高分辨率层序格架约束的地震反演及应用
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摘要
在油藏勘探开发中,利用地震波阻抗反演技术预测储层空间分布特征,自应用以来发挥着非常重要的作用。特别是在油藏开发中后期,需要对薄层、薄互层等油层进一步开发时,该项技术显得尤为重要。尽管该方法以测井和地质等资料为约束,但依据传统的构造解释方法建立的初始构造模型不够准确,仍然无法降低地震反演的多解性,井间储层分布与后验井存在较大差别,预测出的薄层、薄互层及储层岩性的可信度较低。本文利用测井资料进行高分辨层序地层划分,依据单井合成地震记录将划分结果标定在地震剖面上,并完成各层序界面的地震层位解释,井震结合建立高分辨率层序地层格架。结果表明,将该地层格架作为初始模型进行测井约束的地震资料波阻抗反演,对不同旋回发育的薄层或薄互层储层,横向预测不会以一套厚储层呈现,提高了储层反演预测储层分布的精度。通过大庆长垣高台子油田中的具体应用,展示了高分辨率层序地层格架约束下的波阻抗反演技术在薄层、薄互层储层预测中的广阔应用前景。
During the reservoirs exploration and development, the impedance inversion method based on seismic data could be adopted to predict the reservoir distribution. Especially in the stage of reservoirs development, it is necessary to know the thin layer and thin interbed reservoirs distribution and to take measures in the further development. In order to acquire accurate inversion results, it is important to build a refined initial model. Although the impedance inversion is based on log and geological data, the initial model built on the traditional structure interpretation results is not accurate enough, and is unable to reduce multi-solution problem of seismic inversion. The impedance inversion based on high-resolution sequence stratigraphy framework has been introduced. Firstly the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy classification results could be calibrated in the seismic profile by the synthetic seismogram. Then every sequence interface must be interpreted in the seismic profile. As to the sequence interface that does not have the corresponding seismic wave in seismic profile, it could be traced according to the logging data. The initial model for the log-constrained impedance inversion has been constructed on the basis of the interpretation of high-resolution sequence framework. Finally the reservoirs distribution is able to be required from the inversion results. The method is successfully applied to the Gaotaizi Oil Field of Daqing Placanticline. The predictive reservoirs have been confirmed by the later real drilling data. The case study indicates the wide application prospects for the inversion method constrained by high-resolution sequence framework in the prediction of the thin interbed reservoir.
During the reservoirs exploration and development, the impedance inversion method based on seismic data could be adopted to predict the reservoir distribution. Especially in the stage of reservoirs development, it is necessary to know the thin layer and thin interbed reservoirs distribution and to take measures in the further development. In order to acquire accurate inversion results, it is important to build a refined initial model. Although the impedance inversion is based on log and geological data, the initial model built on the traditional structure interpretation results is not accurate enough, and is unable to reduce multi-solution problem of seismic inversion. The impedance inversion based on high-resolution sequence stratigraphy framework has been introduced. Firstly the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy classification results could be calibrated in the seismic profile by the synthetic seismogram. Then every sequence interface must be interpreted in the seismic profile. As to the sequence interface that does not have the corresponding seismic wave in seismic profile, it could be traced according to the logging data. The initial model for the log-constrained impedance inversion has been constructed on the basis of the interpretation of high-resolution sequence framework. Finally the reservoirs distribution is able to be required from the inversion results. The method is successfully applied to the Gaotaizi Oil Field of Daqing Placanticline. The predictive reservoirs have been confirmed by the later real drilling data. The case study indicates the wide application prospects for the inversion method constrained by high-resolution sequence framework in the prediction of the thin interbed reservoir.
引文
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[15]Sheline H E.Crosswell seismic interpretation and reservoir-characterization:An offshore case history[J].The Leading Edge,1998,17(7):935-939.
[2]刘百红,李建华.测井和地震资料宽带约束反演的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(1):76-79.Liu Baihong,Li Jianhua.Geophisical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(1):76-79.
[3]秦月霜,梁海龙.利用井约束反演技术进行油藏描述研究[J].世界地质,2003,22(1):91-94.Qin Yueshuang,Liang Hailong.Global Geology,2003,22(1):91-94.
[4]杨文采.评地球物理反演的发展趋向[J].地学前缘,2002,9(4):389-396.Yang Wencai.Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(4):389-396.
[5]刘喜武,年静波,吴海波.几种地震波阻抗反演方法的比较分析与综合应用[J].世界地质,2005,24(3):270-274.Liu Xiwu,Nian Jingbo,Wu Haibo.Global Geology,2005,24(3):270-274.
[6]Li G F,Ma Y Y,Xiong J L,et al.Analysis of the ambiguity of log-constrained seismic impedance inversion[J].Petroleum Science,2011,8(2):151-156.
[7]彭真明,张启衡,龚奇.波阻抗反演中的全局寻优策略[J].物探化探计算技术,2003,25(2):151-156.Peng Zhenming,Zhang Qiheng,Gong Qi.Computing Technologies for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2003,25(2):151-156.
[8]Hoversten G M,Milligan P,Byun J,et al.Crosswell electromagnetic and seismic imaging:An examination of coincident surveys at a steam flood project[J].Geophysics,2004,69(2):406-414.
[9]Lazatatos S K,Marion B P.Cross-well seismic imaging of reservoir changes caused by CO2injection[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(9):1300-1306.
[10]朱筱敏.层序地层学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2001:1-41,108-202.Zhu Xiaomin.Sequence Stratigraphy[M].Dongying:University of Petroleum Press,2001:1-41,108-202.
[11]操应长.断陷湖盆层序地层学[M].北京:地质出版社,2002:101-117.Cao Yingchang.Sequence stratigraphy of faulted lake basin[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2002:101-117.
[12]郭魏,刘招君,董惠民,等.松辽盆地层序地层特征及油气聚集规律[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2004,34(2):216-221.Guo Wei,Liu Zhaojun,Dong Huimin,et al.Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2004,34(2):216-221.
[13]雷雪,李忠,巫芙蓉,等.高分辨率层序地层学在川西地震资料反演中的应用[J].石油物探,2003,42(4):493-500.Lei Xue,Li Zhong,Wu Furong,et al.Geophisical Prospecting for Petroleum,2003,42(4):493-500.
[14]余杰,陈钢花.测井资料高分辨率层序地层分析[J].测井技术,2007,31(1):21-24.Yu Jie,Chen Ganghua.Well Logging Technology,2007,31(1):21-24.
[15]Sheline H E.Crosswell seismic interpretation and reservoir-characterization:An offshore case history[J].The Leading Edge,1998,17(7):935-939.
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