南海北部白云凹陷-东沙岛西南海区的浅地层探测与深水沉积特点
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摘要
采用新引进的海洋深水浅层剖面仪,从珠江口外陆架进入白云凹陷-东沙岛西南海区中陆坡区,进行了浅地层探测,获得了高分辨率反射记录。分析发现,白云凹陷上陆坡段沉积连续性较好,海底反射强度侧向变化平缓,显示了比较均一的沉积底质和微弱的海底水动力条件;在白云凹陷-东沙岛西南海区中陆坡区,海底滑坡严重,局部存在强烈的、平行陆坡的海底洋流冲蚀,海底地形崎岖不平,反射强度侧向变化大,表明海底底质不均匀,海底水动力强。浅地层记录还显示中陆坡海底山丘有海底气体泄露现象,结合常规反射地震识别的海底泥底辟特征,确定海底山丘为泥火山。气体泄露和海底反射振幅的变化代表了海底浅层聚有丰富的气体以及嗜甲烷生物链活动的钙化,因而推断该区不仅是油气的聚集区,也是水合物的聚集带。
A new sub-bottom profiler with ability for deep water detection was used along survey lines from the outer shelf of Pearl River Mouth to the mid-slope of Baiyun Sag-Southwest Dongsha Island Waters.From the new high resolution data,it is found that the shallow sediments feature good continuity on the smooth upper slope of the Baiyun Sag,which implies ho-mogenous bedrocks and weak current dynamics.Differently,over the mid-slope of Baiyun Sag-Southwest Dongsha Island Waters,there are remarkable phenomena,such as submarine slide-slump,local along-margin current erosive incision,rugged seafloor topography,and contrasted lateral variation of echoed reflection amplitudes,among others,which implies inhomoge-nous bedrocks and strong along-slope local current dynamics over the mid-slope.Additionally,the data show gas seepage within the submarine ridges,which are recognized as mud volcanoes from multiple channel seismic data.The gas seepage and the contrasted reflection amplitudes variation can be ascribed to plentiful gas existed there and calcification by meth-ane-dependent organism;thus,the mid-slope of Baiyun Sag-Southwest Dongsha Island Waters has good prospects in petro-leum and gas hydrates.
A new sub-bottom profiler with ability for deep water detection was used along survey lines from the outer shelf of Pearl River Mouth to the mid-slope of Baiyun Sag-Southwest Dongsha Island Waters.From the new high resolution data,it is found that the shallow sediments feature good continuity on the smooth upper slope of the Baiyun Sag,which implies ho-mogenous bedrocks and weak current dynamics.Differently,over the mid-slope of Baiyun Sag-Southwest Dongsha Island Waters,there are remarkable phenomena,such as submarine slide-slump,local along-margin current erosive incision,rugged seafloor topography,and contrasted lateral variation of echoed reflection amplitudes,among others,which implies inhomoge-nous bedrocks and strong along-slope local current dynamics over the mid-slope.Additionally,the data show gas seepage within the submarine ridges,which are recognized as mud volcanoes from multiple channel seismic data.The gas seepage and the contrasted reflection amplitudes variation can be ascribed to plentiful gas existed there and calcification by meth-ane-dependent organism;thus,the mid-slope of Baiyun Sag-Southwest Dongsha Island Waters has good prospects in petro-leum and gas hydrates.
引文
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[24]王海荣,王英民,邱燕,等.南海北部陆坡的地貌形态及其控制因素[J].海洋学报,2008,50(2):709-79.
[25]郑红波,阎贫,王彦林,等.研究海水温盐结构的反射地震方法.热带海洋学报,2009,28(1):48-55.
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[27]HALL R.Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SE Asia and the SW Pacific:computer-based reconstruc-tions,model and animations[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sci-ences,2002,20(4):353-434.
[28]柳保军,袁立忠,申俊.南海北部陆坡古地貌特征与13.8Ma以来珠江深水扇[J].沉积学报,2006,24(4):476-482.
[29]吴时国,秦蕴珊.南海北部陆坡深水沉积体系研究[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):922-930.
[30]黄维,汪品先.渐新世以来的南海沉积量及其分布[J],中国科学D辑:地球科学,2006,36(9):822-829.
[31]LIU Z,TUO S,COLIN C,et al.Detrital fine-grained sedi-ment contribution from Taiwan to the northern South China Sea and its relation to regional ocean circulation[J].Marine Geology,2008,255(3/4):149-155.
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[33]陈忠,颜文,陈木宏,等.南海北部陆坡冷泉碳酸盐结核的发现:海底天然气渗漏的新证据[J].科学通报,2006,51(9):1065-1072.
[34]陆红锋,陈芳,刘坚,等.南海北部神狐海区的自生碳酸盐岩烟囱——海底富烃流体活动的记录[J].地质论评,2006,52(3):352-357.
[2]孙龙涛,周蒂,陈长民,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷断裂构造特征及其活动期次[J].热带海洋学报,2008,27(2):25-31.
[3]彭大钧,陈长民.南海珠江口盆地深水扇系统的发现[J].石油学报,2004,25(5):17-23.
[4]庞雄,陈长民,彭大钧.南海珠江深水扇系统的层序地层学研究[J].地学前缘,2007,14(1):220-229.
[5]米立军,张功成,沈怀磊,等.珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷始新统一下渐新统沉积特征[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):29-34.
[6]施和生,秦成岗,高鹏,等.珠江口盆地番禺低隆起-白云凹陷北坡天然气晚期成藏特征[J].中国海上油气,2008,20(2):73-76.
[7]邱燕,王英民,温宁,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷陆坡区有利成藏组合带[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2005,25(1):93-98.
[8]王家豪,庞雄,王存武,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷中央底辟带的发现及识别[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2006,31(2):209-213.
[9]张树林.珠江口盆地白云凹陷天然气水合物成藏条件及资源量前景[J].中国石油勘探,2007,6:23-27.
[10]VAIL P R,MITCHUM JR R M,THOMPSONⅢS.Seis-mic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level:Part 3.Relative changes of sea level from coastal onlap[C]//PAYTON C E.Seismic Stratigraphy—Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration:AAPG Memoir.1977,26:63-81.
[11]SHANNONA P M,STOKER M S,PRAEG D,et al.Se-quence stratigraphic analysis in deep-water,underfilled NW European passive margin basins[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22(9/10):1185-1200.
[12]ZHU M,GRAHAM S,PANG X,et al.Characteristics of migrating submarine canyons from the middle Miocene to present:Implications for paleoceanographic circulation,northern South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2010,27(1):307-319.
[13]倪玉根,郑玉龙,李守军.南海神狐海域上陆坡区典型浅地层剖面的初步解释[J].海洋学研究,2009,27(1):30-36.
[14]XUE H,CHAI F,PETTIGREW N R,et al,Kuroshio intru-sion and the Circulation in the South China Sea[J].Geophys Res,2004,109,C02017,doi:10.1029/2002JC001724.
[15]LIU C T,LIU R J.The deep current in the Bashi Channel[J].Acta Oceanogr Taiwanica,1988,20:107-116.
[16]耿威,郑荣才,魏钦廉,等.白云凹陷珠海组储层沉积学特征[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(4):98-106.
[17]SCHOCK S G,LEBLANC L R,PANDA S.Spatial and temporal pulse design considerations for a marine sediment classification sonar[J].IEEE J Oceanic Eng,1994,19(3):406-415.
[18]冯志强.南海北部地质灾害及海底工程地质条件评价[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1996:134.
[19]吴建政.南海北部海底沙波研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2006,36(6):1019-1023.
[20]ZHU M,GRAHAM S,PANG X,et al.Characteristics of migrating submarine canyons from the middle Miocene to present:Implications for paleoceanographic circulation,northern South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2010,27(1):307-319.
[21]LüDMANN T,WONG H K,BERGLAR K.Upward flow of North Pacific Deep Water in the northern South China Sea as deduced from the occurrence of drift sediments[J].Geo-physical Research Letters,2005,32,L05614,doi:10.1029/2004GL021967.
[22]于兴河,张志杰.南海北部陆坡区新近系沉积体系特征与天然气水合物分布的关系[J].中国地质,2005,32(3):470-476.
[23]SHAO LEI,LI XUEJIE,GENG JIANHUA,et al.Deep wa-ter bottom current deposition in the northern South China Sea[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2007,50(7):1060-1066.
[24]王海荣,王英民,邱燕,等.南海北部陆坡的地貌形态及其控制因素[J].海洋学报,2008,50(2):709-79.
[25]郑红波,阎贫,王彦林,等.研究海水温盐结构的反射地震方法.热带海洋学报,2009,28(1):48-55.
[26]DAMUTH J E.Quaternary sedimentation processes in the South China Basin as revealed by echo-character mapping and piston-core studies[C]//HAYES D E.The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands,Part 1.American Geophysical Union Geophysical Mono-graph,1980,23:105-125.
[27]HALL R.Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SE Asia and the SW Pacific:computer-based reconstruc-tions,model and animations[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sci-ences,2002,20(4):353-434.
[28]柳保军,袁立忠,申俊.南海北部陆坡古地貌特征与13.8Ma以来珠江深水扇[J].沉积学报,2006,24(4):476-482.
[29]吴时国,秦蕴珊.南海北部陆坡深水沉积体系研究[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):922-930.
[30]黄维,汪品先.渐新世以来的南海沉积量及其分布[J],中国科学D辑:地球科学,2006,36(9):822-829.
[31]LIU Z,TUO S,COLIN C,et al.Detrital fine-grained sedi-ment contribution from Taiwan to the northern South China Sea and its relation to regional ocean circulation[J].Marine Geology,2008,255(3/4):149-155.
[32]阎贫,陈多福.南海北部白云凹陷渗漏型天然气水合物地球物理证据[J].热带海洋学报,2009,28(3):85.
[33]陈忠,颜文,陈木宏,等.南海北部陆坡冷泉碳酸盐结核的发现:海底天然气渗漏的新证据[J].科学通报,2006,51(9):1065-1072.
[34]陆红锋,陈芳,刘坚,等.南海北部神狐海区的自生碳酸盐岩烟囱——海底富烃流体活动的记录[J].地质论评,2006,52(3):352-357.
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