柴达木盆地路乐河组粗碎屑沉积成因与青藏高原隆升时限
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摘要
通过调研野外剖面、钻井岩心、测井及地震等资料,结合分析测试,对古近系路乐河组进行了岩石学、沉积相和测井相方面的综合研究,认为柴达木盆地路乐河组具有显著的山前近源粗碎屑沉积特征,主要发育氧化环境下的典型冲积扇,并往往与下伏中生代地层或古生代基岩呈角度不整合接触,这些沉积特征记录了在白垩纪与新近纪之交柴达木盆地经历的由印度—欧亚板块碰撞而引起的大范围强烈的构造运动。
In this study,rock assemblage were interpreted credibly in various aspects,including lithological association,sedimentary facies,well logging and geophysical prospecting,on the basis of outcrops,core drilling and seismic data.The results of Paleogene study in Qaidam basin indicate that the coarse clastic sediments in the lower segment of Lulehe Formation have a nearby source and make typical alluvial fans under the oxidation environment.The Mesozoic strata or Paleozoic rocks are defined by an angular unconformity which is overlain by the segment of Lulehe Formation.Basin comprehensive analysis shows Qaidam basin experienced a large-scale intense tectonic movement at the turn of the Cretaceous and the Paleogene.And the sediment records of Lulehe Formation is the response of the collision between India and Eurasian plates.
In this study,rock assemblage were interpreted credibly in various aspects,including lithological association,sedimentary facies,well logging and geophysical prospecting,on the basis of outcrops,core drilling and seismic data.The results of Paleogene study in Qaidam basin indicate that the coarse clastic sediments in the lower segment of Lulehe Formation have a nearby source and make typical alluvial fans under the oxidation environment.The Mesozoic strata or Paleozoic rocks are defined by an angular unconformity which is overlain by the segment of Lulehe Formation.Basin comprehensive analysis shows Qaidam basin experienced a large-scale intense tectonic movement at the turn of the Cretaceous and the Paleogene.And the sediment records of Lulehe Formation is the response of the collision between India and Eurasian plates.
引文
[1]Mo Xuanxue.A review and prospect of geological researcheson the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Geology in China,2010,37
(4):841-851.[莫宣学.青藏高原地质研究的回顾与展望[J].中国地质,2010,37(4):841-851.]
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[3]Liu Yanxue,Hou Zengqian,Wang Guanghui,et al.Basin evolu-tions of the Tuotuohe river basin and sedimentary response to theuplifting of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Paleogene-Neogene[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2011,18(4):65-76.[刘燕学,侯增谦,王光辉,等.沱沱河盆地古近纪—新近纪盆地演化及青藏高原隆升的沉积响应[J].地学前缘,2011,18(4):65-76.]
[4]Wang Guocan,Cao Kai,Zhang Kexin,et al.Spatio-temporalframework of tectonic uplift stages of the Tibetan Plateau inCenozoic[J].Scientia Sinica Terrae,2011,41(3):332-349.[王国灿,曹凯,张克信,等.青藏高原新生代构造隆升阶段的时空格局[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(3):332-349.]
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[7]He Zhonghua,Liu Zhaojun,Guo Wei,et al.The genetic typeof the Mesozoic basin in northern Chaidamu and its tectonic-sedimentary evolution[J].Journal of Jilin University:EarthScience Edition,2002,32(4):333-339.[和钟铧,刘招君,郭巍,等.柴达木北缘中生代盆地的成因类型及构造沉积演化[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2002,32(4):333-339.]
[8]Yuan Jianying,Chen Qilin,Chen Yingbin,et al.Petroleum ge-ological character and favorable exploration domains of Qaid-am basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(5):640-644.[袁剑英,陈启林,陈迎宾,等.柴达木盆地油气地质特征与有利勘探领域[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(5):640-644.]
[9]Feng Zengzhao.Single factor analysis and multifactor compre-hensive mapping method-reconstruction of quantitative litho-facies palaeogeography[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2004,6(1):3-19.[冯增昭.单因素分析多因素综合作图法——定量岩相古地理重建[J].古地理学报,2004,6(1):3-19.]
[10]Wu Yinye,Song Yan,Jia Chengzao,et al.Sedimentary fea-tures in a sequence stratigraphic framework in the north areaof Qaidam basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):195-203.[吴因业,宋岩,贾承造,等.柴北缘地区层序格架下的沉积特征[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):195-203.]
[11]Jin Zhenkui,Qi Congwei,Xue Jianqin,et al.Sedimentary faci-es of the Paleocene-Miocene in Jielvsu-Hongshan area innorth margin of Qaidam basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeogra-phy,2006,8(3):377-388.[金振奎,齐聪伟,薛建勤,等.柴达木盆地北缘结绿素—红山地区古新统至中新统沉积相[J].古地理学报,2006,8(3):377-388.]
[12]Jiang Bin,Li Fengjie,Zheng Rongcai,et al.Sedimentary faciesof Paleogene Lulehe Formation in western segment of north-ern margin of Qaidam basin[J].Lithologic Reserviors,2010,22(1):48-52.[蒋斌,李凤杰,郑荣才,等.柴达木盆地北缘西段古近系路乐河组沉积相特征研究[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(1):48-52.]
[13]Zhu Xiaomin,Kang An,Han Dexin,et al.Relation among Quater-nary environmental evolution,tectonic deformation in the Qaidambasin and uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geology,2003,38(3):367-376.[朱筱敏,康安,韩德馨,等.柴达木盆地第四纪环境演变、构造变形与青藏高原隆升的关系[J].地质科学,2003,38(3):367-376.]
[14]Sun Guoqiang,Zheng Jianjing,Su Long,et al.Mesozoic-Ceno-zoic tectonic evolution in northwestern Qaidam basin[J].Nat-ural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(4):212-217.[孙国强,郑建京,苏龙,等.柴达木盆地西北区中—新生代构造演化过程研究[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(4):212-217.]
[15]Shen Z Y,Xiao A C,Chen Z Y,et al.Characteristics of lateCretaceous faults of the eastern segment of the northern Qai-dam basin,NW China[J].Mining Science and Technology,2009,19:108-114.
[16]Zhu Xiaomin,Kang An.Characteristics and evalution of theQuaternary reservoirs in Chaidamu basin[J].Natural Gas In-dustry,2005,25(3):29-31.[朱筱敏,康安.柴达木盆地第四系储层特征及评价[J].天然气工业,2005,25(3):29-31.]
[17]Wang Chengshan,Zhu Lidong,Liu Zhifei.Tectonic and sedimenta-ry evolution of basins in the northern of Qinghai-Tibet Plateauand northward growing process of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Ad-vance in Earth Sciences,2004,19(3):373-381.[王成善,朱利东,刘志飞.青藏高原北部盆地构造沉积演化与高原向北生长过程[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):373-381.]
[18]Liu Zuhan,Wu Genyao,Yang Mengda,et al.Sedimentary fea-tures of the Cenozoic in the western Qaidam basin:Responseto strike-slipping of the Altun fault[J].Chinese Journal ofGeology,2006,41(2):344-354.[柳祖汉,吴根耀,杨孟达,等.柴达木盆地西部新生代沉积特征及其对阿尔金断裂走滑活动的响应[J].地质科学,2006,41(2):344-354.]
[19]He Zhonghua,Liu Zhaojun,Zhang Feng,et al.Latest progressof heavy mineral research in the basin analysis[J].GeologicalScience and Technology Information,2001,20(4):29-32.[和钟铧,刘招君,张峰,等.重矿物在盆地分析中的应用研究进展[J].地质科技情报,2001,20(4):29-32.]
[20]Yang Fan,Ma Zhiqiang,Xu Tongchun,et al.A Tertiary paleo-magnetic stratigraphic profile in Qaidam basin[J].Acta PetroleiSinica,1992,13(2):97-101.[杨藩,马志强,许同春,等.柴达木盆地第三纪磁性地层柱[J].石油地质,1992,13(2):97-101.]
[21]Sun Zhiming,Yang Zhenyu,Ge Xiaohong,et al.Advances inthe study of the Peleogene magnetostratigraphy on the north-ern margin of the Qaidam basin[J].Geological Bulletin ofChina,2004,23(9/10):899-902.[孙知明,杨振宇,葛肖虹,等.柴达木盆地西北缘古近系磁性年代研究进展[J].地质通报,2004,23(9/10):899-902.]
[22]Ye Dequan,Zhong Xiaochun,Yao Yimin,et al.Tertiary Stratain Chinese Petroliferous Provinces:Volume 1,General[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993:156-159.[叶德泉,钟筱春,姚益民,等.中国油气区第三系:卷1,总论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:156-159.]
[23]Zhou Jiangyu,Wang Jianghai,An Yin,et al.Sedimentologyand tectonic significance of Paleogene coarse clastic rocks ineastern Tibet[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,77(2):262-271.[周江羽,王江海,An Yin,等.青藏高原东缘古近纪粗碎屑岩沉积学及其构造意义[J].地质学报,2003,77(2):262-271.]
[24]Hu Shouquan,Cao Yunjiang,Huang Jixiang,et al.Discussion onformation and evolution of Jurassic basin-prototype of Qaidam ba-sin[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,1999,21(3):189-195.[胡受权,曹运江,黄继祥,等.柴达木盆地侏罗系原型及其形成与演化讨论[J].石油实验地质,1999,21(3):189-195.]
(4):841-851.[莫宣学.青藏高原地质研究的回顾与展望[J].中国地质,2010,37(4):841-851.]
[2]Zhu Dicheng,Pan Guitang,Mo Xuanxue,et al.The age of col-lision between India and Eurasia[J].Advances in Earth Sci-ence,2004,19(4):564-571.[朱弟成,潘桂棠,莫宣学,等.印度大陆和欧亚大陆的碰撞时代[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(4):564-571.]
[3]Liu Yanxue,Hou Zengqian,Wang Guanghui,et al.Basin evolu-tions of the Tuotuohe river basin and sedimentary response to theuplifting of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Paleogene-Neogene[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2011,18(4):65-76.[刘燕学,侯增谦,王光辉,等.沱沱河盆地古近纪—新近纪盆地演化及青藏高原隆升的沉积响应[J].地学前缘,2011,18(4):65-76.]
[4]Wang Guocan,Cao Kai,Zhang Kexin,et al.Spatio-temporalframework of tectonic uplift stages of the Tibetan Plateau inCenozoic[J].Scientia Sinica Terrae,2011,41(3):332-349.[王国灿,曹凯,张克信,等.青藏高原新生代构造隆升阶段的时空格局[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(3):332-349.]
[5]Du Yuansheng,Yan Jiaxin,Han Xin.Advances of sedimentarygeology in orogenic belt[J].Geological Science and Technolo-gy Information,1995,14(1):29-34.[杜远生,颜佳新,韩欣.造山带沉积地质学研究的新进展[J].地质科技情报,1995,14(1):29-34.]
[6]Hendrix M S.Evolution of Mesozoic sandstone compositions,southern Junggar,northern Tarim,and western Turpan basins,northwest China:A detrital record of the ancestral Tianshan[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,2000,70(3):520-532.
[7]He Zhonghua,Liu Zhaojun,Guo Wei,et al.The genetic typeof the Mesozoic basin in northern Chaidamu and its tectonic-sedimentary evolution[J].Journal of Jilin University:EarthScience Edition,2002,32(4):333-339.[和钟铧,刘招君,郭巍,等.柴达木北缘中生代盆地的成因类型及构造沉积演化[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2002,32(4):333-339.]
[8]Yuan Jianying,Chen Qilin,Chen Yingbin,et al.Petroleum ge-ological character and favorable exploration domains of Qaid-am basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(5):640-644.[袁剑英,陈启林,陈迎宾,等.柴达木盆地油气地质特征与有利勘探领域[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(5):640-644.]
[9]Feng Zengzhao.Single factor analysis and multifactor compre-hensive mapping method-reconstruction of quantitative litho-facies palaeogeography[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2004,6(1):3-19.[冯增昭.单因素分析多因素综合作图法——定量岩相古地理重建[J].古地理学报,2004,6(1):3-19.]
[10]Wu Yinye,Song Yan,Jia Chengzao,et al.Sedimentary fea-tures in a sequence stratigraphic framework in the north areaof Qaidam basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):195-203.[吴因业,宋岩,贾承造,等.柴北缘地区层序格架下的沉积特征[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):195-203.]
[11]Jin Zhenkui,Qi Congwei,Xue Jianqin,et al.Sedimentary faci-es of the Paleocene-Miocene in Jielvsu-Hongshan area innorth margin of Qaidam basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeogra-phy,2006,8(3):377-388.[金振奎,齐聪伟,薛建勤,等.柴达木盆地北缘结绿素—红山地区古新统至中新统沉积相[J].古地理学报,2006,8(3):377-388.]
[12]Jiang Bin,Li Fengjie,Zheng Rongcai,et al.Sedimentary faciesof Paleogene Lulehe Formation in western segment of north-ern margin of Qaidam basin[J].Lithologic Reserviors,2010,22(1):48-52.[蒋斌,李凤杰,郑荣才,等.柴达木盆地北缘西段古近系路乐河组沉积相特征研究[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(1):48-52.]
[13]Zhu Xiaomin,Kang An,Han Dexin,et al.Relation among Quater-nary environmental evolution,tectonic deformation in the Qaidambasin and uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Geology,2003,38(3):367-376.[朱筱敏,康安,韩德馨,等.柴达木盆地第四纪环境演变、构造变形与青藏高原隆升的关系[J].地质科学,2003,38(3):367-376.]
[14]Sun Guoqiang,Zheng Jianjing,Su Long,et al.Mesozoic-Ceno-zoic tectonic evolution in northwestern Qaidam basin[J].Nat-ural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(4):212-217.[孙国强,郑建京,苏龙,等.柴达木盆地西北区中—新生代构造演化过程研究[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(4):212-217.]
[15]Shen Z Y,Xiao A C,Chen Z Y,et al.Characteristics of lateCretaceous faults of the eastern segment of the northern Qai-dam basin,NW China[J].Mining Science and Technology,2009,19:108-114.
[16]Zhu Xiaomin,Kang An.Characteristics and evalution of theQuaternary reservoirs in Chaidamu basin[J].Natural Gas In-dustry,2005,25(3):29-31.[朱筱敏,康安.柴达木盆地第四系储层特征及评价[J].天然气工业,2005,25(3):29-31.]
[17]Wang Chengshan,Zhu Lidong,Liu Zhifei.Tectonic and sedimenta-ry evolution of basins in the northern of Qinghai-Tibet Plateauand northward growing process of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Ad-vance in Earth Sciences,2004,19(3):373-381.[王成善,朱利东,刘志飞.青藏高原北部盆地构造沉积演化与高原向北生长过程[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):373-381.]
[18]Liu Zuhan,Wu Genyao,Yang Mengda,et al.Sedimentary fea-tures of the Cenozoic in the western Qaidam basin:Responseto strike-slipping of the Altun fault[J].Chinese Journal ofGeology,2006,41(2):344-354.[柳祖汉,吴根耀,杨孟达,等.柴达木盆地西部新生代沉积特征及其对阿尔金断裂走滑活动的响应[J].地质科学,2006,41(2):344-354.]
[19]He Zhonghua,Liu Zhaojun,Zhang Feng,et al.Latest progressof heavy mineral research in the basin analysis[J].GeologicalScience and Technology Information,2001,20(4):29-32.[和钟铧,刘招君,张峰,等.重矿物在盆地分析中的应用研究进展[J].地质科技情报,2001,20(4):29-32.]
[20]Yang Fan,Ma Zhiqiang,Xu Tongchun,et al.A Tertiary paleo-magnetic stratigraphic profile in Qaidam basin[J].Acta PetroleiSinica,1992,13(2):97-101.[杨藩,马志强,许同春,等.柴达木盆地第三纪磁性地层柱[J].石油地质,1992,13(2):97-101.]
[21]Sun Zhiming,Yang Zhenyu,Ge Xiaohong,et al.Advances inthe study of the Peleogene magnetostratigraphy on the north-ern margin of the Qaidam basin[J].Geological Bulletin ofChina,2004,23(9/10):899-902.[孙知明,杨振宇,葛肖虹,等.柴达木盆地西北缘古近系磁性年代研究进展[J].地质通报,2004,23(9/10):899-902.]
[22]Ye Dequan,Zhong Xiaochun,Yao Yimin,et al.Tertiary Stratain Chinese Petroliferous Provinces:Volume 1,General[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993:156-159.[叶德泉,钟筱春,姚益民,等.中国油气区第三系:卷1,总论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:156-159.]
[23]Zhou Jiangyu,Wang Jianghai,An Yin,et al.Sedimentologyand tectonic significance of Paleogene coarse clastic rocks ineastern Tibet[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,77(2):262-271.[周江羽,王江海,An Yin,等.青藏高原东缘古近纪粗碎屑岩沉积学及其构造意义[J].地质学报,2003,77(2):262-271.]
[24]Hu Shouquan,Cao Yunjiang,Huang Jixiang,et al.Discussion onformation and evolution of Jurassic basin-prototype of Qaidam ba-sin[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,1999,21(3):189-195.[胡受权,曹运江,黄继祥,等.柴达木盆地侏罗系原型及其形成与演化讨论[J].石油实验地质,1999,21(3):189-195.]
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