构造三角带的概念及其油气勘探意义
|
摘要
构造三角带通常发育于褶皱冲断带中,是油气勘探的重要目标。构造三角带具有多种几何形态和命名,其中,阿尔伯达型构造三角带具有普遍意义。近年来,国内外对构造三角带的研究工作取得了重要进展。利用物理模拟和数值模拟并结合实际地质情况,许多学者对构造三角带的演化提出了多种运动学模型和成因解释,本文介绍了2个运动学模型和单斜推进模式。影响构造三角带形成与发展的因素包括滑脱层、地层能干性差异、同构造沉积、剥蚀等。由于其内部构造的复杂性,三角带的地震剖面品质一般较差。而利用地震模拟和生长地层的方法可以在地震剖面上帮助识别出构造三角带。国内的地震勘探表明,中国西部挤压盆地中广泛发育三角带构造。文中列举了中国西部盆地中发育的构造三角带的实例。
Triangle zones normally develop in foreland fold-and-thrust belts and become favorable object of petroleum exploration.The geometry and nomenclature of triangle zones vary from place to place,among which Alberta-style triangle zone is of common significance.Progresses have been made on triangle zones in that a large number of work have been done at home and abroad in recent years.Based on physical and numerical modeling and integration of geological data,different kinematic and genetic models have been proposed,in which two kinematic models and a genetic model,prograding monocline model,are presented in this paper.Factors influencing the formation and development of triangle zones include décollement,variation of mechanical stratigraphy,syntectonic sedimentation,erosion and so on.Owing to their complexity in structure,triangle zones commonly have poor quality on seismic profiles.Consequently,seismic modeling and strata-in-growth method can be used to identify triangle zones.Seismic explorations demonstrate that triangle zones are widely distributed in zones around the basins in western China,and several examples are shown in this paper.
Triangle zones normally develop in foreland fold-and-thrust belts and become favorable object of petroleum exploration.The geometry and nomenclature of triangle zones vary from place to place,among which Alberta-style triangle zone is of common significance.Progresses have been made on triangle zones in that a large number of work have been done at home and abroad in recent years.Based on physical and numerical modeling and integration of geological data,different kinematic and genetic models have been proposed,in which two kinematic models and a genetic model,prograding monocline model,are presented in this paper.Factors influencing the formation and development of triangle zones include décollement,variation of mechanical stratigraphy,syntectonic sedimentation,erosion and so on.Owing to their complexity in structure,triangle zones commonly have poor quality on seismic profiles.Consequently,seismic modeling and strata-in-growth method can be used to identify triangle zones.Seismic explorations demonstrate that triangle zones are widely distributed in zones around the basins in western China,and several examples are shown in this paper.
引文
[1]Mackay P A,Varsek J L,Kubli T E,et al.Triangle zones and tec-tonic wedges:an introduction[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Ge-ology,1996,44:1-5.
[2]Gordy P L,Frey F R,Norris D K.Geological Guide for the CSPG1977Waterton-Glacier Park Field Conference[M].Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists,Calgary,1977:1-93.
[3]Fallot P.Les chevauchements intercutanés de Roya(Alpes-Mar-itimes)[M].Annales Hébert et Haug,Laboratoire Géologie de la Fac-ultéde Sciences,Universitéde Paris,1949,7:161-170.
[4]Charlesworth H A K,Gagnon L G.Intercutaneous wedges,the tri-angle zone,and structural thickening of the Mynheer coal seam at Coal Valley in the Rocky Mountain Foothills of central Alberta[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1985,33:22-30.
[5]Roeder D H.Rocky Mountains:Der Geologische Aufbau des Kanadischen Felsengebirges[M].Borntraeger,Berlin,1967:318.
[6]McMechan M E.Low-taper triangle zone geometry:an interpreta-tion for the Rocky Mountain Foothills,Pine Pass-Peace River area,British Columbia[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1985,33:31-38.
[7]Banks C J,Warburton J.‘Passive-roof’duplex geometly in the frontal structures of the Kirthar and Sulaiman mountain belts,Pakistan[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1986,8:229-237.
[8]Price R A.The southeastern Canadian Cordillera:thrust faulting,tectonic wedging,and delamination of the lithosphere[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1986,8:239-254.
[9]Lawton D C,Spratt D A,Hopkins J C.Tectonic wedging beneath the Rocky Mountain foreland basin,Alberta,Canada[J].Geology,1994,22:519-522.
[10]Groshong R H Jr,Usdansky S I.Kinematic models of plane-roofed duplex styles[J].Geological Society of America,Special Paper,1988,222:197-206.
[11]Shaw J H,Connors C,Suppe J.Seismic interpretation of contrac tional fault-related folds:An AAPG seismic atlas[M].American Asso-ciation of Petroleum Geologists Studies in Geology,2005:52-55.
[12]Couzens B A,Wiltschko D V.The control of mechanical stratigra-phy on the formation of triangle zones[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1996,44:165-179.
[13]Butler R W H.The terminology of structures in thrust belts[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1982,4:239-245.
[14]Couzens-Schultz B A.The Effects of Mechanical Stratigraphy on the Origin of Triangle Zones in Thrust Belts[D].Ph.D.dissertation,Texas A&M University,College Station,TX,1997:1-39.
[15]梅廉夫,戴少武,沈传波,等.中、下扬子区中、新生代陆内对冲带的形成及解体[J].地质科技简报,2008,27(4):1-7.
[16]Chen A.Mirror-image thrusting in the South China Orogenic Belt:tectonic evidence from western Fujian,southeastern China[J].Tectonophysics,1999,305:497-519.
[17]Barnes P M,Nicol A.Formation of an active thrusts triangle zone associated with structural inversion in a subduction setting,eastern New Zealand[J].Tectonics,2004,23,TC1015,doi:10.1029/2002TC001449.
[18]Stockmal G S,Lebel D,McMechan M E,et al.Structural style and evolution of the triangle zone and external Foothills,southwestern Alberta:Implications for thin-skinned thrust-and-fold belt me-chanics[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,2001,49:472-496.
[19]Couzens-Schultz B A,Vendeville B C,Wiltschko D V.Duplex style and triangle zone formation:insights from physical modeling[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2003,25:1623-1644.
[20]Zapata T R,Allmendinger R W.Thrust-front zone of the Pre-cordillera,Argentina:A thick-skinned triangle zone[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1996,80:359-381.
[21]Jones P B.Oil and gas beneath east-dipping underthrust faults in the Alberta Foothills[C]//Powers R B.Geologic Studies of the Cordilleran Thrust Belt1.Rocky Mountain Association of Petroleum Geologists,1982:61-74.
[22]Jones P B.Triangle zone geometry,terminology and kinematics[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1996,44:139-152.
[23]Cooper M.Passive-roof duplexes and pseudo-passive-roof duplex-es at mountain fronts:a review[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1996,44:410-421.
[24]Bonini M.Deformation patterns and structural vergence in brittle-ductile thrust wedges:An additional analogue modeling perspective[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2007,29:141-158.
[25]Dahlstrom C D A.Structural geology in the eastern margin of the Canadian Rocky Mountains[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Ge-ology,1970,18:332-406.
[26]Boyer S E,Elliott D.Thrust systems[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1982,66:1196-1230.
[27]Morley C K.A classification of thrust fronts[J].American Associa-tion of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1986,70:12-25.
[28]Martinez-Torres L M,Ramon-Lluch R,Eguiluz L.Tectonic wedges:geometry and kinematic interpretation[J].Journal of Struc-tural Geology,1994,16:1491-1494.
[29]Varsek J L.Structural wedges in the Cordilleran crust,southwestern Canada[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1996,44:349-362.
[30]Moore V M,Wiltschko D V.Syncollisional delamination and tec-tonic wedge development in convergent orogens[J].Tectonics,2004,23,TC2005,doi:10.1029/2002TC001430.
[31]Jamison W R.Mechanical stability of the triangle zone:the back-thrust wedge[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1993,98:20015-20030.
[32]Laubscher H P.Fold development in the Jura[J].Tectonophysics,1977,37:337-362.
[33]Echavarria L,Hernández R,Allmendinger R,et al.Subandean thrust and fold belt of northwestern Argentina:Geometry and tim-ing of the Andean evolution[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2003,87:965-985.
[34]Yan Danping,Zhou Meifu,Song Honglin,et al.Origin and tec-tonic significance of a Mesozoic multi-layer over-thrust system within the Yangtze Block(South China)[J].Tectonophysics,2003,361:239-254.
[35]Yan Danping,Zhang Bing,Zhou Meifu,et al.Constraints on the depth,geometry and kinematics of blind detachment faults provided by fault-propagation folds:An example from the Mesozoic fold belt of South China[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2009,31:150-162.
[36]Jardin A,Chaker R,Krzywiec P.Understanding Seismic Propaga-tion through Triangle Zones[C]//Lacombe O,LavéJ,Roure F,et al.Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins-From Fold Kinematics to Petroleum Systems.New Frontiers in Earth Sciences,Springer Ver-lag,2007:61-72.
[37]Jamison W R.Mechanical models of triangle zone evolution[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1996,44:180-194.
[38]Erickson S G.Mechanics of triangle zones and passive-roof duplex-es:implications of finite element models[J].Tectonophysics,1995,245:1-11.
[39]Couzens-Scbultz B A,Wiltschko D V.The control of the smec-tite-illite transition on passive-roof duplex formation:Canadian Rockies Foothills,Alberta[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2000,22:207-230.
[40]Skuce A G.Frontal Foothills structures in central Alberta:the thin end of the intercutaneous wedge-[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1996,44:153-164.
[41]Smart K J,Dunne W M.Roof sequence response to emplacement of the Wills Mountain duplex:the roles of forethrusting and scales of deformation[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1997,19:1443-1459.
[42]Liu Shumin,Lawton D C,Spratt D A.Three-dimensional geometry of the structural front between Berland River and Smoky River,central Alberta Foothills[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1996,44:299-312.
[43]Lebel D,Langenberg W,Mountjoy E W.Structure of the central Canadian Cordilleran thrust-and-fold belt,Athabasca-Brazeau area,Alberta:a large,complex intercutaneous wedge[J].Bulletin of Cana-dian Petroleum Geology,1996,44:282-298.
[44]Davis D,Engelder T.The role of salt in fold-and-thrust belts[J].Tectonophysics,1985,119:67-88.
[45]Sherkati S,Letouzey J,D Frizon de Lamotte.Central Zagros fold-thrust belt(Iran):New insights from seismic data,field observation,and sandbox modeling[J].Tectonics,2006,25,TC4007,doi:10.1029/2004TC001766.
[46]Costa E,Vendeville B C.Experimental insights on the geometry and kinematics of fold-and-thrust belts above weak,viscous evap oritic décollement[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2002,24:1729-1739.
[47]Koyi H,Sans M.Deformation transfer in viscous detachments:comparison of sandbox models to the South Pyrenean Triangle Zone[C]//Buiter S J H,Schreurs G.Analogue and Numerical Modelling of Crustal-Scale Processes.Geological Society of London Special Publication,2006,253:117-134.
[48]Krzywiec P,Vergés J.Role of the foredeep evaporites in wedge tectonics and formation of triangle zones:comparison of the Carpathian and Pyrenean Thrust Fronts[C]//Lacombe O,LavéJ,Roure F,et al.Thrust belts and foreland basins—from fold kine-matics to petroleum systems.New Frontiers in Earth Sciences,Springer Verlag,2007:383-394.
[49]陈庆宣,王维襄,孙叶等.地质力学的方法与实践——岩石力学与构造应力场分析[M].北京:地质出版社,1998:1-44.
[50]Gross M R,Gutiérrez-Alonso G,Bai Taixu,et al.Influence of me-chanical stratigraphy and kinematics on fault scaling relations[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1997,19(2):171-183.
[51]Chester J S.Mechanical stratigraphy and fault-fold interaction,Ab-saroka thrust sheet,Salt River Range,Wyoming[J].Journal of Struc-tural Geology,2003,25:1171-1192.
[52]Missenard Y,Taki Z,Dominique Frizon de lamotte,et al.Tectonic styles in the Marrakesh High Atlas(Morocco):The role of heritage and mechanical stratigraphy[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2007,48:247-266.
[53]Ferrill D A,Morris A P.Fault zone deformation controlled by car-bonate mechanical stratigraphy,Balcones fault system,Texas[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2008,92:359-380.
[54]Groshong R H Jr.3-D Structural Geology[M].Springer-Verlag,Heidelberg,2006:1-32.
[55]Cook F A,Varsek J L.Orogen-scale décollements[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1994,32:37-60.
[56]Davis D M,Suppe J,Dahlen F A.Mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1983,88:1153-1172.
[57]Mugnier J L,Baby P,Colletta B,et al.Thrust geometry controlled by erosion and sedimentation:a view from analogue models[J].Ge-ology,1997,25:427-430.
[58]Bonini M.Passive roof thrusting and forelandward fold propagation in scaled brittle-ductile physical models of thrust wedges[J].Jour-nal of Geophysical Research,2001,106:2291-2311.
[59]Skuce A G,Goody N P,Maloney J.Passive-roof duplexes under the Rocky Mountain foreland basin,Alberta[J].American Associationof Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1992,76:67-80.
[60]徐峰,马在田.库车坳陷盐下含油气构造地震勘探的关键技术[J].天然气工业,2003,23(3):13-43.
[61]Xu Chunming,Zhou Xinyuan.Seismic interpretation of the Kelasu triangle zone in the southern Tian Shan foothills,northwestern Chi-na[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2007,91:161-171.
[62]Suppe J.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding[J].Ameri-can Journal of Sciences,1983,283:684-721.
[63]陈耿毅,余钦范,蔡希玲,等.地震模拟技术新进展——第67届EAGE年会论文综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(6):439-448.
[64]杨明慧,金之钧,吕修祥,等.库车褶皱冲断带克拉苏三角带及其油气潜力[J].地球科学,2002,27(6):745-750.
[65]Tang Liangjie,Jia Chengzao,Jin Zhijun,et al.Salt tectonic evolu-tion and hydrocarbon accumulation of Kuqa foreland fold belt,Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engi-neering,2004,41:97-108.
[66]刘志宏,卢华复,贾承造,等.库车再生前陆盆地的构造与油气[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):297-303.
[67]贾承造,顾家裕,张光亚.库车拗陷大中型气田形成的地质条件[J].科学通报,2002,47(增刊):49-55.
[68]何光玉,卢华复,李树新,等.库车盆地依南气田构造变形特征及动力学机制[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2004,40(2):247-252.
[69]刘殊.前陆褶皱冲断带构造特征研究——以米仓山、龙门山前陆盆地及其褶皱带为例[D].中国地震局地质研究所,2007:77-84.
[70]李智武,刘树根,罗玉宏,等.南大巴山前陆冲断带构造样式及变形机制分析[J].大地构造与成矿学,2006,30(3):294-304.
[71]刘树根,李智武,刘顺,等.大巴山前陆盆地-冲断带的形成演化[M].北京:地质出版社,2006:89-90.
[72]李岩峰,曲国胜,刘殊,等.米仓山、南大巴山前缘构造特征及其形成机制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2008,32(3):285-292.
[73]Jia Dong,Wei Guoqi,Chen Zhuxin,et al.Longmen Shan fold-thrust belt and its relation to the western Sichuan Basin in central China:New insights from hydrocarbon exploration[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2006,90:1425-1447.
[74]陈竹新,贾东,魏国齐,等.龙门山北段矿山梁构造解析及其油气勘探[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):445-450.
[75]汤良杰,杨克明,金文正,等.龙门山冲断带多层次滑脱带与滑脱构造变形[J].中国科学(D辑),2008,38(增刊):30-40.
[76]肖安成,杨树锋,陈汉林,等.西昆仑山前冲断系的结构特征[J].地学前缘,2000,7(增刊):128-136.
[77]管树巍,李本亮,何登发,等.复杂构造解析中的几何学方法与应用[J].地质科学,2007,42(4):722-739.
[78]董臣强,孙自明,洪太元.准噶尔盆地南缘前陆褶皱冲断带构造滑脱层厘定[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(2):138-142.
[79]吴奇之,王同和,李明杰,等.中国油气盆地构造演化与油气聚集[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:273-274.
[80]潘良云,孙星,孙学栋,等.酒泉盆地窟窿山构造特征与油气成藏规律[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):115-119.
[2]Gordy P L,Frey F R,Norris D K.Geological Guide for the CSPG1977Waterton-Glacier Park Field Conference[M].Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists,Calgary,1977:1-93.
[3]Fallot P.Les chevauchements intercutanés de Roya(Alpes-Mar-itimes)[M].Annales Hébert et Haug,Laboratoire Géologie de la Fac-ultéde Sciences,Universitéde Paris,1949,7:161-170.
[4]Charlesworth H A K,Gagnon L G.Intercutaneous wedges,the tri-angle zone,and structural thickening of the Mynheer coal seam at Coal Valley in the Rocky Mountain Foothills of central Alberta[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1985,33:22-30.
[5]Roeder D H.Rocky Mountains:Der Geologische Aufbau des Kanadischen Felsengebirges[M].Borntraeger,Berlin,1967:318.
[6]McMechan M E.Low-taper triangle zone geometry:an interpreta-tion for the Rocky Mountain Foothills,Pine Pass-Peace River area,British Columbia[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1985,33:31-38.
[7]Banks C J,Warburton J.‘Passive-roof’duplex geometly in the frontal structures of the Kirthar and Sulaiman mountain belts,Pakistan[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1986,8:229-237.
[8]Price R A.The southeastern Canadian Cordillera:thrust faulting,tectonic wedging,and delamination of the lithosphere[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1986,8:239-254.
[9]Lawton D C,Spratt D A,Hopkins J C.Tectonic wedging beneath the Rocky Mountain foreland basin,Alberta,Canada[J].Geology,1994,22:519-522.
[10]Groshong R H Jr,Usdansky S I.Kinematic models of plane-roofed duplex styles[J].Geological Society of America,Special Paper,1988,222:197-206.
[11]Shaw J H,Connors C,Suppe J.Seismic interpretation of contrac tional fault-related folds:An AAPG seismic atlas[M].American Asso-ciation of Petroleum Geologists Studies in Geology,2005:52-55.
[12]Couzens B A,Wiltschko D V.The control of mechanical stratigra-phy on the formation of triangle zones[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1996,44:165-179.
[13]Butler R W H.The terminology of structures in thrust belts[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1982,4:239-245.
[14]Couzens-Schultz B A.The Effects of Mechanical Stratigraphy on the Origin of Triangle Zones in Thrust Belts[D].Ph.D.dissertation,Texas A&M University,College Station,TX,1997:1-39.
[15]梅廉夫,戴少武,沈传波,等.中、下扬子区中、新生代陆内对冲带的形成及解体[J].地质科技简报,2008,27(4):1-7.
[16]Chen A.Mirror-image thrusting in the South China Orogenic Belt:tectonic evidence from western Fujian,southeastern China[J].Tectonophysics,1999,305:497-519.
[17]Barnes P M,Nicol A.Formation of an active thrusts triangle zone associated with structural inversion in a subduction setting,eastern New Zealand[J].Tectonics,2004,23,TC1015,doi:10.1029/2002TC001449.
[18]Stockmal G S,Lebel D,McMechan M E,et al.Structural style and evolution of the triangle zone and external Foothills,southwestern Alberta:Implications for thin-skinned thrust-and-fold belt me-chanics[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,2001,49:472-496.
[19]Couzens-Schultz B A,Vendeville B C,Wiltschko D V.Duplex style and triangle zone formation:insights from physical modeling[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2003,25:1623-1644.
[20]Zapata T R,Allmendinger R W.Thrust-front zone of the Pre-cordillera,Argentina:A thick-skinned triangle zone[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1996,80:359-381.
[21]Jones P B.Oil and gas beneath east-dipping underthrust faults in the Alberta Foothills[C]//Powers R B.Geologic Studies of the Cordilleran Thrust Belt1.Rocky Mountain Association of Petroleum Geologists,1982:61-74.
[22]Jones P B.Triangle zone geometry,terminology and kinematics[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1996,44:139-152.
[23]Cooper M.Passive-roof duplexes and pseudo-passive-roof duplex-es at mountain fronts:a review[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1996,44:410-421.
[24]Bonini M.Deformation patterns and structural vergence in brittle-ductile thrust wedges:An additional analogue modeling perspective[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2007,29:141-158.
[25]Dahlstrom C D A.Structural geology in the eastern margin of the Canadian Rocky Mountains[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Ge-ology,1970,18:332-406.
[26]Boyer S E,Elliott D.Thrust systems[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1982,66:1196-1230.
[27]Morley C K.A classification of thrust fronts[J].American Associa-tion of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1986,70:12-25.
[28]Martinez-Torres L M,Ramon-Lluch R,Eguiluz L.Tectonic wedges:geometry and kinematic interpretation[J].Journal of Struc-tural Geology,1994,16:1491-1494.
[29]Varsek J L.Structural wedges in the Cordilleran crust,southwestern Canada[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1996,44:349-362.
[30]Moore V M,Wiltschko D V.Syncollisional delamination and tec-tonic wedge development in convergent orogens[J].Tectonics,2004,23,TC2005,doi:10.1029/2002TC001430.
[31]Jamison W R.Mechanical stability of the triangle zone:the back-thrust wedge[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1993,98:20015-20030.
[32]Laubscher H P.Fold development in the Jura[J].Tectonophysics,1977,37:337-362.
[33]Echavarria L,Hernández R,Allmendinger R,et al.Subandean thrust and fold belt of northwestern Argentina:Geometry and tim-ing of the Andean evolution[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2003,87:965-985.
[34]Yan Danping,Zhou Meifu,Song Honglin,et al.Origin and tec-tonic significance of a Mesozoic multi-layer over-thrust system within the Yangtze Block(South China)[J].Tectonophysics,2003,361:239-254.
[35]Yan Danping,Zhang Bing,Zhou Meifu,et al.Constraints on the depth,geometry and kinematics of blind detachment faults provided by fault-propagation folds:An example from the Mesozoic fold belt of South China[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2009,31:150-162.
[36]Jardin A,Chaker R,Krzywiec P.Understanding Seismic Propaga-tion through Triangle Zones[C]//Lacombe O,LavéJ,Roure F,et al.Thrust Belts and Foreland Basins-From Fold Kinematics to Petroleum Systems.New Frontiers in Earth Sciences,Springer Ver-lag,2007:61-72.
[37]Jamison W R.Mechanical models of triangle zone evolution[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1996,44:180-194.
[38]Erickson S G.Mechanics of triangle zones and passive-roof duplex-es:implications of finite element models[J].Tectonophysics,1995,245:1-11.
[39]Couzens-Scbultz B A,Wiltschko D V.The control of the smec-tite-illite transition on passive-roof duplex formation:Canadian Rockies Foothills,Alberta[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2000,22:207-230.
[40]Skuce A G.Frontal Foothills structures in central Alberta:the thin end of the intercutaneous wedge-[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1996,44:153-164.
[41]Smart K J,Dunne W M.Roof sequence response to emplacement of the Wills Mountain duplex:the roles of forethrusting and scales of deformation[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1997,19:1443-1459.
[42]Liu Shumin,Lawton D C,Spratt D A.Three-dimensional geometry of the structural front between Berland River and Smoky River,central Alberta Foothills[J].Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,1996,44:299-312.
[43]Lebel D,Langenberg W,Mountjoy E W.Structure of the central Canadian Cordilleran thrust-and-fold belt,Athabasca-Brazeau area,Alberta:a large,complex intercutaneous wedge[J].Bulletin of Cana-dian Petroleum Geology,1996,44:282-298.
[44]Davis D,Engelder T.The role of salt in fold-and-thrust belts[J].Tectonophysics,1985,119:67-88.
[45]Sherkati S,Letouzey J,D Frizon de Lamotte.Central Zagros fold-thrust belt(Iran):New insights from seismic data,field observation,and sandbox modeling[J].Tectonics,2006,25,TC4007,doi:10.1029/2004TC001766.
[46]Costa E,Vendeville B C.Experimental insights on the geometry and kinematics of fold-and-thrust belts above weak,viscous evap oritic décollement[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2002,24:1729-1739.
[47]Koyi H,Sans M.Deformation transfer in viscous detachments:comparison of sandbox models to the South Pyrenean Triangle Zone[C]//Buiter S J H,Schreurs G.Analogue and Numerical Modelling of Crustal-Scale Processes.Geological Society of London Special Publication,2006,253:117-134.
[48]Krzywiec P,Vergés J.Role of the foredeep evaporites in wedge tectonics and formation of triangle zones:comparison of the Carpathian and Pyrenean Thrust Fronts[C]//Lacombe O,LavéJ,Roure F,et al.Thrust belts and foreland basins—from fold kine-matics to petroleum systems.New Frontiers in Earth Sciences,Springer Verlag,2007:383-394.
[49]陈庆宣,王维襄,孙叶等.地质力学的方法与实践——岩石力学与构造应力场分析[M].北京:地质出版社,1998:1-44.
[50]Gross M R,Gutiérrez-Alonso G,Bai Taixu,et al.Influence of me-chanical stratigraphy and kinematics on fault scaling relations[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1997,19(2):171-183.
[51]Chester J S.Mechanical stratigraphy and fault-fold interaction,Ab-saroka thrust sheet,Salt River Range,Wyoming[J].Journal of Struc-tural Geology,2003,25:1171-1192.
[52]Missenard Y,Taki Z,Dominique Frizon de lamotte,et al.Tectonic styles in the Marrakesh High Atlas(Morocco):The role of heritage and mechanical stratigraphy[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2007,48:247-266.
[53]Ferrill D A,Morris A P.Fault zone deformation controlled by car-bonate mechanical stratigraphy,Balcones fault system,Texas[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2008,92:359-380.
[54]Groshong R H Jr.3-D Structural Geology[M].Springer-Verlag,Heidelberg,2006:1-32.
[55]Cook F A,Varsek J L.Orogen-scale décollements[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1994,32:37-60.
[56]Davis D M,Suppe J,Dahlen F A.Mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1983,88:1153-1172.
[57]Mugnier J L,Baby P,Colletta B,et al.Thrust geometry controlled by erosion and sedimentation:a view from analogue models[J].Ge-ology,1997,25:427-430.
[58]Bonini M.Passive roof thrusting and forelandward fold propagation in scaled brittle-ductile physical models of thrust wedges[J].Jour-nal of Geophysical Research,2001,106:2291-2311.
[59]Skuce A G,Goody N P,Maloney J.Passive-roof duplexes under the Rocky Mountain foreland basin,Alberta[J].American Associationof Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1992,76:67-80.
[60]徐峰,马在田.库车坳陷盐下含油气构造地震勘探的关键技术[J].天然气工业,2003,23(3):13-43.
[61]Xu Chunming,Zhou Xinyuan.Seismic interpretation of the Kelasu triangle zone in the southern Tian Shan foothills,northwestern Chi-na[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2007,91:161-171.
[62]Suppe J.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding[J].Ameri-can Journal of Sciences,1983,283:684-721.
[63]陈耿毅,余钦范,蔡希玲,等.地震模拟技术新进展——第67届EAGE年会论文综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(6):439-448.
[64]杨明慧,金之钧,吕修祥,等.库车褶皱冲断带克拉苏三角带及其油气潜力[J].地球科学,2002,27(6):745-750.
[65]Tang Liangjie,Jia Chengzao,Jin Zhijun,et al.Salt tectonic evolu-tion and hydrocarbon accumulation of Kuqa foreland fold belt,Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engi-neering,2004,41:97-108.
[66]刘志宏,卢华复,贾承造,等.库车再生前陆盆地的构造与油气[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):297-303.
[67]贾承造,顾家裕,张光亚.库车拗陷大中型气田形成的地质条件[J].科学通报,2002,47(增刊):49-55.
[68]何光玉,卢华复,李树新,等.库车盆地依南气田构造变形特征及动力学机制[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2004,40(2):247-252.
[69]刘殊.前陆褶皱冲断带构造特征研究——以米仓山、龙门山前陆盆地及其褶皱带为例[D].中国地震局地质研究所,2007:77-84.
[70]李智武,刘树根,罗玉宏,等.南大巴山前陆冲断带构造样式及变形机制分析[J].大地构造与成矿学,2006,30(3):294-304.
[71]刘树根,李智武,刘顺,等.大巴山前陆盆地-冲断带的形成演化[M].北京:地质出版社,2006:89-90.
[72]李岩峰,曲国胜,刘殊,等.米仓山、南大巴山前缘构造特征及其形成机制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2008,32(3):285-292.
[73]Jia Dong,Wei Guoqi,Chen Zhuxin,et al.Longmen Shan fold-thrust belt and its relation to the western Sichuan Basin in central China:New insights from hydrocarbon exploration[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,2006,90:1425-1447.
[74]陈竹新,贾东,魏国齐,等.龙门山北段矿山梁构造解析及其油气勘探[J].地学前缘,2005,12(4):445-450.
[75]汤良杰,杨克明,金文正,等.龙门山冲断带多层次滑脱带与滑脱构造变形[J].中国科学(D辑),2008,38(增刊):30-40.
[76]肖安成,杨树锋,陈汉林,等.西昆仑山前冲断系的结构特征[J].地学前缘,2000,7(增刊):128-136.
[77]管树巍,李本亮,何登发,等.复杂构造解析中的几何学方法与应用[J].地质科学,2007,42(4):722-739.
[78]董臣强,孙自明,洪太元.准噶尔盆地南缘前陆褶皱冲断带构造滑脱层厘定[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(2):138-142.
[79]吴奇之,王同和,李明杰,等.中国油气盆地构造演化与油气聚集[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:273-274.
[80]潘良云,孙星,孙学栋,等.酒泉盆地窟窿山构造特征与油气成藏规律[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):115-119.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心