2):145-150(in Chinese with English abstract)
Tong XG,Liang DG and Jia CZ.1996.New Progress of PetroleumGeology Analysis in Tarim Basin.Beijing:Science Press(inChinese)
Wang X,Jia CZ and Yang SF.2002.Geometry and kinematics of theKuqa fold and thrust belt in the southern Tianshan.ScientiaGeologica Sinica,37(3):372-384(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Wang X,Tang PC,Xie HW,Lei GL and Huang SY.2009.Cenozoicsalt structures and evolution in the western Kuqa depression,TarimBasin,China.Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,33(1):57-65(inChinese with English abstract)
Windley BF,Alexeiev D,Xiao WJ,Krner A and Badarch G.2007.Tectonic models for accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.Journal of Geological Society,London,164(1):31-47
Xiao AC,Yang SF,Li YJ,Wang QH,Chen HL and Cheng XG.2005.Main period for creation of fracture system in the Bachu Uplift,TarimBasin.Chinese Journal of Geology,40(2):291-302(in Chinesewith English abstract)
Yang SF,Chen LF,Xiao ZY,Luo JC,Chen HL,Wang BQ,Cheng XGand Liao L.2009.The Cenozoic fault system of southeastern TarimBasin.Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,33(1):33-37(in Chinesewith English abstract)
Zhao JM,Mooney W,Zhang XK,Li ZC,Jin ZJ and Okaya N.2006.Crustal structure across the Altyn Tagh Range at the northern marginof the Tibetan Plateau and tectonic implications.Earth and PlanetaryScience Letters,241(31):804-814
Zhao ZJ,Zhou XY and Fan GZ.2006.Dominant forming stages ofstructural traps in Tazhong area,Tarim basin:Distribution andimplication for hydrocarbon accumulation.Marine Origin PetroleumGeology,11(2):1-8(in Chinese with English abstract)
陈汉林,罗俊成,郭群英,廖林,肖中尧,程晓敢,杨树锋,王步青.2009.塔里木盆地东南缘中新生代变形史与构造演化.大地构造与成矿学,33(1):38-45
丁文龙,林畅松,漆立新,黄太柱,余腾孝.2008.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起构造格架及形成演化.地学前缘,15(2):242-252
何登发,董大忠,吕修祥,曹守连.1996.克拉通盆地分析.北京:石油工业出版社
何登发,周新源,张朝军,杨文静,石昕.2006.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地地质结构特征.中国石油勘探,11(1):31-41
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