青藏高原东部基于噪声的面波群速度分布特征
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摘要
通过收集青海、甘肃、四川三省的76个地震台记录的2008年1—12月三分量的连续噪声数据,利用噪声面波层析成像的方法获得了青藏高原东部的面波群速度分布特征。首先采用多重滤波方法提取了1 000多条台站对5～50 s的三分量面波群速度频散曲线,然后将研究区域划分为0.2°×0.2°的网格,利用O ccam方法反演了瑞利波(R-R)和勒夫波(T-T)的群速度分布。反演得到的群速度分布特征与地表地质和构造特征表现出较好的相关性,清晰地揭示了地壳内部的横向速度变化。层析成像的结果显示在短周期(8～20 s)内,拥有较厚的沉积层的四川盆地表现为明显的低速特征,而青藏高原东部则表现为较高的群速度分布特征;随着周期的增加(>20 s),群速度的分布特征呈现出与短周期相反的特性,青藏高原东部下方的速度远远低于四川盆地,这可能与青藏高原东部中、下地壳低速层相关联,同时也意味着研究区域的地壳结构具有明显的横向不均匀性。在群速度分布图上,龙门山不仅是四川盆地与青藏高原的地形和构造分界带,同时也对应着高群速度与低群速度的过渡带。
We obtained surface wave group velocity distribution in eastern Tibet from ambient noise analysis with the broadband seismic data recorded from January to December of 2008 at 76 stations from the Qinghai,Gansu and Sichuan Earthquake Administration digital seismic network.First,we used the multiple-filter analysis method to extract more than one thousand three-component surface wave group velocity dispersion curves from inter-station paths at periods from 5 to 50 s.Then the study area was reticulated into a 0.2°×0.2° grid,and using O'ccam inversion method to obtain the Rayleigh(R-R)and Love(T-T) wave group velocity distribution.The results of group velocity distribution maps generally demonstrate good correlations with surface geological and tectonic features;they also clearly revealed the lateral velocity variation in the crust.The results of the group velocity tomography show that at the short periods(820 s),Sichuan Basin is clearly resolved with low group velocity due to its thick sedimentary layer,and the eastern part of Tibet shows relative higher group velocity distribution.With the increase of period(>20 s),the group velocity distribution appears the contrary characteristics compared to that of the short periods,and the group velocity beneath the eastern part of Tibetan Plateau is much lower than Sichuan Basin,which possibly correlates with the low-velocity zone exhibited in the middle crust beneath the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau,and also means that the crust in our study area has conspicuous lateral heterogeneity.Our group velocity distribution maps clearly show that the Longmenshan fault is not only the boundary of topography and tectonic zone,but also the transition zone of high and low group velocity.
We obtained surface wave group velocity distribution in eastern Tibet from ambient noise analysis with the broadband seismic data recorded from January to December of 2008 at 76 stations from the Qinghai,Gansu and Sichuan Earthquake Administration digital seismic network.First,we used the multiple-filter analysis method to extract more than one thousand three-component surface wave group velocity dispersion curves from inter-station paths at periods from 5 to 50 s.Then the study area was reticulated into a 0.2°×0.2° grid,and using O'ccam inversion method to obtain the Rayleigh(R-R)and Love(T-T) wave group velocity distribution.The results of group velocity distribution maps generally demonstrate good correlations with surface geological and tectonic features;they also clearly revealed the lateral velocity variation in the crust.The results of the group velocity tomography show that at the short periods(820 s),Sichuan Basin is clearly resolved with low group velocity due to its thick sedimentary layer,and the eastern part of Tibet shows relative higher group velocity distribution.With the increase of period(>20 s),the group velocity distribution appears the contrary characteristics compared to that of the short periods,and the group velocity beneath the eastern part of Tibetan Plateau is much lower than Sichuan Basin,which possibly correlates with the low-velocity zone exhibited in the middle crust beneath the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau,and also means that the crust in our study area has conspicuous lateral heterogeneity.Our group velocity distribution maps clearly show that the Longmenshan fault is not only the boundary of topography and tectonic zone,but also the transition zone of high and low group velocity.
引文
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[2]Campillo M,Paul A.Long range correlations in the diffuse-seismic coda[J].Science,2003,299:547-549.
[3]Derode A,Larose E,Tanter M,et al.Recovering theGreen s function fromfield-field correlations in an open scat-tering medium[J].Acoustical Society of America,2003,113(6):2973-2976.
[4]Wapenaar K,Thorbecke J,Draganov D.Relations betweenreflection and transmission responses of three-di mensional inhomogeneous media[J].Geophysical Journal International,2004,156:179-194.
[5]Larose E,Campillo M,Khan A,et al.Lunar subsurface in-vestigated fromcorrelation of seismic noise[J].GeophysicalResearch Letters,2005,32,L16201,doi:10.1029/2005GL023518.
[6]Shapiro N M,Campillo M,Stehly L,et al.High resolutionsurface-wave tomographyfromambient seismic noise[J].Sci-ence,2005,307:1615-1618.
[7]Zhang P Z,Burchfiel B C,Molnar P,et al.Rate,amount,and style of Late Cenozoic deformation of southern Ningxia,northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau[J].Tectonics,1991,10:1111-1129.
[8]Bensen G D,Ritzwoller M H,Barmin MP,et al.Processingseismic ambient noise data to obtain reliable broad-band sur-face wave dispersion measurements[J].Geophysical JournalInternational,2007,169:1239-1260.
[9]Sabra K G,Gerstoft P,Roux P,et al.Extracting ti me do-main Green s function esti mates from ambient seismic noise[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32,L03310,doi:10.1029/2004GL021862.
[10]Lin F C,Moschetti M P,Ritzwoller M H.Surface wavetomography of the western United States fromambient noise:Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocity maps[J].GeophysicalJournal International,2008,173:281-298.
[11]Bensen G D,Ritzwoller M H,Shapiro N M.Broadband am-bient noise surface wave tomography across the United States[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2008,113,doi:10.1029/2007JB005248.
[12]Kang T S,Shin J S.Surface-wave tomography fromambientseismic noise of accelerograph networks in southern Korea[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2002,33,L17303,doi:10.1029/2006GL027044.
[13]Cho K H,Herrmann R B,Ammon C J,et al.I maging theupper crust of the Korean peninsula by surface wave tomo-graphy[J].Seismological Society of America,2007,97:198-207.
[14]Yao H,Beghein C,van der Hilst R D.Surface wave arraytomography in SE Tibet fromambient seismic noise and two-station analysis:II.Crustal and upper-mantle structure[J].Geophysical Journal International,2008,173:205-219.
[15]Zheng S,Sun X,Song X,et al.Surface wave tomography ofChina fromambient seismic noise correlation[J].Geochemis-try Geophysical Geosystems,2008,9,Q05020,doi:
10.1029/2008GC001981.
[16]Lin F C,Ritzwoller M H,Townend J,et al.Ambient noiseRayleigh wave tomography of New Zealand[J].GeophysicalJournal International,2007,170(2):649-666.
[17]Yang Y J,Ritzwoller M H,Levshin A L,et al.Ambientnoise Rayleigh wave tomography across Europe[J].Geophys-ical Journal International,2007,168(1):259-274.
[18]Campillo M,Stehly L,Shapiro N M.Absolute ti me meas-urements from seismic noise:Monitoring temporal velocitychanges and correction of station clock drifts[C]∥Abstract ofFall Meeting 2005,American Geophysical Union,2005:#S31A-0268.
[19]Bensen G D,Ritzwoller M H,Shapiro N M,et al.Exten-ding ambient noise surface wave tomography to continental-scales:Application across the united states[C]∥Abstract ofFall Meeting 2005,American Geophysical Union,2005:#S31A-0274.
[20]Wang C Y,Wu J P,Lou H,et al.P-wave velocity structurein western Sichuan and eastern Tibetan region[J].Science inChina:Series D,2003,33(Suppl):181-189(in Chinese).
[21]Li H Y,Wei S,Wang C Y,et al.Ambient noise Rayleighwave tomography in western Sichuan and eastern Tibet[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2009,282:201-211.
[22]Zhang P Z,Shen Z,Wang M,et al.Continuous deformationof the Tibetan Plateau from GPS data[J].Geology,2004,32:809-812.
[23]Zhao G Z,Tang J,Zhan Y,et al.Relation between electrici-ty structure of the crust and deformation of crustal blocks onthe northeastern margin of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau[J].Sci-ence in China:Series D,2004,34(10):908-918(in Chi-nese).
[24]Wen XZ,Zhang P Z,Du F,et al.The background of histor-ical and modern seismic activities of the occurrence of the2008Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2009,52(2):444-454(in Chinese).
[25]Zheng X F,Ouyang B,Zhang D N,et al.Technical systemconstruction of Data Backup Centre for China SeismographNetwork and the data support to researches on the Wenchuanearthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(5):1412-1417,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.05.031(inChinese).
[26]Dziewonski A,Bloch S,Landisman M.Atechnique for theanalysis of transient seismic signals[J].Seismological Societyof America,1969,59:427-444.
[27]Herrmann R B.Some aspects of band-pass filtering of surfacewaves[J].Seismological Society of America,1973,63:663-671.
[28]Li H Y,Bernardi F,Michelini A.Surface wave dispersionmeasurements from ambient seismic noise analysis in Italy[J].Geophysical Journal International,2010,180(3):1242-1252.
[29]Constable S C,Parker R L,Constable C G.Occam s inver-sion:A practical algorithm for generating smooth modelsfromelectromagnetic sounding data[J].Geophysics,1987,52:289-300.
[30]de Groot-Hedlin C,Constable S C.Occam sinversionto gen-erate smooth,two-di mensional models from magnetotelluricdata[J].Geophysics,1990,55:1613-1624.
[31]Royden L H,Clark B C,King R W,et al.Surface deforma-tion and lower crustal flow in eastern Tibet[J].Geology,1997,276:788-790.
[32]Xu Z H,Wang S Y,Pei S P.Lateral variation of Pn wavevelocity in the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2003,25(1):24-31(in Chi-nese).
[33]Teng J W,Bai D H,Yang H,et al.Deep processes and dy-namic responses associated with the WenchuanMs8.0 earth-quake of 2008[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(5):1385-1402(in Chinese).
[34]Ren J S,Jiang C F,Zhang Z K,et al.Geotectonic Evolutionof China[M].Beijing:Science Press,1980(in Chinese).
[35]Burchfiel B C,Royden L H,van der Hilst R D,et al.Ageo-logical and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquakeof 12 May 2008,Sichuan,People s Republic of China[J].GSA Today,2008,18(7),doi:10.1130/GSATG18A.1.
[36]Zhang P Z,Xu X W,Wen X Z,et al.Slip rate and recur-rence interval of the Longmen Shan active fault zone and tec-tonic i mplications for the mechanismof the May 12 Wenchuanearthquake,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2008,51(4):1066-1073(in Chinese).
[37]Lei J S,Zhao D P,Su J R.Fine seismic structure under theLongmen Shan fault zone and the mechanism of the largeWenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(2):339-345(in Chinese).
[38]Zhang P Z,Shen Z K,Wang M,et al.Continuous deforma-tion of the Tibetan Plateau from global position system data[J].Geophysics,2004,32:809-812.
[39]Clark M K,Royden L H.Topographic ooze:Building theeastern margin of Tibet by lower crustal flow[J].Geology,2000,33:525-528.
[40]Burchfiel B C,Chen Z,Liu Y,et al.Tectonics of the Long-men Shan and adjacent regions,central China[J].Interna-tional Geology Review,1995,37:661-735.
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