塔里木盆地库车坳陷中段盐上层构造特征
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摘要
库车坳陷中段新生界底部发育较厚的库姆格列木群(E_(1-2)km)膏盐岩层,导致盐上层形成复杂的构造变形。依据地震资料解释成果,分析了库车坳陷中段盐上层的构造变形特征,认为盐上层构造变形可以分为收缩构造与盐岩底辟构造两种类型。收缩构造包括薄皮褶皱与逆冲断层两类,盐岩层构成薄皮收缩构造的滑脱层;盐岩底辟构造包括隐刺穿底辟和剌穿底辟,系盐岩层顺层流动造成局部加厚和刺穿现象。盐岩底辟构造在吉迪克组(N_1j)沉积时期即开始发育,并经历了中新世以上覆地层差异压力作用为主导的盐岩底辟以及上新世—第四纪以水平挤压作用为主导的盐岩底辟两个阶段。收缩构造主要是在库车组(N_2k)与西域组(Q_1x)沉积期开始发育的,形成滑脱褶皱变形,并在褶皱翼部发育破冲断层。
The thick salt layer of Kumgeliem Group(E_(1-2)km) at the bottom of Cenozoic led to the complicated deformation of post-salt layers in Kuqa Depression.Structural deformation in the study area is studied based on interpretation of seismic data.The types of structural deformation were identified,i.e.contractional structure and salt diapir-related structure.The contrational structures can be divided into thin-skinned folds and thrusts,with salt layer as the detachment.The salt diapir-related structures can be divided into blind piercing diapir structure and piercing diapir structure,which were caused by local thickening and piercing due to salt along-bed flow.The salt diapire-related structures started to develop during the deposition of Jidik Formation(N_1j) and experienced two evolution stages.The first stage was the Miocene when salt diapir-related was mainly caused by the differential pressure of the overlying strata,while the second stage was the Pliocene and Quaternary when salt diapir-related diaper was mainly caused by horizontal depression.The contractional structures were mainly formed during the deposition of Kuqa Formation(N_2k) and Xiyu Formation(Q_1x),with deformation of decollement folds and development of thrusts on the limbs of folds.
The thick salt layer of Kumgeliem Group(E_(1-2)km) at the bottom of Cenozoic led to the complicated deformation of post-salt layers in Kuqa Depression.Structural deformation in the study area is studied based on interpretation of seismic data.The types of structural deformation were identified,i.e.contractional structure and salt diapir-related structure.The contrational structures can be divided into thin-skinned folds and thrusts,with salt layer as the detachment.The salt diapir-related structures can be divided into blind piercing diapir structure and piercing diapir structure,which were caused by local thickening and piercing due to salt along-bed flow.The salt diapire-related structures started to develop during the deposition of Jidik Formation(N_1j) and experienced two evolution stages.The first stage was the Miocene when salt diapir-related was mainly caused by the differential pressure of the overlying strata,while the second stage was the Pliocene and Quaternary when salt diapir-related diaper was mainly caused by horizontal depression.The contractional structures were mainly formed during the deposition of Kuqa Formation(N_2k) and Xiyu Formation(Q_1x),with deformation of decollement folds and development of thrusts on the limbs of folds.
引文
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[14]王清晨,张仲培,林伟.库车盆地—天山边界的晚第三纪断层活动性质与应力状态[J].科学通报,2003,48(24): 2553-2559. Wang Qingchen,Zhang Zhongpei,Lin Wei.Feature and stress field of Late Cenozoic faults activity in the Kuche Basin[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(24):2553 -2559.
[15]黄少英,王月然,魏红兴.塔里木盆地库车坳陷盐构造特征及形成演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,22(1), 117-123. Huang Shaoying,Wang Yueran,Wei Hongxing.Characteristics of salt structures and its evolution in Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,2009,22(1 ), 117-123.
[16]漆家福,雷刚林,李明刚,等.库车坳陷—南天山盆山过渡带的收缩构造变形模式[J].地学前缘,2009,16(3): 120-128. Qi Jiafu,Lei Ganglin,Li Minggang,et al.A model of contractional structure for transition belt between Kuche Depression and Southern Tianshan Uplift[J].Earth Science Frontiers, 2009,16(3):120-128.
[2]刘志宏,卢华复,贾承造,等.库车再生前陆盆地的构造与油气[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):297-302. Liu Zhihong,Lu Huafu,Jia Chengzao,et al.Structures and hydrocarbon accumulation in Kuqa rejuvenated foreland basin [J].Oil & Gas Geology,2001,22(4):297 -302.
[3]田作基,宋建国.塔里木库车新生代前陆盆地构造特征及形成演化[J].石油学报,1999,20(4):7-13. Tian Zuoji,Song Jianguo.Tertiary structure characteristics and evolution of Kuche foreland basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 1999,20(4):7-13.
[4]何登发,李德生.塔里木盆地构造演化与油气聚集[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:1-171. He Dengfa,Li Desheng.Tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumalation in Tarim Basin[M]Beijing:Geological Publishing Hous,1996:1 -171.
[5]贾承造.塔里木盆地中新生代构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:1-229. Jia Chengzao.Characteristics of tectonics and petroleum of Meso -Cenozoic in the Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2004:1-229.
[6]沈军,吴传勇,李军,等.库车坳陷活动构造的基本特征[J].地震地质,2006,28(2):269-278. Shen Jun,Wu CWuanyong,Lijun,et al.The basic features of the active tectonics in the Kuqa Depression of the southern Tianshan[J].Seismology and Geology,2006,28(2):269 - 278.
[7]漆家福,雷刚林,李明刚,等.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带的结构模型及其形成机制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33 (1):57-64. Qi Jiafu,Lei Ganglin,Li Minggang,et al.Analysis of structure model and formation mechanism of kelasu structure zone, Kuqa Depression[J].Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,2009,33 (1):57 - 64.
[8]Bahroudi A,Koyi H A.The effect of spatial distribution of Hormuz salt on deformation style in the Zagros fold and thrust ??belt:an analogue modeling approach[J].Journal of the Geological Society,2003,160(5):719 -733.
[9]Costa E,Vendeville B B.Experimental insights on the geometry and kinematics of fold-and-thrust belt above weak,viscous evaporatic decollement[J].Journal of Structural Geology, 2002,24(11):1729-1739.
[10]Mitra,S.Fold-accommodation faults[J].AAPG.Bulletin, 2002,86(4):671 -693.
[11]汤良杰,金之钧,贾承造,等.库车前陆褶皱—冲断带前缘大型盐推覆构造[J].地质学报,2004,78(1):17-25. Tang Liangjie,Jin Zhijun,Jia Chengzao,et al.A large-scale salt nappe complex in the Leading edge of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt,Tarim Basin,Northwest China[J].Acta Geological Sinica.2004,78(1 ):17-25.
[12]金文正,汤良杰,王清华,等.库车坳陷西段的逆冲推覆距离研究[J].地质学报,2007,81(2):181-186. Jin Wenzheng,Tang Liangjie,Wang Qinghua,et al.Displacement of a thrust in the western Kuqa Depression[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(2):181-186.
[13]汪新,唐鹏程,谢会文,等.库车坳陷西段新生代盐构造特征及演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):120- 127. Wang Xin,Tang Pengcheng,Xie Huiwen,et al.Cenozoic salt structures and evolution in the western Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,China[J]Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,2009,33 (1):120-127.
[14]王清晨,张仲培,林伟.库车盆地—天山边界的晚第三纪断层活动性质与应力状态[J].科学通报,2003,48(24): 2553-2559. Wang Qingchen,Zhang Zhongpei,Lin Wei.Feature and stress field of Late Cenozoic faults activity in the Kuche Basin[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(24):2553 -2559.
[15]黄少英,王月然,魏红兴.塔里木盆地库车坳陷盐构造特征及形成演化[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,22(1), 117-123. Huang Shaoying,Wang Yueran,Wei Hongxing.Characteristics of salt structures and its evolution in Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,2009,22(1 ), 117-123.
[16]漆家福,雷刚林,李明刚,等.库车坳陷—南天山盆山过渡带的收缩构造变形模式[J].地学前缘,2009,16(3): 120-128. Qi Jiafu,Lei Ganglin,Li Minggang,et al.A model of contractional structure for transition belt between Kuche Depression and Southern Tianshan Uplift[J].Earth Science Frontiers, 2009,16(3):120-128.
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