二维高斯迭代平滑滤波曲率属性及其应用
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摘要
基于二维高斯迭代平滑滤波的曲率属性的应用,实现对裂缝、断层、弯曲和褶皱等地质构造的有效识别.本文介绍了曲率属性的基本理论,分析了未滤波和经过中值滤波、高斯滤波在处理实际资料中的局限性,提出了一种基于二维高斯迭代平滑滤波来表现曲率属性的方法:对原始数据体进行中值滤波和二维迭代平滑高斯滤波的处理,将处理后的地震资料进行曲率属性的求取,然后对经过各种滤波的地震属性的成图效果进行比较,分析异同,得出结论表明基于二维高斯迭代平滑滤波的曲率属性在高分辨率构造精细识别尤其是隐伏断层和裂缝的判别、构造体的几何特征描述上有着良好的应用效果.
Based on the application of the curvature attribute of two-dimensional Gaussian iterated smoothing filterings,we can realize the effective identification of geological structures,such as fissure,faults,bends and folds. This article describes the basic theory of the curvature attribute,analyzes the limitations of using no filtering and after median filtering,Gaussian filtering dealing with real information,proposes a method of using two-dimensional Gaussian iterated smoothing filtering to express the curvature attribute.It deals the original data volume with the median filtering and two-dimensional Gaussian iterated smoothing filtering,calculates the curvature attribute from the processed seismic data.Then it compares the effects of seismic attribute mapping through a variety of filtering and analysis of the similarities and differences.We have concluded that it has a good application effect for high-resolution structure and fine identification,especially in the discrimination of buried faults and cracks and description of geometric features.
Based on the application of the curvature attribute of two-dimensional Gaussian iterated smoothing filterings,we can realize the effective identification of geological structures,such as fissure,faults,bends and folds. This article describes the basic theory of the curvature attribute,analyzes the limitations of using no filtering and after median filtering,Gaussian filtering dealing with real information,proposes a method of using two-dimensional Gaussian iterated smoothing filtering to express the curvature attribute.It deals the original data volume with the median filtering and two-dimensional Gaussian iterated smoothing filtering,calculates the curvature attribute from the processed seismic data.Then it compares the effects of seismic attribute mapping through a variety of filtering and analysis of the similarities and differences.We have concluded that it has a good application effect for high-resolution structure and fine identification,especially in the discrimination of buried faults and cracks and description of geometric features.
引文
[1] Klein P, Richard L, James H. 3D curvature attributes: a new approach for seismic interpretation [J]. First Break, 2008,26: 105～112．
[2] Arcis S C, Marfurt K. Seismic Curvature Attributes for Fault/Fracture Detection.
[3] Thomas G B. Calculus and Analytical Geometry[M]. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1972．
[4] Roberts A. Curvature attributes and their application to 3D interpreted horizons [J]. First Break, 2001, 19(2) : 85～100．
[5] Al-Dossary S, Marfurt K J. 3D volumetric multispectral estimates of reflector curvature and rotation [J]. Geophysics, 2006, 71(5) : 41～51．
[6] Chopra S, Marfurt K J. Curvature attribute applications to 3D surface seismic data [J]. The Leading Edge, 2007, 26(4) : 404～414．
[7] Satinder Chopra, Marfurt K J. Volumetric curvature attributes add value to 3D seismic datainterpretation,2007．
[8] 张军华,王伟,谭明友,等.曲率属性及其在构造解释中的应用 [J].油气地球物理,2009,7(2) :1～7． Zhang J H, Wang W, Tan M Y,et al. Curvature attributes and their application to interpreted structure [J]. Petroleum Geophysics, 2009, 7(2) : 1～7．
[9] 贺振华,黄德济,文晓涛.裂缝油气藏地球物理预测[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2007． He Z H, H uang D J,Wen X T. Forecast fractured hydrocarbon reservoir with physics of the Earth [M]. Chengdu: Sichuan Publishing House of Science＆Technology,2007．
[10] Torreao J R A, Amaral M S. Signal differentiation through a Green's function approach[M]. Pattern Recognition Letter, 2002, 23: 1755～1759．
[11] 杜文凤,彭苏萍,黎咸威.基于地震层曲率属性进行煤层小断层预测[J].煤炭学报,2008,1(27) :2901～2906． Du W F, Peng S P, Li X W. Seismic horizon curvature attribute for predicting coalseam fracture [J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2008． , 1(27) :2901～2906．
[12] 陶洪辉,秦国伟,许文波,等.地层主曲率在研究储层裂缝发育中的应用[J].新疆石油天然气,2005,1(2) :22～23,28． Tao H H, Qin G W, Xu W B, et al. Frmation curvature's application to reservoir's fracture initiation [J]. Xinjiang Oil＆Gas,2005 ,1(2) :22～23,28．
[13] Chopra S, Marfurt K J. Emerging and future trends in seismic attributes [J]. The Leading Edge, 2008, 27(3) : 298～318．
[14] Marfurt K J. Robust estimates of 3D reflector dip and azimuth [J]. Geophysics, 2006, 71(4) :29～40．
[15] Luo Y, Higgs W G, Kowalik W S. Edge detection and stratigraphic analysis using 3D seismic data [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 66th SEG Annual International Meeting, 1996, 324～327．
[16] Barnes A E. Theory of 2-D complex seismic trace analysis [J]. Geophysics, 1996, 61(1) :264～272．
[17] 张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法技术综合评述[J].地球物理学报,2006,21(2) :546～553． Zhang J H,L(u|¨) N,Tian L Y,etal. An overview of the methods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in chinese), 2006,21(2) :546～553．
[18] 高静怀,毛剑,满蔚仕,等.叠前地震资料噪声衰减的小波域方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4) :1155～1163． Gao J H, Mao J, Man W S, et al. Onthe denoisingmethod ofprestaek seismic datainwavelet domain [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2006,49(4) :I155～1163．
[19] 覃天.基于小波分频叠前相干噪声压制方法[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4) :1426～1430,DOI:10． 3969/j.issn.1004-2903． 2009． 04． 034． Tan T. Prestack coherent noise attenuation based on wavelet frequency-divsion [J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009,24(4) :1426～1430,DOI:10． 3969/j. issn. 1004-2903． 2009． 04． 034．
[20] 杜兴忠,曹俊兴.强噪声环境条件下的浅层地震勘探方法研究 [J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5) :1616～1620． Du X H, Cao J X. Shallow subsurface seismic prospecting methods in high-noise condition [J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese), 2008,23(5) : 1616～1620．
[21] 刘财,李红星,陶春辉,等.模糊嵌套多级中值滤波方法及其在地震数据处理中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5) :1534～1542． Liu C, Li H X, Tao C H, et al. A new fuzzy nesting multilevel median filter and its application to seismic data processing [J]. Progress in Geophsics (in chinese), 2007,50 (5) : 1534～ 1542．
[22] EH Lieb. Gaussian kernels have only Gaussian maximizers, 1990．
[2] Arcis S C, Marfurt K. Seismic Curvature Attributes for Fault/Fracture Detection.
[3] Thomas G B. Calculus and Analytical Geometry[M]. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1972．
[4] Roberts A. Curvature attributes and their application to 3D interpreted horizons [J]. First Break, 2001, 19(2) : 85～100．
[5] Al-Dossary S, Marfurt K J. 3D volumetric multispectral estimates of reflector curvature and rotation [J]. Geophysics, 2006, 71(5) : 41～51．
[6] Chopra S, Marfurt K J. Curvature attribute applications to 3D surface seismic data [J]. The Leading Edge, 2007, 26(4) : 404～414．
[7] Satinder Chopra, Marfurt K J. Volumetric curvature attributes add value to 3D seismic datainterpretation,2007．
[8] 张军华,王伟,谭明友,等.曲率属性及其在构造解释中的应用 [J].油气地球物理,2009,7(2) :1～7． Zhang J H, Wang W, Tan M Y,et al. Curvature attributes and their application to interpreted structure [J]. Petroleum Geophysics, 2009, 7(2) : 1～7．
[9] 贺振华,黄德济,文晓涛.裂缝油气藏地球物理预测[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2007． He Z H, H uang D J,Wen X T. Forecast fractured hydrocarbon reservoir with physics of the Earth [M]. Chengdu: Sichuan Publishing House of Science＆Technology,2007．
[10] Torreao J R A, Amaral M S. Signal differentiation through a Green's function approach[M]. Pattern Recognition Letter, 2002, 23: 1755～1759．
[11] 杜文凤,彭苏萍,黎咸威.基于地震层曲率属性进行煤层小断层预测[J].煤炭学报,2008,1(27) :2901～2906． Du W F, Peng S P, Li X W. Seismic horizon curvature attribute for predicting coalseam fracture [J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2008． , 1(27) :2901～2906．
[12] 陶洪辉,秦国伟,许文波,等.地层主曲率在研究储层裂缝发育中的应用[J].新疆石油天然气,2005,1(2) :22～23,28． Tao H H, Qin G W, Xu W B, et al. Frmation curvature's application to reservoir's fracture initiation [J]. Xinjiang Oil＆Gas,2005 ,1(2) :22～23,28．
[13] Chopra S, Marfurt K J. Emerging and future trends in seismic attributes [J]. The Leading Edge, 2008, 27(3) : 298～318．
[14] Marfurt K J. Robust estimates of 3D reflector dip and azimuth [J]. Geophysics, 2006, 71(4) :29～40．
[15] Luo Y, Higgs W G, Kowalik W S. Edge detection and stratigraphic analysis using 3D seismic data [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 66th SEG Annual International Meeting, 1996, 324～327．
[16] Barnes A E. Theory of 2-D complex seismic trace analysis [J]. Geophysics, 1996, 61(1) :264～272．
[17] 张军华,吕宁,田连玉,等.地震资料去噪方法技术综合评述[J].地球物理学报,2006,21(2) :546～553． Zhang J H,L(u|¨) N,Tian L Y,etal. An overview of the methods and techniques for seismic data noise attenuation [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in chinese), 2006,21(2) :546～553．
[18] 高静怀,毛剑,满蔚仕,等.叠前地震资料噪声衰减的小波域方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4) :1155～1163． Gao J H, Mao J, Man W S, et al. Onthe denoisingmethod ofprestaek seismic datainwavelet domain [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2006,49(4) :I155～1163．
[19] 覃天.基于小波分频叠前相干噪声压制方法[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4) :1426～1430,DOI:10． 3969/j.issn.1004-2903． 2009． 04． 034． Tan T. Prestack coherent noise attenuation based on wavelet frequency-divsion [J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009,24(4) :1426～1430,DOI:10． 3969/j. issn. 1004-2903． 2009． 04． 034．
[20] 杜兴忠,曹俊兴.强噪声环境条件下的浅层地震勘探方法研究 [J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5) :1616～1620． Du X H, Cao J X. Shallow subsurface seismic prospecting methods in high-noise condition [J]. Progress in Geophys. (in Chinese), 2008,23(5) : 1616～1620．
[21] 刘财,李红星,陶春辉,等.模糊嵌套多级中值滤波方法及其在地震数据处理中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(5) :1534～1542． Liu C, Li H X, Tao C H, et al. A new fuzzy nesting multilevel median filter and its application to seismic data processing [J]. Progress in Geophsics (in chinese), 2007,50 (5) : 1534～ 1542．
[22] EH Lieb. Gaussian kernels have only Gaussian maximizers, 1990．
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