准噶尔盆地南缘托斯台背斜的几何学分析
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摘要
位于准噶尔盆地南缘西段的托斯台背斜经历了强烈的构造变形,地表出露丰富的断层相关褶皱现象,是北天山山前典型的断层相关褶皱及其叠合的复杂构造单元。笔者从过托斯台背斜地震剖面的构造分析入手,以地表和钻井揭示的构造现象为约束条件,配合基于断层相关褶皱几何变形的数值模拟,建立了与实际数据吻合的构造几何模型,将构造解释的多解性限制在合理的范围内,并通过正演平衡地质剖面制作,再现了托斯台构造几何变形的运动学过程。分析表明准噶尔盆地南缘山前西段存在多期次的构造逆冲推覆与叠加,侏罗纪至白垩纪期间,构造活动以向地表逆冲推覆为主,形成垂向叠加的双重构造;喜山晚期,则以隐伏逆冲为主,形成现今的托斯台断坡背斜,推覆位移量达12km。
The Tuositai Anticline,which locates in the western section of the southern Junggar Basin foreland,has been strongly deformed.It is a complex superimposed fault-related fold in the piedmont of the northern Tianshan Mountains with rich fault-related folding marks exposed on the surface.Basing on geometric analyzing of a 2-D seismic line through the Tuositai Anticline constrained by the surface data and the well information,the present paper established the reasonable structural geometric model of the Tuositai Anticline.And then,a geometric numeral simulation cooperated with the geometry of the fault-related folding was developed,and its kinematics are also reconstructed by constructing a series of forward balanced geological cross-sections.The study results indicates that the Tuositai Anticline is a superimposed fold,and its thrusting and corresponding structural overlapping has been experienced several times.During the Jurassic to the Cretaceous,two southern dipping thrust faults had developed at the southern limb of the Tuositai Anticline,which forming a duplex structure,with the Jurassic and the Pre-Jurassic formations were thrust from south to the surface.After that,during the late Himalayan orogeny,another south dipping blind thrust have developed under the pre-existing duplex Tuositai Anticline,thus forming the present Tuosital Anticline with a total 12 km displacements.
The Tuositai Anticline,which locates in the western section of the southern Junggar Basin foreland,has been strongly deformed.It is a complex superimposed fault-related fold in the piedmont of the northern Tianshan Mountains with rich fault-related folding marks exposed on the surface.Basing on geometric analyzing of a 2-D seismic line through the Tuositai Anticline constrained by the surface data and the well information,the present paper established the reasonable structural geometric model of the Tuositai Anticline.And then,a geometric numeral simulation cooperated with the geometry of the fault-related folding was developed,and its kinematics are also reconstructed by constructing a series of forward balanced geological cross-sections.The study results indicates that the Tuositai Anticline is a superimposed fold,and its thrusting and corresponding structural overlapping has been experienced several times.During the Jurassic to the Cretaceous,two southern dipping thrust faults had developed at the southern limb of the Tuositai Anticline,which forming a duplex structure,with the Jurassic and the Pre-Jurassic formations were thrust from south to the surface.After that,during the late Himalayan orogeny,another south dipping blind thrust have developed under the pre-existing duplex Tuositai Anticline,thus forming the present Tuosital Anticline with a total 12 km displacements.
引文
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[2]吴建华,向书政,吴晓智,等.准噶尔盆地南缘东部构造样式与形成机制[J].新疆石油地质,2002,23(3):208-210.Wu Jianhua,Xiang Shuzheng,Wu Xiaozhi,et al.Structures ineast part of southern marginin Junggar Basin andtheir formationmechanism[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2002,23(3):208-210.
[3]刘和甫.前陆盆地类型及褶皱—冲断层样式[J].地学前缘,1995,2(3):59-68.Liu Hefu.Classification of foreland basins and fold thrust style[J].Earth Science Fronties,1995,2(3):59-68.
[4]邓起东,冯先岳,张培震,等.乌鲁木齐山前坳陷逆断裂-褶皱带及其形成机制[J].地学前缘,1999,6(4):191-200.Deng Qidong,Feng Xianyue,Zhang Peizhen,et al.Reverse faultand fold zoneinthe Urumqi range front depression of the North-ern Tianshan andits genetic mechanism[J].Earth Science Fron-tiers,1999,6(4):191-200.
[5]刘保金,沈军,张先康,等.深地震反射剖面揭示的天山北缘乌鲁木齐坳陷地壳结构和构造[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5):1464-1472.Liu Baojin,Shen Jun,Zhang Xiankang,et al.The crust structuresand tectonics of Urumqi depression revealed by deep seismic re-flection profile in the northern margin of Tianshan mountains[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(5):1464-1472.
[6]Suppe J.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding[J].A-merican Journal of Science,1983,283:684-721.
[7]Shaw J,Connors C,Suppe J.Seismic interpretation of contrac-tional fault-related folds:An AAPGseismic atlas studies in geol-ogy#53[M].Tulsa:The American Association of PetroleumGeologists,2005:11-25.
[8]陈伟,卢华复,施央生.平衡剖面计算机模拟及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.Chen Wei,Lu Huafu,Shi Yangsheng.The computer techniquesand applications for the balanced cross section[M].Beijing:Sci-ence Press,1993.
[9]王兆明,罗晓容,刘楼军,等.准噶尔盆地南缘霍-玛-吐断层活动特征及成藏过程[J].石油学报,2006,27(5):28-34.Wang Zhaoming,Luo Xiaorong,Liu Loujun,et al.Active featuresof Huo-Ma-Tu fault and hydrocarbon accumulation in the sour-thern Junggar Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(5):28-34.
[10]李丕龙,刘传虎.准噶尔盆地天然气勘探潜力及运聚规律[J].石油学报,2005,26(2):6-10.Li Pilong,Liu Chuanhu.Exploration potential and migration-ac-cumulation rules of natural gas in Junggar Basin[J].Acta Petro-lei Sinica,2005,26(2):6-10.
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