塔里木盆地西南缘构造样式及其主导因素
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摘要
塔里小盆地西南缘是西昆仑山前北北西—近东西向的构造变形带。具有南北3带、东西3段、上下3层的展布特点。各带、段和层以基底卷入的冲断构造和盖层滑脱的断层相关褶皱为主,包括:破冲褶皱、断层扩展褶皱、断层滑脱褶皱和断层弯曲褶皱等。通过识别地震剖面土不整合面和同构造沉积现象,认为构造变形时间在上新世—第四纪;第一排背斜带形成于上新世早期,第二排背斜带发育于上新世中-晚期,第三排背斜带在更新世早-中期开始活动,现今构造形态最终形成于更新世晚期。控制构造变形的主导因素是边界受力方式和非能干性软弱层的纵横向变化。前者决定分段性特征,后者起垂向分层作用,古近系膏泥岩分布范围决定了褶皱变形范围,厚度变化导致浅层变形的强弱。
The structural deformation belt is between south-western margin of Tarim Basin and west Kunlun Mountain,its structural trend is NNW or nearly EW,and with the characteristics of zonation from the south to the north,segmentation from the west to the east,and layering from the deep to the shallow.Basement involved thrust and decollement structure distributed in every segment,belt and layer.The structural styles including break-thrust folds,fault-propagation folds,detachment folds and fold-bend folds.After identifying the unconformity plane and syntectonic deposition evidence,it considered that structures were formed mainly in the Pliocene-Quaternary. The northern fold belt was formed in the Early Pliocene,the center fold belt was formed in Middle-Latter Pliocene,and the northern fold belt was formed in Early-Middle Pleistocene.Finally,the present structure pattern of south-western margin was formed after Latter Pleistocene.The dominate factors of structural deformation include boundary manner of strains and distribution variation of incompetent ductile layers.The boundary manner of strains determines the segmentation character.Gypsum-mudstone layer delaminates in vertical direction,its distribution delimits the extent of fold-thrust deformation,and its thickness results the extent of shallow layers' deformation.
The structural deformation belt is between south-western margin of Tarim Basin and west Kunlun Mountain,its structural trend is NNW or nearly EW,and with the characteristics of zonation from the south to the north,segmentation from the west to the east,and layering from the deep to the shallow.Basement involved thrust and decollement structure distributed in every segment,belt and layer.The structural styles including break-thrust folds,fault-propagation folds,detachment folds and fold-bend folds.After identifying the unconformity plane and syntectonic deposition evidence,it considered that structures were formed mainly in the Pliocene-Quaternary. The northern fold belt was formed in the Early Pliocene,the center fold belt was formed in Middle-Latter Pliocene,and the northern fold belt was formed in Early-Middle Pleistocene.Finally,the present structure pattern of south-western margin was formed after Latter Pleistocene.The dominate factors of structural deformation include boundary manner of strains and distribution variation of incompetent ductile layers.The boundary manner of strains determines the segmentation character.Gypsum-mudstone layer delaminates in vertical direction,its distribution delimits the extent of fold-thrust deformation,and its thickness results the extent of shallow layers' deformation.
引文
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曲国胜,李亦纲,李岩峰,Canerot J,陈新发,尹军平,陈新安,张宁,Deramond J.2005． 塔里木盆地西南前陆构造分段及其成因.中国科学(D辑),35(3) :193-202． Qu Guosheng,Li Yigang,Li Yanfeng,Canerot J,Chen Xinfa,Yin Junping,Chen Xin'an,Zhang Ning and Deramond J.2005． Segmentations of foreland belts and their tectonic mechanism in the southwest Tarim Basin.Science in China(Series D),48(10) : 1585-1598．
宋文杰,江同文.2008． 塔里木盆地油气勘探开发进展与“西气东输”资源保障.天然气工业,28(10) :1-4Song Wenjie and Jing Tongwen.2008． Status of petroleum exploration and production in the Tarim Basin and guarantee of supply for the west-to-east gas pipeline project.Natural Gas Industry,28(10) ;1-4．
向奎.2006． 塔里木盆地西南边缘压扭构造体系及其石油地质意义.古地理学报,8(2) :233-240． Xing Kui.2006． Transpressional structural systems and their petroleum geological significance in southwestern margin of Tarim Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography,8(2) ;233-240．
张达景,胡健民,蒙义峰,郑孟林,付茂兰.2007． 塔里木盆地西南部齐姆根逆冲推覆构造的特征及其与油气的关系.地质通报,26(3) :266-274Zhang Dajing,Hu Jianmin,Meng Yifeng,Zheng Menglin and Fu Maolan.2007． Characteistics of Qimugen thrust nappe structure in the southwestern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang,China,and its relationship with hydrocarbon.Geological Bulletin of China,26(3) : 266-274．
朱传庆,杨书江,李同彬,史丽艳.2008． 塔里术盆地主要断裂的地球物理特征及与天然地震的关系.地球物理学进展,23(6) :1685-1691．Zhu Chuanqing,Yang Shujiang,Li Tongbin and Shi Liyan.2008． Geophysical characters of major faults in the Tarim Basin and the relationships with earthquakes.Progress in Geophysics,23(6) : 1685-1691．
贾承造,魏国齐.2003． “九五”期问塔里木盆地构造研究成果概述石油勘探与开发,30(1) :11-14． Jia Chengzao and Wei Guoqi.2003． The summary of the achievements on the tectonic researches in Tarim Basin during the period of 9~(th) Five-Year Plan.Petroleum Exploration and Development,30(1) : 11-14．
李曰俊,陈从喜,买光荣,曾强,罗俊成,黄智斌,郑多明,彭更新.2000． 陆-陆碰撞造山带双前陆盆地模式--来自大别山、喜马拉雅和乌拉尔造山带的证据.地球学报,21(1) :7-16． Li Yuejun,Chen Congxi,Mai Guangrong,Zeng Qiang,Luo Juncheng,Huang Zhibin,Zheng Duoming and Peng Gengxin.2000． Dual foreland basin model of continent-continent collision orogenic belt: Evidence from Dabieshan,Himalayan and Uralian orogenic belts.Acta Geoscientia Sinica,21(1) : 7-16．
刘胜,汪新,伍秀芳,邱斌.2004． 塔西南山前晚新生代构造生长地层与变形时代.石油学报,25(5) :24-28． Liu Sheng,Wang Xin,Wu Xiufang and Qiu Bin.2004． Growth strata and the deformation time of the Late Cenozoic along front belts of Pamir western Kunlun southwest Tianshan in China.Acta Petrolei Sinica,25(5) : 24-28．
漆家福,夏义平,杨桥.2006． 油区构造解析.北京:石油工业出版社.1-161． Qi Jiafu,Xia Yiping and Yang Qiao.2006． Structural Analysis of Oil Region.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.1-161．
秦都.2005． 塔里木盆地西南地区侏罗纪原型盆地类型与特征.石油与天然气地质,26(6) :831-838Qing Du.2005． Types and characteristics of Jurassic prototype basins in southwestern Tarim Basin.Oil & Gas Geology,26(6) : 831-838．
曲国胜,李亦纲,张宁,李岩峰,陈杰,陈新安,尹军平,张兴林,Canerot J,Deramond J,Rey J.2004． 塔里木西南缘(齐姆根弧)前陆构造及形成机理.地质评论,50(6) :567-576． Qu Guosheng,Li Yigang,Zhang Ning,Li Yanfeng,Chen Jie,Chen Xin'an,Yin Junping,Zhang Xinglin,Canerot J,Deramond J and Rey J.2004． A study on the foreland structure of the Qimugen arc in southwest Tarim and its genetic mechanism.Geological Review,50(6) : 567-576．
曲国胜,李亦纲,李岩峰,Canerot J,陈新发,尹军平,陈新安,张宁,Deramond J.2005． 塔里木盆地西南前陆构造分段及其成因.中国科学(D辑),35(3) :193-202． Qu Guosheng,Li Yigang,Li Yanfeng,Canerot J,Chen Xinfa,Yin Junping,Chen Xin'an,Zhang Ning and Deramond J.2005． Segmentations of foreland belts and their tectonic mechanism in the southwest Tarim Basin.Science in China(Series D),48(10) : 1585-1598．
宋文杰,江同文.2008． 塔里木盆地油气勘探开发进展与“西气东输”资源保障.天然气工业,28(10) :1-4Song Wenjie and Jing Tongwen.2008． Status of petroleum exploration and production in the Tarim Basin and guarantee of supply for the west-to-east gas pipeline project.Natural Gas Industry,28(10) ;1-4．
向奎.2006． 塔里木盆地西南边缘压扭构造体系及其石油地质意义.古地理学报,8(2) :233-240． Xing Kui.2006． Transpressional structural systems and their petroleum geological significance in southwestern margin of Tarim Basin.Journal of Palaeogeography,8(2) ;233-240．
张达景,胡健民,蒙义峰,郑孟林,付茂兰.2007． 塔里木盆地西南部齐姆根逆冲推覆构造的特征及其与油气的关系.地质通报,26(3) :266-274Zhang Dajing,Hu Jianmin,Meng Yifeng,Zheng Menglin and Fu Maolan.2007． Characteistics of Qimugen thrust nappe structure in the southwestern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang,China,and its relationship with hydrocarbon.Geological Bulletin of China,26(3) : 266-274．
朱传庆,杨书江,李同彬,史丽艳.2008． 塔里术盆地主要断裂的地球物理特征及与天然地震的关系.地球物理学进展,23(6) :1685-1691．Zhu Chuanqing,Yang Shujiang,Li Tongbin and Shi Liyan.2008． Geophysical characters of major faults in the Tarim Basin and the relationships with earthquakes.Progress in Geophysics,23(6) : 1685-1691．
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