塔里木盆地白垩纪—新近纪盆山耦合过程的层序地层响应
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摘要
根据塔里木盆地西南坳陷区和北部坳陷区白垩系—新近系典型露头剖面的层序地层研究,结合地震和钻井资料的分析,在塔西南坳陷区划分出32个三级层序,塔北坳陷区27个三级层序。通过三级层序的叠置方式和构造层序的研究发现,两坳陷区白垩系—新近系中识别出4个以不整合面为主的构造层序界面,划分为4个二级超层序(SS1～4),并可以进行全盆地等时对比,建立层序地层格架。每一个超层序均表现由退积向进积演化的沉积旋回,在不同方向上具有不同的层序组合特征。构造沉降和物源分析表明:天山和西昆仑山前坳陷沉降沉积过程具有前陆盆地分段式和双物源特征,即早白垩世的中等沉降至晚白垩世的缓慢沉降至古近纪—新近纪快速沉降,物源区变化为:再旋回造山带—克拉通内部—再旋回造山带。同时,由于构造活动对物源区影响的差异,层序构成、沉积速率和沉积体系配置沿造山带方向存在明显的分带性,总体上为西强东弱,反映了塔西南坳陷区和塔北坳陷区沉积充填过程与天山造山带和昆仑造山带升降演化具有盆山耦合特征。
On the basis of the comprehensive analyses of the depositional sequence of the Cretaceous-Neogene outcrop sections,and the seismic sequence and drill-hole information in Tarim Basin,the authors hold that the Cretaceous-Neogene strata can be divided into 32 depositional sequences in the southwestern depression and 27 depositional sequences in the northwestern depression.According to the study of ordered stacking of several 3rd-order sequences and tectonic sequences,4 tectonic sequence interfacies with the form of unconformity can be identified in Tarim Basin.And the Cretaceous-Neogene strata may be redivided into 4 supersequences(SS1-4) which can be correlated synchronously in Tarim Basin,and the supersequence stratigraphic framework of the Cretaceous-Neogene in Tarim Basin can be established.Each supersequence represented the evolution cycle from progradation to retrogradation of 3rd-order sequence group and possesses the different characteristics of sequence association in different directions.The analysis of tectonic subsidence and depositional provenances indicate that the processes of subsidence and deposition in the depression in front of Tianshan and Kunlunshan Mts.possess the characteristics of subsection and double provenances of foreland basin: Middle subsidence in the Early Cretaceous,slow subsidence in the Late Cretaceous and rapid subsidence in the Paleogence and Neogence.The change of the provenance areas is recycled orogen-inner craton-recycled orogen.And at the same time,the subarea occurred in terms of sequence constitution,depositional speed and depositional system collocation along the orogen due to the difference in the impact of tectonic movements to the provenance area,which was stronger in the western area than in the east.This proves the characteristics of the basin-orogene coupling evolution between the depositional filling of southwestern depression and northwestern depression and lifting-fall process of Tianshan and Kunlunshan orogens.
On the basis of the comprehensive analyses of the depositional sequence of the Cretaceous-Neogene outcrop sections,and the seismic sequence and drill-hole information in Tarim Basin,the authors hold that the Cretaceous-Neogene strata can be divided into 32 depositional sequences in the southwestern depression and 27 depositional sequences in the northwestern depression.According to the study of ordered stacking of several 3rd-order sequences and tectonic sequences,4 tectonic sequence interfacies with the form of unconformity can be identified in Tarim Basin.And the Cretaceous-Neogene strata may be redivided into 4 supersequences(SS1-4) which can be correlated synchronously in Tarim Basin,and the supersequence stratigraphic framework of the Cretaceous-Neogene in Tarim Basin can be established.Each supersequence represented the evolution cycle from progradation to retrogradation of 3rd-order sequence group and possesses the different characteristics of sequence association in different directions.The analysis of tectonic subsidence and depositional provenances indicate that the processes of subsidence and deposition in the depression in front of Tianshan and Kunlunshan Mts.possess the characteristics of subsection and double provenances of foreland basin: Middle subsidence in the Early Cretaceous,slow subsidence in the Late Cretaceous and rapid subsidence in the Paleogence and Neogence.The change of the provenance areas is recycled orogen-inner craton-recycled orogen.And at the same time,the subarea occurred in terms of sequence constitution,depositional speed and depositional system collocation along the orogen due to the difference in the impact of tectonic movements to the provenance area,which was stronger in the western area than in the east.This proves the characteristics of the basin-orogene coupling evolution between the depositional filling of southwestern depression and northwestern depression and lifting-fall process of Tianshan and Kunlunshan orogens.
引文
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[14]Zheng HB,Powell C M,An Z S,et al.Pliocene uplift of thenorthern Tibetan Plateau[J].Geology,2000,28(8):715-718.
[15]郭宪璞,姚培毅.新疆塔里木盆地西部发现中白垩世缺氧事件[J].地质论评,1995,41(6):552,557.
[16]郝诒纯,苏新,郭宪璞,等.塔北库车前陆盆地晚白垩世钙质超微化石的首次发现[J].现代地质,2000,14(3):246.
[17]GrahamS A,Hendrix S M,Wang L B.Collisional successorbasins of western China:I mpact of tectonic inheritance onsand composition[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1993,105:323-344.
[18]Hendrix S M,Dumitru T A,GrahamS A.Late Oligocene-Early Miocene unroofingin Chinese Tianshan:An early effectof India-Asia collision[J].Geology,1994,22:487-490.
[2]贾承造.中国中西部前陆冲断带构造特征与天然气富集规律[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(4):9-15.
[3]李本亮,魏国齐,贾承造.中国前陆盆地构造地质特征综述与油气勘探[J].地学前缘,2009,16(4):190-202.
[4]卢华复,陈楚铭,刘志宏,等.塔里木盆地与天山山脉晚新生代盆山耦合机制[J].石油学报,2000,21(3):18-24.
[5]卢华复,王胜利,贾东,等.库车再生前陆逆冲带的构造特征与成因[J].高校地质学报,2000,11(4):493-503.
[6]田作基.塔北前陆盆地与南天山造山带的耦合关系及油气分布特征[J].中国石油勘探,2006(4):16-20,60.
[7]汤良杰,金之钧,贾承造,等.库车前陆褶皱-冲断带大型盐推覆构造[J].地质学报,2004,78(1):17-23.
[8]王清晨,李忠.盆山耦合与沉积盆地成因[J].沉积学报,2003,21(1):24-30.
[9]刘和甫.盆地-山岭耦合体系与地球动力学机制[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2001,26(6):581-584.
[10]刘和甫,汪泽成,熊保贤,等.中国中西部中、新生代前陆盆地与挤压造山带耦合分析[J].地学前缘,2000,7(3):55-72.
[11]林畅松,刘景彦,张燕梅,等.库车坳陷第三系构造层序的构造特征及其对前陆构造作用的响应[J].中国科学:D辑,2002,32(3):177-183.
[12]高锐,肖序常,刘训.新疆地学断面深地震反射剖面揭示的西昆仑-塔里木结合带岩石圈细结构[J].地球学报,2001,22(6):547-552.
[13]陈荣林,朱宏发,陈跃,等.塔里木盆地中、新生界沉积特征与石油地质[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1995:1-116.
[14]Zheng HB,Powell C M,An Z S,et al.Pliocene uplift of thenorthern Tibetan Plateau[J].Geology,2000,28(8):715-718.
[15]郭宪璞,姚培毅.新疆塔里木盆地西部发现中白垩世缺氧事件[J].地质论评,1995,41(6):552,557.
[16]郝诒纯,苏新,郭宪璞,等.塔北库车前陆盆地晚白垩世钙质超微化石的首次发现[J].现代地质,2000,14(3):246.
[17]GrahamS A,Hendrix S M,Wang L B.Collisional successorbasins of western China:I mpact of tectonic inheritance onsand composition[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1993,105:323-344.
[18]Hendrix S M,Dumitru T A,GrahamS A.Late Oligocene-Early Miocene unroofingin Chinese Tianshan:An early effectof India-Asia collision[J].Geology,1994,22:487-490.
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