南海北部天然气水合物赋存带识别与深度预测
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摘要
利用地球物理方法,在钻探前对水合物赋存带进行识别和深度预测,可以为钻探井位的选取及井深的规划提供直接的数据支持。在我国南海北部二维地震数据的基础上,以速度为主要判别依据,以波阻抗反演为佐证,识别水合物赋存带的顶、底界,并以叠加速度谱为基础,预测神狐海域A测线预测井位的水合物赋存深度。在此数据的指导下,经钻探证实,该钻位在预测深度附近确实存在高饱和度的水合物矿藏。
Rationale drilling planning requires precise data on gas hydrate reservoir and its depth before drilling.2-D seismic data from the Northern South China Sea were used to identify the top and bottom of the gas hydrate reservoir by the changes in velocity and impedance.The depth of the reservoir was then calculated with RMS velocity.Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey carried out field drilling in 2007,and the gas hydrate reservoir with high saturation was discovered at the depth predicted,suggesting that the calculation is precise enough for drilling planning.
Rationale drilling planning requires precise data on gas hydrate reservoir and its depth before drilling.2-D seismic data from the Northern South China Sea were used to identify the top and bottom of the gas hydrate reservoir by the changes in velocity and impedance.The depth of the reservoir was then calculated with RMS velocity.Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey carried out field drilling in 2007,and the gas hydrate reservoir with high saturation was discovered at the depth predicted,suggesting that the calculation is precise enough for drilling planning.
引文
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[25]Riedel M,Novosel I,Spence G D,et al.Geophysical and geo-chemical signatures associated with gas hydrate-related ven-ting in the northern Cascadia margin[J].Geological Societyof America Bulletin,2006,118(1-2):23-38.
[26]Shipley T,Houston M,Buffler R,et al.Seismic evidence forwidespread possible gas hydrate horizons on continentalslopes and rises[J].AAPG Bull,1979,63(12):2204-2213.
[27]杨睿,吴能友,雷新华,等.波阻抗反演在南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物勘探中的应用[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):495-500.[YANG Rui,WU Nengyou,LEI Xinhua,et al.Impedance inversion and its application in gas hydrate explo-ration in Shenhu Area,northern South China Sea[J].Geo-science,2010,24(3):495-500.]
[2]Taylor M H,Dillon W P,Pecher I A.Trapping and migrationof methane associated with the gas hydrate stability zone at theBlake Ridge Diapir:new insights from seismic data[J].Ma-rine Geology,2000,164(1-2):79-89.
[3]Duan Z H,Moller N,Greenberg J,et al.The prediction ofmethane solubility in natural-waters to high ionic-strengthfrom 0-Degrees-C to 250-Degrees-C and from 0to 1600Bar[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1992,56(4):1451-1460.
[4]Handa Y P.Effect of hydrostatic-pressure and salinity on thestability of gas hydrates[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry,1990,94(6):2652-2657.
[5]Zatsepina O Y,Buffett B A.Phase equilibrium of gas hydrate:Implications for the formation of hydrate in the deep sea floor[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1997,24:1567-1570.
[6]Milkov A V,Sassen R.Thickness of the gas hydrate stabilityzone,Gulf of Mexico continental slope[J].Marine and Petro-leum Geology,2000,17(9):981-991.
[7]葛倩,王家生,向华,等.南海天然气水合物稳定带厚度及资源量估算[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2006,31(2):245-249.[GE Qian,WANG Jiasheng,XIANG Hua,et al.Computation of thickness of gas hydrate stabiliby zone and po-tential volume of gas hydrate in South China Sea[J].EarthScience-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2006,31(2):245-249.]
[8]Tang Yong,Jin Xianglong,Fang Yinxia.Characteristics ofgas hydrate stability zone and resource evaluation in OkinawaTrough[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2006,8(2):40-48.
[9]Schwalenberg K,Willoughby E,Mir R,et al.Marine gas hy-drate electromagnetic signatures in Cascadia and their correla-tion with seismic blank zones[J].First Break,2005,23:57-63.
[10]孙春岩,章明昱,牛滨华,等.天然气水合物地震空白带现象正演模型研究[J].地学前缘,2003,10:199-204.[SUNChunyan,ZHANG Mingyu,NIU Binhua,et al.Modeling ofseismic blanking zone for gas hydrate[J].Earth ScienceFrontiers,2003,10:199-204.]
[11]von Rad U,Berner U,Delisle G,et al.Gas and fluid ventingat the Makran accretionary wedge off Pakistan[J].Geo-Ma-rine Letters,2000,20:10-19.
[12]Bangs N L B,Sawyer D S,Golovchenko X.Free gas at thebase of the gas hydrate zone in the vicinity of the Chile triplejunction[J].Geology,1993,21(10):905-908.
[13]Hyndman R D,Spence G D.A seismic study of methane hy-drate marine bottom simulating reflectors[J].Journal of Ge-ophysical Research,1992,97(B5):6683-6698.
[14]Katzman R,Holbrook W S,Paull C K.Combined vertical-in-cidence and wide-angle seismic study of a gas hydrate zone,Blake Ridge[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1994,99(B9):17975-17995.
[15]Andreassen K,Hart P E,MacKay M.Amplitude versus offsetmodeling of the bottom simulating reflection associated withsubmarine gas hydrates[J].Marine Geology,1997,137:25-40.
[16]吴能友,杨胜雄,王宏斌,等.南海北部陆坡神狐海域天然气水合物成藏的流体运移体系[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(6):1641-1650.[WU Nengyou,YANG Shengxiong,WANG Hongbin,et al.Gas-bearing fluid influx sub-systemfor gas hydrate geological system in Shenhu area,northernSouth China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chi-nese),2009,52(6):1641-1650.]
[17]石万忠,宋志峰,王晓龙,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷底辟构造类型及其成因[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2009,34(5):778-784.[SHI Wanzhong,SONG Zhifeng,WANGXiaolong,et al.Diapir structure and its origin in the BaiyunDepression Peal River Mouth Basin China[J].Earth Sciences,2009,34(5):778-784.刊名]
[18]孙龙涛,周蒂,陈长民,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷断裂构造特征及其活动期次[J].热带海洋学报,2008,27:25-31.[SUN Longtao,ZHOU Di,CHEN Changmin,et al.Faultstructure and evolution of Baiyun Sag in Zhujiang Rivermouth basin[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2008,27(2):25-31.]
[19]Taylor B,Hayes D E.The Tectonic Evolution of the SouthChina Basin[M]//The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution ofSoutheast Asian Seas and Islands.Washington:AmericanGeophysical Union,1980:89-104.
[20]Pautot G,Rangin C,Briais A,et al.Spreading direction in thecentral South China Sea[J].Nature,1986,321:150-154.
[21]姚伯初.南海的天然气水合物矿藏[J].热带海洋学报,2001,20(2):20-28.[YAO Bochu.The gas hydrate in theSouth China Sea[J].Tropic Oceanology,2001,20(2):20-28.]
[22]姚伯初,吴能友.天然气水合物———石油天然气的未来替代能源[J].地学前缘,2005,12(01):225-233.[YAO Bochu,WU Nengyou.Gas hydrate,a future energy resource[J].Earth Frontiers(in Chinese),2005,12:225-233.]
[23]Pecher I A,Kukowski N,Huebscher C,et al.The link be-tween bottom-simulating reflections and methane flux into thegas hydrate stability zone-new evidence from Lima Basin,Peru Margin[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2001,185(3-4):343-354.
[24]宋海斌,张岭,江为为,等.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理研究(III):似海底反射[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18:182-187.[SONG Haibin,ZHANG Ling,JIANG Weiwei,et al.Geophysical researches on marine gas hydrates(III):Bottomsimulating reflection[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(2):182-187.]
[25]Riedel M,Novosel I,Spence G D,et al.Geophysical and geo-chemical signatures associated with gas hydrate-related ven-ting in the northern Cascadia margin[J].Geological Societyof America Bulletin,2006,118(1-2):23-38.
[26]Shipley T,Houston M,Buffler R,et al.Seismic evidence forwidespread possible gas hydrate horizons on continentalslopes and rises[J].AAPG Bull,1979,63(12):2204-2213.
[27]杨睿,吴能友,雷新华,等.波阻抗反演在南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物勘探中的应用[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):495-500.[YANG Rui,WU Nengyou,LEI Xinhua,et al.Impedance inversion and its application in gas hydrate explo-ration in Shenhu Area,northern South China Sea[J].Geo-science,2010,24(3):495-500.]
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