CSAMT在某重大城市活动断层探测中的应用
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摘要
某城市位于我国南北地震带中段东侧,是一个中强地震频发的地区,1996年被国务院列为全国地震重点检测防御城市,因此该城市的地震活动断层的探测任务非常紧迫.为了对该城市的活动断层进行探测和评价,需查明区内断裂的准确位置、产状以及覆盖层厚度.采用CSAMT方法进行了勘察工作,由于区内人文干扰和电磁干扰严重,野外施工时采用了多种手段以保证观测数据的可信度;采用CSAMT全资料反演程序对野外数据进行反演.分析反演结果并结合已知地质资料,描述了3个背斜形态,识别出了多条断层.
The city is located on the east side of the middle part of the north-south seismic belt, which is an area where earthquakes occur frequently.It is listed as one of the key cities for monitoring and preventing earthquakes by State Council in 1996.The detection work for the seismic active faults is very urgent.In order to detect and appraise the active faults in the city, the precise location, occurrence and thickness of the overburden of the faults in the area should be found out.The authors used the CSAMT method for the survey work, and adopted a variety of skills to ensure the reliability of the observation data during the field work for the man-made and electromagnetic interference is severe.And the authors also use the full data inversion program to inverse the data.The information such as the precise location is given by analyzing the inversion results combining with the known geological data.
The city is located on the east side of the middle part of the north-south seismic belt, which is an area where earthquakes occur frequently.It is listed as one of the key cities for monitoring and preventing earthquakes by State Council in 1996.The detection work for the seismic active faults is very urgent.In order to detect and appraise the active faults in the city, the precise location, occurrence and thickness of the overburden of the faults in the area should be found out.The authors used the CSAMT method for the survey work, and adopted a variety of skills to ensure the reliability of the observation data during the field work for the man-made and electromagnetic interference is severe.And the authors also use the full data inversion program to inverse the data.The information such as the precise location is given by analyzing the inversion results combining with the known geological data.
引文
[1] 邓起东,徐锡伟,张先康,等.城市活动断裂探测的方法和技术[J].地学前缘,2003,10(1) :93～104． Deng Q D, Xu X W, Zhang X K, et al.Methods and techniques for surveying and prospecting active faults in urban areas[J].Earth Science Frontiers (China University of Geosciences,Beijing) (in Chinese), 2003 ,10(1) : 93～104．
[2] 易兵,曾昭发,李恩泽,等.电法探测城市活断层的应用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2005,35(sup):115～118． Yi Bing, Zeng Zhao-Fa, Li En-Ze, et al.The survey and research for alive fault in city by electrical prospecting[J].Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edit ion) (in Chinese), 2005, 35(sup) :115～118．
[3] 徐明才,高景华,刘建勋,等.应用于城市活断层调查的地震方法技术[J].中国地震,2005,21(1) :17～23． Xu M C, Gao J H, Liu J X, etal.Application of the seismic method to detecting active faults[J].Earthquake Research in China (in Chinese), 2005, 21(1) :17～23．
[4] 吴子泉,刘元生,刘保金,等.地球物理方法在城市地震活动断层精确定位中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :528～533．Wu Z Q, Liu Y S, Liu B J, et al.Application of geophysical method to the precise positioning of urban seismic mobile moving fault[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2005, 20(2) :528～533．
[5] 李帝铨,底青云,王光杰,等.CSAMT探测断层在北京新区规划中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(6) :1963～1969．Li D Q, Di Q Y, Wang G J, et al.Fault detection by CSAMT and its application to new district planning in Beijing[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2008, 23 (6) : 1963 ～1969．
[6] 底青云,王若.可控源音频大地电磁数据正反演及方法应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2008．Di Q Y,Wang R.CSAMT forward modeling and inversion and its application (in Chinese)[M].Beijing : Science Press, 2008．
[7] 何继善.可控源音频大地电磁法[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1990．He J S.Control Source Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric[M].Changsha: Central South University of Technology Press,1990．
[8] 石昆法.可控源音频大地电磁法理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1999． Shi K F.Theory and Application of CSAMT Method[M].Beijing: Science Press, 1999．
[9] 朴化荣.电磁测深法原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1990． Piao H R.The Principle of Electromagnetic sounding[M].Beijing: Geological Press, 1990．
[10] 吴璐萍,石昆法.可控源音频大地电磁法在地下水勘查中的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(5) :712～717． Wu L P, Shi K F.Application of CSAMT to the search for ground water[J].Chinese J.Geophys (in Chinese), 1996,39(5) : 712～717．
[11] 徐世浙,刘斌.电导率分层连续变化的水平层的大地电磁正演[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(3) :262～268．Xu S Z, Liu B.A numerical method for calculation MT field on a layer model with continuous change of conductivity in each layer[J].Chinese J.Geophys (in Chinese), 1995, 38 (3) :262～268．
[12] 底青云,王妙月,石昆法,等.高分辨率V6系统在矿山顶板涌水隐患中的应用研究.地球物理学报,2002,45(5) :1～5．Di Q Y, Wang M Y, Shi K F, et al.An applied study on prevention of water bursting disaster in mines with the high resolution V6 system.Chinese J.Geophys (in Chinese), 2002,45(5) : 1～5．
[13] 底青云,石昆法,王妙月,等.CSAMT法和高密度电法探测地下水资源[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(3) :53～54．Di Q Y, Shi K F, Wang M Y, et al.Water resources exploration with CSAMT and High Density Electric Resistivity Method[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2001,16(3) : 53～54
[14] 底青云,王妙月,石昆法,等.V6多功能系统及其在CSAMT勘查应用中的效果[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(4) :663～670． Di Q Y, Wang M Y, Shi K F, et al.Mutifunction System-V6 and Its Effectiveness in CSAMT Exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2002,17(4) : 663～670．
[15] 刘延忠,冯辉.在城市地质工作中应重视一种新型电磁法-可控源音频大地电磁法的应用[J].城市地质,2006,1(1) :41～48．Liu T Z, Feng H.A new electromagnetic method in urban geological work-the application of the CSAMT[J].City Geology (in Chinese), ,2006,1(1) :41～48．
[16] 谭儒蛟,胡瑞林,徐文杰,等.金沙江龙蟠变形体隐伏构造CSAMT探测与解译[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :283～288 Tan R J, Hu R L, Xu W J, et al.CSAMT exploration and geological interpretation of perdue tectonic structures of Longpan deformation slope in Jinsha River[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007,22(1) :283～288．
[17] 王光杰,王勇,李帝铨,等.基于遗传算法CSAMT反演计算研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,24(4) ,1285～1289． Wang G J,Wang Y, Li D Q,et al.The application of Genetic Algorithm to CSAMT inversion[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese), 2006, 24(4) : 1285～1289．
[18] 李帝铨,王光杰,底青云,等.基于遗传算法的CSAMT最小构造反演[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4) ,1234～1245． LiD Q, DIi Q Y , Wang G J, et al.The application of Genetic Algorithm to CSAMT inversion for minimum structure[J].Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese), 2008,51(4) , 1234～1245．
[19] 王若,王妙月.一维全资料CSAMT反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1) :107～114． Wang R, Wang M Y.Inversion of 1-D full CSAMT data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese) ,2007 , 42(1) :107 ～114．
[20] 吴子泉,尹成.电阻率横向剖面法及其在隐伏断层探测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2) :625～631． Wu Z Q, Yin C.Application of Schlumberger transverse profiling method to detecting buried faults[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2007, 50(2) :625～631．
[21] 吴子泉,谭捍东,王威虎.电阻率横向剖面法在倾斜断层精确探测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4) :1296～1301．Wu Z Q, Tan D, Wang C H.Application of electric resistivity transverse profiling method to detect oblique faults precisely[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2006,21 (4) : 1296～ 1301．
[22] 白登海,王立凤,孙洁,等.城市活断层探测中电磁噪音和环境干扰对浅层电磁方法的影响[J].地震地质,2002,24(4) : 549～556． Bai D Heng-Hai, Wang Li-Feng, Sun Jie.Effects of urban noise on electromagnetic methods[J].Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2002,24(4) :549～556．
[23] Yutaka S, Yoshihiro Y et al.Resistivity imaging of controlled source audio frequency magnetotelluric data[J].Geophysics, 1992 (7) :952～955．
[24] WannamakerP.Tensor CSAMT survey over the Sulphur Springs thermal area,Valles Caldera, New Mexico,U.S.A., Part Ⅰ : Implications for structure of the western caldera[J].Geophysics, 1997 (2) : 451～465．
[25] 罗延钟,周玉水,万乐.一种新的CSAMT资料近场校正方法.勘查地球物理勘查地球化学文集第20集[M].北京:地质出版社,1996 Luo Y Z, Zhou Y B, Wan L.A new method for the near-field correction of CSAMT.The corpus of explorations geophysics and geochemistry (the 20th)[M].Beijing: Geological Press, 1996．
[26] 冯思臣,王绪本,阮帅.一维大地电磁测深几种反演算法的比较研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5) :594～599． Feng S C, Wang X B, Ruan S.Comparison among several inversion algorithms of 1D M[J]T.Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese) , 2004, 39 (5) : 594～599．
[27] 刘云峰,曹春蕾.一维大地电磁测深的遗传算法反演[J].浙江大学学报,1997,31(3) :300～304． Liu Y F, Cao C L.Inversion of one-dimensional MT data using genetic algorithms[J].Journal of Zhejiang University (in Chinese) , 1997,31(3) :300～304．
[28] 师学明,王家映,张胜业,等.多尺度逐次逼近遗传算法反演大地电磁资料[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(1) :122～130． Shi X M, Wang J Y, Zhang S Y, et al.Multiscale genetic algorithm and its application in magnetotelluric sounding data inversion[J].Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese).2000, 43 (1) : 122～13．
[2] 易兵,曾昭发,李恩泽,等.电法探测城市活断层的应用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2005,35(sup):115～118． Yi Bing, Zeng Zhao-Fa, Li En-Ze, et al.The survey and research for alive fault in city by electrical prospecting[J].Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edit ion) (in Chinese), 2005, 35(sup) :115～118．
[3] 徐明才,高景华,刘建勋,等.应用于城市活断层调查的地震方法技术[J].中国地震,2005,21(1) :17～23． Xu M C, Gao J H, Liu J X, etal.Application of the seismic method to detecting active faults[J].Earthquake Research in China (in Chinese), 2005, 21(1) :17～23．
[4] 吴子泉,刘元生,刘保金,等.地球物理方法在城市地震活动断层精确定位中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :528～533．Wu Z Q, Liu Y S, Liu B J, et al.Application of geophysical method to the precise positioning of urban seismic mobile moving fault[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2005, 20(2) :528～533．
[5] 李帝铨,底青云,王光杰,等.CSAMT探测断层在北京新区规划中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(6) :1963～1969．Li D Q, Di Q Y, Wang G J, et al.Fault detection by CSAMT and its application to new district planning in Beijing[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2008, 23 (6) : 1963 ～1969．
[6] 底青云,王若.可控源音频大地电磁数据正反演及方法应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2008．Di Q Y,Wang R.CSAMT forward modeling and inversion and its application (in Chinese)[M].Beijing : Science Press, 2008．
[7] 何继善.可控源音频大地电磁法[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社,1990．He J S.Control Source Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric[M].Changsha: Central South University of Technology Press,1990．
[8] 石昆法.可控源音频大地电磁法理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1999． Shi K F.Theory and Application of CSAMT Method[M].Beijing: Science Press, 1999．
[9] 朴化荣.电磁测深法原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1990． Piao H R.The Principle of Electromagnetic sounding[M].Beijing: Geological Press, 1990．
[10] 吴璐萍,石昆法.可控源音频大地电磁法在地下水勘查中的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(5) :712～717． Wu L P, Shi K F.Application of CSAMT to the search for ground water[J].Chinese J.Geophys (in Chinese), 1996,39(5) : 712～717．
[11] 徐世浙,刘斌.电导率分层连续变化的水平层的大地电磁正演[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(3) :262～268．Xu S Z, Liu B.A numerical method for calculation MT field on a layer model with continuous change of conductivity in each layer[J].Chinese J.Geophys (in Chinese), 1995, 38 (3) :262～268．
[12] 底青云,王妙月,石昆法,等.高分辨率V6系统在矿山顶板涌水隐患中的应用研究.地球物理学报,2002,45(5) :1～5．Di Q Y, Wang M Y, Shi K F, et al.An applied study on prevention of water bursting disaster in mines with the high resolution V6 system.Chinese J.Geophys (in Chinese), 2002,45(5) : 1～5．
[13] 底青云,石昆法,王妙月,等.CSAMT法和高密度电法探测地下水资源[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(3) :53～54．Di Q Y, Shi K F, Wang M Y, et al.Water resources exploration with CSAMT and High Density Electric Resistivity Method[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2001,16(3) : 53～54
[14] 底青云,王妙月,石昆法,等.V6多功能系统及其在CSAMT勘查应用中的效果[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(4) :663～670． Di Q Y, Wang M Y, Shi K F, et al.Mutifunction System-V6 and Its Effectiveness in CSAMT Exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2002,17(4) : 663～670．
[15] 刘延忠,冯辉.在城市地质工作中应重视一种新型电磁法-可控源音频大地电磁法的应用[J].城市地质,2006,1(1) :41～48．Liu T Z, Feng H.A new electromagnetic method in urban geological work-the application of the CSAMT[J].City Geology (in Chinese), ,2006,1(1) :41～48．
[16] 谭儒蛟,胡瑞林,徐文杰,等.金沙江龙蟠变形体隐伏构造CSAMT探测与解译[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1) :283～288 Tan R J, Hu R L, Xu W J, et al.CSAMT exploration and geological interpretation of perdue tectonic structures of Longpan deformation slope in Jinsha River[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007,22(1) :283～288．
[17] 王光杰,王勇,李帝铨,等.基于遗传算法CSAMT反演计算研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,24(4) ,1285～1289． Wang G J,Wang Y, Li D Q,et al.The application of Genetic Algorithm to CSAMT inversion[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese), 2006, 24(4) : 1285～1289．
[18] 李帝铨,王光杰,底青云,等.基于遗传算法的CSAMT最小构造反演[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4) ,1234～1245． LiD Q, DIi Q Y , Wang G J, et al.The application of Genetic Algorithm to CSAMT inversion for minimum structure[J].Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese), 2008,51(4) , 1234～1245．
[19] 王若,王妙月.一维全资料CSAMT反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1) :107～114． Wang R, Wang M Y.Inversion of 1-D full CSAMT data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese) ,2007 , 42(1) :107 ～114．
[20] 吴子泉,尹成.电阻率横向剖面法及其在隐伏断层探测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2) :625～631． Wu Z Q, Yin C.Application of Schlumberger transverse profiling method to detecting buried faults[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 2007, 50(2) :625～631．
[21] 吴子泉,谭捍东,王威虎.电阻率横向剖面法在倾斜断层精确探测中的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(4) :1296～1301．Wu Z Q, Tan D, Wang C H.Application of electric resistivity transverse profiling method to detect oblique faults precisely[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2006,21 (4) : 1296～ 1301．
[22] 白登海,王立凤,孙洁,等.城市活断层探测中电磁噪音和环境干扰对浅层电磁方法的影响[J].地震地质,2002,24(4) : 549～556． Bai D Heng-Hai, Wang Li-Feng, Sun Jie.Effects of urban noise on electromagnetic methods[J].Seismology and Geology (in Chinese), 2002,24(4) :549～556．
[23] Yutaka S, Yoshihiro Y et al.Resistivity imaging of controlled source audio frequency magnetotelluric data[J].Geophysics, 1992 (7) :952～955．
[24] WannamakerP.Tensor CSAMT survey over the Sulphur Springs thermal area,Valles Caldera, New Mexico,U.S.A., Part Ⅰ : Implications for structure of the western caldera[J].Geophysics, 1997 (2) : 451～465．
[25] 罗延钟,周玉水,万乐.一种新的CSAMT资料近场校正方法.勘查地球物理勘查地球化学文集第20集[M].北京:地质出版社,1996 Luo Y Z, Zhou Y B, Wan L.A new method for the near-field correction of CSAMT.The corpus of explorations geophysics and geochemistry (the 20th)[M].Beijing: Geological Press, 1996．
[26] 冯思臣,王绪本,阮帅.一维大地电磁测深几种反演算法的比较研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(5) :594～599． Feng S C, Wang X B, Ruan S.Comparison among several inversion algorithms of 1D M[J]T.Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese) , 2004, 39 (5) : 594～599．
[27] 刘云峰,曹春蕾.一维大地电磁测深的遗传算法反演[J].浙江大学学报,1997,31(3) :300～304． Liu Y F, Cao C L.Inversion of one-dimensional MT data using genetic algorithms[J].Journal of Zhejiang University (in Chinese) , 1997,31(3) :300～304．
[28] 师学明,王家映,张胜业,等.多尺度逐次逼近遗传算法反演大地电磁资料[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(1) :122～130． Shi X M, Wang J Y, Zhang S Y, et al.Multiscale genetic algorithm and its application in magnetotelluric sounding data inversion[J].Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese).2000, 43 (1) : 122～13．
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