各向异性叠前时间偏移在塔里木碳酸盐岩资料处理中的应用
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摘要
以实际地震资料为例,应用基于VTI介质的叠前时间偏移理论,对地震资料处理过程中的关键环节进行探讨,论述相对振幅保持和各向异性参数求取方法,展示一套可供推广的处理技术流程.在预处理中,不能使用混波效应强的叠前压噪方法,振幅补偿应考虑偏移算法的几何扩散补偿功能,地表一致性振幅补偿只能补偿炮检项,地表一致性反褶积和预测反褶积串联使用是适宜的反褶积方法.叠前偏移中,由井震地层厚度对比计算各向异性参数,由CMP道集扫描各向异性参数,用CRP道集剩余延迟分析优化各向异性参数,提高偏移速度场精度.处理实践证实,相对振幅的各向异性叠前时间偏移,保留了丰富的振幅信息,改进了偏移速度和偏移算子,能有效改善塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩地震成像品质,使"串珠"反射特征清晰,为AVO反演提供了更好的道集,可提高地震储层描述的精度.
Taking the actual seismic data as example,several important problems about preprocessing and migration have been discussed in this paper.Maintaining the relative amplitude is very important in preprocessing.Surface consistent amplitude compensation is necessary,but only of the need for source and receiver compensation.Process flow mute should pay attention to the migration and can compensate geometric.Surface consistent deconvolution unified the wavelet shape well,predictive deconvolution compress wavelet length better,it is appropriate to combine the two methods.Noise suppression must be carry out before stack,and avoid the use of mixed methods.Anisotropic parameters computation is the key.Stratum thickness difference computed from well picks and seismic synthesize can be used to calculate anisotropic parameters.CMP gather velocity scanning can be used to calculate anisotropic parameters.By CRP gather residual delay time analysis,we can optimize the anisotropic parameters and improve the accuracy of migration velocity field.Pre-stack time migration based on VTI model theory confirmed that anisotropic correction betterment the migration velocity,enhanced the migration operator.This method improved seismic imaging,"bead" reflect more clearly.Far-offset trace correct flat and provide a better gather for AVO inversion.
Taking the actual seismic data as example,several important problems about preprocessing and migration have been discussed in this paper.Maintaining the relative amplitude is very important in preprocessing.Surface consistent amplitude compensation is necessary,but only of the need for source and receiver compensation.Process flow mute should pay attention to the migration and can compensate geometric.Surface consistent deconvolution unified the wavelet shape well,predictive deconvolution compress wavelet length better,it is appropriate to combine the two methods.Noise suppression must be carry out before stack,and avoid the use of mixed methods.Anisotropic parameters computation is the key.Stratum thickness difference computed from well picks and seismic synthesize can be used to calculate anisotropic parameters.CMP gather velocity scanning can be used to calculate anisotropic parameters.By CRP gather residual delay time analysis,we can optimize the anisotropic parameters and improve the accuracy of migration velocity field.Pre-stack time migration based on VTI model theory confirmed that anisotropic correction betterment the migration velocity,enhanced the migration operator.This method improved seismic imaging,"bead" reflect more clearly.Far-offset trace correct flat and provide a better gather for AVO inversion.
引文
[1]刁文川,刘哲生,蔡希玲,等.浅述地震各向异性[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(增刊):106-110.
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[4]王玉学,周瑞芬,张廷全.三维上行波的高阶近似[J].大庆石油学院学报,2003,27(2):120-122.
[5]魏淑惠,王玉学,张廷全.45°上行波方程的隐式差分格式[J].大庆石油学院学报,2003,27(2):123-124.
[6]渥.伊尔马滋.地震资料分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.
[7]Thomsen.Weak elastic anisotropy[J].Geophysics,1986,51:1954-1966.
[8]梁锴,吴国忱,印兴耀,等.三维TTI介质波动方程分解[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(1):19-27.
[9]毕研斌,龙胜祥,郭彤楼,等.地震方位各向异性技术在TNB地区嘉二段储层裂缝检测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(2):190-195.
[10]Tsvankin.P-wave signatures and notation fro transversely isotropic media:an overview[J].Geophysics,1996,61:467-483.
[11]Alkhalifah,Larner.Migration error in transversely isotropic media[J].Geophysics,1994,59:1405-1418.
[2]罗小明,王世瑞.纵波VTI介质各向异性参数的求取[J].物探与化探,2006,30(3):233-235.
[3]法林,岳伏生,阙征,等.岩石的各向异性对地震勘探信号的影响[J].石油仪器,2007,2(6):54-56.
[4]王玉学,周瑞芬,张廷全.三维上行波的高阶近似[J].大庆石油学院学报,2003,27(2):120-122.
[5]魏淑惠,王玉学,张廷全.45°上行波方程的隐式差分格式[J].大庆石油学院学报,2003,27(2):123-124.
[6]渥.伊尔马滋.地震资料分析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.
[7]Thomsen.Weak elastic anisotropy[J].Geophysics,1986,51:1954-1966.
[8]梁锴,吴国忱,印兴耀,等.三维TTI介质波动方程分解[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(1):19-27.
[9]毕研斌,龙胜祥,郭彤楼,等.地震方位各向异性技术在TNB地区嘉二段储层裂缝检测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(2):190-195.
[10]Tsvankin.P-wave signatures and notation fro transversely isotropic media:an overview[J].Geophysics,1996,61:467-483.
[11]Alkhalifah,Larner.Migration error in transversely isotropic media[J].Geophysics,1994,59:1405-1418.
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