不同复杂近地表校正技术分析与应用
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摘要
近年来,地震勘探目标区逐渐由平原地区向复杂近地表条件地区转移。复杂地表区由于近地表结构的剧烈变化,引起地震波传播旅行时的不均匀延迟,导致地震剖面反射层位的畸变,影响到剖面的成像精度。针对不同典型复杂近地表特点,对模型法、沙丘曲线法、初至拟合法、折射波法、层析反演法等不同近地表校正方法的基本原理、适用条件、优缺点、实际应用效果进行分析与总结。同时,以准噶尔盆地北缘地区二维测线为例,通过对折射波与层析反演近地表校正方法对比,展示了层析反演技术在解决山地、山前带近地表静校正方面良好的应用效果。
With the development of oil and gas exploration, the target area of exploration was transferred from plain to the area with complex surface condition. In those areas severe changes of near surface structure induced inhomogeneous delay-time of seismic wave travel time and the distortion of reflection horizon on seismic profile, which affected the imaging quality of seismic profile greatly. On the basis of analyzing different types of complex earth surface characters, the summarized. The principle, application requirements, limitation and application effect of those methods were also introduced. Two-dimensional survey lines of mountainous and foothill belt area were taken for example. By comparison of refraction correction and tomography inversion, the approved application effect of tomography inversion method can be found for solving the near surface correction problem of mountainous and foothill belt area.
With the development of oil and gas exploration, the target area of exploration was transferred from plain to the area with complex surface condition. In those areas severe changes of near surface structure induced inhomogeneous delay-time of seismic wave travel time and the distortion of reflection horizon on seismic profile, which affected the imaging quality of seismic profile greatly. On the basis of analyzing different types of complex earth surface characters, the summarized. The principle, application requirements, limitation and application effect of those methods were also introduced. Two-dimensional survey lines of mountainous and foothill belt area were taken for example. By comparison of refraction correction and tomography inversion, the approved application effect of tomography inversion method can be found for solving the near surface correction problem of mountainous and foothill belt area.
引文
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[3]杨贵祥,郑天发,敬朋贵,等.川东北地区山地高精度地震勘探技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6):871～878.
[4]阎世信.山地地球物理勘探技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.3～5.
[5]夏忠某,何晓冬.模型法静校正在准噶尔腹部的应用[J].中国西部油气地质,2005,(02):203～206.
[6]肖泽阳,唐成鸽,刘厚裕.沙丘曲线静校正应用效果分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2007,(01):52～56.
[7]王彦春.折射波静校正在复杂地表区的应用[J].物探与化探,1999,23(6):28～434.
[8]杨文采,李幼铭.应用地震层析成像[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.11～46.
[9]张继国,刘连升,复杂区初至层析反演静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):383～385,395.
[10]刘连升,约束初至拾取与初至波剩余静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(5):604～610.
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