中国页岩气地质特殊性及其勘探对策
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摘要
与页岩气生产大国——美国相比,中国页岩气勘探开发除了起步较晚,更有地质条件特殊性决定的页岩气地质特殊性。根据页岩发育环境、页岩类型、演化历史和演化特点等的研究,系统总结了中国海相、陆相页岩油气的地质特殊性。海相页岩具有"一老二杂三高"的特点,时代老、层系多,多期复杂构造运动、破坏强度大,热演化史复杂、成熟度高;陆相页岩具有"一新一深二低"的特点,时代新,埋藏深、成熟低、脆性矿物含量低等,油气兼产。要实现页岩气勘探的突破和储产量的快速增长,应立足中国盆地特殊的地质特征来分析研究页岩气成藏机理、条件和有利分布区域,建立适合中国页岩气地质特殊性的综合评价方法和技术体系,同时加强地震技术、钻井技术、压裂技术、测井技术等攻关。
Compared to the high production of U.S.shale gas,shale gas development is in its infancy in China,one important reason is its peculiar geological characteristics.Based on the analysis of the sedimentary environment,shale types,and evolution history& characteristics,this paper summarized the geological peculiarities of marine and continental oil and gas shales in China.The marine gas shales are featured by old age,multiple bed layers,complex multi-period tectonic movement,complicated thermal evolution history,high failure strength,high total organic carbon(TOC)contents,and high degree of thermal maturity and evolution.The continental oil and gas shales are featured by new age,great burial depth,low thermal maturity,and low contents of brittle minerals.In order to achieve a breakthrough of shale gas exploration and a rapid growth of shale gas reserves and production,we suggest that(1) the analysis of shale gas pooling mechanism,geological conditions,and the distribution of favorable exploration target zones should be based on the said peculiarities of shale gas in China,(2)a comprehensive evaluation method and a package of techniques should be set up adaptable for such peculiarities,and(3)bottlenecks should be overcome in such technologies as seismic,drilling,frac treatment,and logging,etc.
Compared to the high production of U.S.shale gas,shale gas development is in its infancy in China,one important reason is its peculiar geological characteristics.Based on the analysis of the sedimentary environment,shale types,and evolution history& characteristics,this paper summarized the geological peculiarities of marine and continental oil and gas shales in China.The marine gas shales are featured by old age,multiple bed layers,complex multi-period tectonic movement,complicated thermal evolution history,high failure strength,high total organic carbon(TOC)contents,and high degree of thermal maturity and evolution.The continental oil and gas shales are featured by new age,great burial depth,low thermal maturity,and low contents of brittle minerals.In order to achieve a breakthrough of shale gas exploration and a rapid growth of shale gas reserves and production,we suggest that(1) the analysis of shale gas pooling mechanism,geological conditions,and the distribution of favorable exploration target zones should be based on the said peculiarities of shale gas in China,(2)a comprehensive evaluation method and a package of techniques should be set up adaptable for such peculiarities,and(3)bottlenecks should be overcome in such technologies as seismic,drilling,frac treatment,and logging,etc.
引文
[1]聂海宽,张金川.页岩气藏分布地质规律与特征[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,41(2):700-708.
[2]金之钧.中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气勘探特殊性问题[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):15-22.
[3]金之钧,蔡立国.中国海相油气勘探前景、主要问题与对策[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6):722-730.
[4]金之钧,蔡立国.中国海相层系油气地质理论的继承与发展[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1017-1024.
[5]马力,陈焕疆,甘克文,等.中国南方大地构造和海相油气地质(上册)[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.
[6]任纪舜.中国大陆构造的基本模型[J].地球学报:中国地质科学院院报,1995(3):328-330.
[7]任纪舜,邓平,肖藜薇,等.中国与世界主要含油气区大地构造比较分析[J].地质学报,2006,80(10):1491-1500.
[8]CURTIS J B.Fractured shale-gas systems[J].AAPG Bulle-tin,2002,86(11):1921-1938.
[9]李志荣,邓小江,杨晓,等.四川盆地南部页岩气地震勘探新进展[J].天然气工业,2011,31(4):40-43.
[10]聂海宽,唐玄,边瑞康.页岩气成藏控制因素及我国南方页岩气发育有利区预测[J].石油学报,2009,30(4):484-491.
[11]聂海宽.页岩气成藏机理及其应用[D].北京:中国地质大学,2010:70-94.
[12]张林晔,李政,朱日房.济阳坳陷古近系存在页岩气资源的可能性[J].天然气工业,2008,28(12):26-29.
[2]金之钧.中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气勘探特殊性问题[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):15-22.
[3]金之钧,蔡立国.中国海相油气勘探前景、主要问题与对策[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6):722-730.
[4]金之钧,蔡立国.中国海相层系油气地质理论的继承与发展[J].地质学报,2007,81(8):1017-1024.
[5]马力,陈焕疆,甘克文,等.中国南方大地构造和海相油气地质(上册)[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.
[6]任纪舜.中国大陆构造的基本模型[J].地球学报:中国地质科学院院报,1995(3):328-330.
[7]任纪舜,邓平,肖藜薇,等.中国与世界主要含油气区大地构造比较分析[J].地质学报,2006,80(10):1491-1500.
[8]CURTIS J B.Fractured shale-gas systems[J].AAPG Bulle-tin,2002,86(11):1921-1938.
[9]李志荣,邓小江,杨晓,等.四川盆地南部页岩气地震勘探新进展[J].天然气工业,2011,31(4):40-43.
[10]聂海宽,唐玄,边瑞康.页岩气成藏控制因素及我国南方页岩气发育有利区预测[J].石油学报,2009,30(4):484-491.
[11]聂海宽.页岩气成藏机理及其应用[D].北京:中国地质大学,2010:70-94.
[12]张林晔,李政,朱日房.济阳坳陷古近系存在页岩气资源的可能性[J].天然气工业,2008,28(12):26-29.
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