表面多次波压制的研究进展:回顾与展望
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摘要
在绝大多数的地震资料处理中,将多次波视为相干噪音进行压制.表面多次波的压制方法主要分为两大类:基于波动方程预测的预测减去法和基于信号处理的滤波法.本文系统地回顾了两类多次波压制方法,分析了各种方法处理各类介质的优势及存在问题.本文也阐述了基于波动方程预测的自适应相减方法的发展.分析了多次波压制方法的发展趋势,随着GPU(图形处理器)等计算机硬件加速技术以及采集技术的快速发展,基于波动方程的SRME(surface-related multiple elimination)方法将是今后多次波压制的重要发展趋势之一,同时综合应用基于波动方程预测的方法和滤波法也是提高多次波压制效果的重要思路.
Two ways can be used to cope with multiple problem.They are multiples imaging and multiples suppression.Multiple imaging,however,is still restricted to theory investigation currentlly.Multiples usually are suppressed as coherent noise during seismic data processing.Suppression methods for surface-related multiple are mainly classified into two categories.They are the methods based on wave equation prediction and filter method based on signal processing.The former includes wavefield extrapolation,feedback iteration and inverse scattering series method.The latter includes F-K filter,Radon transform,CMP stack,Beamforming,predictive deconvolution method.Two classes multiple suppression ways are reviewed in the paper.The advantage and present problems of the methods to process a variety of medium are analyzed.Radon transform is stable and effective method to cope with the condition that subsurface medium is not complex,positive velocity gradients,and big NMO velocity difference. Multiple suppression methods based on wave equation prediction can cope with the seismic data from complex earth construction,in addition to wavefield extrapolation method,the other two methods need not prior model information. The development of adaptive subtraction method based on wave equation are illustrated in the paper,also multiple adaptive subtraction is the same important as multiple prediction.Multiple suppression research tendency is also analyzed in the paper.Multiple suppression method based on wave equation has more advantage over other method, especially suit for current seismic exploration for complex medium.With the fast development of computation hardware acceleration technology such as GPU(graphic processing unit) and acquisition technology,the obstacle that hamper 3D SRME(surface-related multiple elimination) method will be overcome gradually,and 3D SRME will be one of important investigation tendency for multiple suppression in the future that conform actual earth medium. Also,it is important thread to improve multiple suppression effect by synthesizing the method based on wave equation prediction and filter method.
Two ways can be used to cope with multiple problem.They are multiples imaging and multiples suppression.Multiple imaging,however,is still restricted to theory investigation currentlly.Multiples usually are suppressed as coherent noise during seismic data processing.Suppression methods for surface-related multiple are mainly classified into two categories.They are the methods based on wave equation prediction and filter method based on signal processing.The former includes wavefield extrapolation,feedback iteration and inverse scattering series method.The latter includes F-K filter,Radon transform,CMP stack,Beamforming,predictive deconvolution method.Two classes multiple suppression ways are reviewed in the paper.The advantage and present problems of the methods to process a variety of medium are analyzed.Radon transform is stable and effective method to cope with the condition that subsurface medium is not complex,positive velocity gradients,and big NMO velocity difference. Multiple suppression methods based on wave equation prediction can cope with the seismic data from complex earth construction,in addition to wavefield extrapolation method,the other two methods need not prior model information. The development of adaptive subtraction method based on wave equation are illustrated in the paper,also multiple adaptive subtraction is the same important as multiple prediction.Multiple suppression research tendency is also analyzed in the paper.Multiple suppression method based on wave equation has more advantage over other method, especially suit for current seismic exploration for complex medium.With the fast development of computation hardware acceleration technology such as GPU(graphic processing unit) and acquisition technology,the obstacle that hamper 3D SRME(surface-related multiple elimination) method will be overcome gradually,and 3D SRME will be one of important investigation tendency for multiple suppression in the future that conform actual earth medium. Also,it is important thread to improve multiple suppression effect by synthesizing the method based on wave equation prediction and filter method.
引文
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[2]Weglein A B.Multiple attenuation:An overview of recent advances and the road ahead[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(1 ):40- 44.
[3]渥·伊尔马滋著.地震资料分析[M].刘怀山等译.北京:石油工业出版社,2006,658-668. Yilmaz O.Seismic Data Analysis[M].Beijing:Press of Petroleum Industry,2006,658-668.
[4]Kabir M M N,Marfurt K J.Toward true an plitude multiple removal[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18:66- 73.
[5]Wang Y.Multiple attenuation:coping with the spatial truncation effect in the Radon transform domain[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2008,51:75 - 87.
[6]熊登,赵伟,张剑锋.混合域高分辨率抛物Radon变换及在衰减多次波中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(4):1068- 1077. Xiong D,Zhao W,Zhang J F.Hybrid-domain high-resolution parabolic Radon transform and its application to demultiple [J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(4 ):1068 - 1077.
[7]洪菲,胡天跃,张文坡,等.用优化聚束滤波方法消除低信噪比地震资料中的多次波[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1106- 1110. Hong F,Hu T Y,Zhang W B,et al.Attenuating multiples for low signal-to-noise ratio seismic data using optimal beamforming[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47 (6):1106-1110.
[8]Backus,M M.Water reverberations:their nature and elimination [J].Geophysics,1959,24,233-261.
[9]Peacock K L,Treital S.Predictive deconvolution theory and practice[J].Geophysics,1969,34:155-169.
[10]Robinson E A,Treitel S.Geophysical signal analysis[M]. Englewood Cliffs:Prentice-Hall,Inc.,1980,238-250.
[11]Verschuur D J.Seismic multiple removal techniques.Past, present and future[M].HOUSTEN:EAEG Publications, 2006,16-18.
[12]Taner M T.Long-period sea-floor multiples and their suppression [J].Geophysics Prospecting,1980,28,30-48.
[13]Alam A,Austin J.Suppression of multiples using slant stacks [J].51~(th) Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.of Expl.Geophys., Expanded Abstracts,1981.
[14]Hampson D.Inverse velocity stacking for multiple elimination [J].Journal of the Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysics,1986,22:44-55.
[15]Foster D J,Mosher C C.Suppression of multiple reflections using the Radon transform[J].Geophysics,1992,57(3):386 -395.
[16]李学聪.表面多次波衰减方法与应用研究[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2009.
[17]Riley D C,Claerbout J F.2-D multiple reflections[J]. Geophysics,1976,41(4):592-620.
[18]Morley L.Predictive deconvolution in shot-receiver space[J]. Geophysics,1983,48(5):515-531.
[19]Bernth H,Sonneland L.Wavefield extrapolation techniques for prestack attenuation of water reverberations[J].53~(th) Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1983,264-265.
[20]Berryhill J R,Kim Y C.Deep-water peg legs and multiples: Emulation and suppression[J].Geophysics,1986,51:2177- 2184.
[21]Wiggins J W.Attenuation of complex water-bottom multiples by wave-equation - based prediction and subtraction[J]. Geophysics,1988,53(2):1527-1539.
[22]Anstey N A,Newman P.PartⅠ-the sectional autocorrelogram: PartⅡ-the sectional retro-correlogram[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1966,14,389-426.
[23]Kennett B L N.The suppression of surface multiples on seismic records[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1979,27(3): 584-600.
[24]Berkhout A J.Seismic Migration,Imaging of acoustic energy by wave field extrapolation B.Practical aspects[M]. Amsterdam:Elsevier Science Publishering Company,Inc, 1982.20-43.
[25]Verschuur D J,Berkhout A J,and Wapenarr P A.Adaptive surface-related multiple elimination[J].Geophysics,1992,57 (9):1166-1177.
[26]Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.Estimation of multiple scattering by iterative inversion,partⅠ:Theoretical considerations[J]. Geophysics,1997,62(5):1586-1595.
[27]Verschuur D J,Berkhout A J.Estimation of multiple scattering by iterative inversion,partⅡ:Practical aspects and examples[J]. Geophysics,1997,62(5):1596-1611.
[28]Dragoset W H,Jericevic Z.Some remarks on surface multiples attenuation[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):772-789.
[29]Wapenaar C P A,Herrmann P,Verschuur D J,et al. Decomposition of multicomponent seismic data into primary P- and S-wave responses[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1990, 38:633-661.
[30]Borselen R G V,Schonewille M A,Hegge R F.3D surface-related multiple elimination:Acquisition and processing solutions[J].The Leading Edge,2005,March:260-268.
[31]Pica A,Poulain G,David B,et al.3D surface-related multiple modeling.The leading edge,2005,March:292-296.
[32]牛滨华,沈操,黄新武,等.波动方程压制多次波的技术方法[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):511-517. Niu B H,Shen C,Huang X W,et al.Multiple attenuation techniques based on wave equation[J].Earth Science Frontiers(China University of Geosciences,Beijing),2002,9 (2):511-517.
[33]Kelamis P G,Verschuur D J.Surface-related multiple elimination on land seismic data-Strategies via case studies[J]. Geophysics,2000,65(3):719-734.
[34]Wang Y.Multiple prediction through inversion:a fully data-driven concept for surface-related multiple attenuation[J]. Geophysics,2004,69(2):547-553.
[35]Wang Y.Multiple prediction through inversion:Theoretical advancements and real data application[J].Geophysics,2007, 72(2):V33-V39.
[36]Van Groenestjin G J A,Verschuur D J.Estimation primaries by sparse inversion near-offset reconstruction:Marine data applications[J].Geophysics,2009a,74(6):R119-R128.
[37]Van Groenestjin G J A,Verschuur D J.Estimation of primaries and near-offset reconstruction by sparse inversion:Marine data applications[J].Geophysics,2009b,74(6 ):R119- R128.
[38]Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.Removal of internal multiples with the common-focus-point(CFP ) approach:Part 1- Explanation of the theory[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):v45- v60.
[39]Verschuur D J,Berkhout A J.Removal of internal multiples with the common-focus-point(CFP) approach:Part 2 - Application strategies and data examples[J].Geophysics, 2005,70(3):v61-v72.
[40]Berkhout A J,Verschuur D J.Seismic processing in the inverse data space[J].Geophysics,2006,71(4):29-33.
[41]Weglein A B,Hsu S Y,Terenghi P,et al.Multiple attenuation: Recent advances and the road head[J].The Leading Edge, 2011,August:864-875.
[42]Weglein A B,Boyse W E,Anderson J E.Obtaining three- dimensional velocity information directly from reflection seismic data;An inverse scattering formalism[J]. Geophysics,1981,46(8):1116-1120.
[43]Weglein A B,Gasparotto F A,Carvalho P M,et al.An inverse scattering series method for attenuating multiples in seismic reflection data[J].Geophysics,1997,62(6):1975-1989.
[44]Carvalho P M,Weglein A B,and Stolt R H.Examples of a nonlinear inversion method based on the T matrix of scattering theory:application on multiple suppression[J].61~(th) Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1991,1319-1322
[45]Carvalho P M,Weglein A B,and Stolt R H.Non-linear inverse scattering for multiple attenuation:Applications to real data. PartⅠ[J].62~(th) Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.of Expl.Geophys., Expanded Abstracts,1992,1093-1095.
[46]Araujo F V,Weglein A B,Carvalho P M,et al.Inverse scattering series for multiple attenuation:an example with surface and internal multiples[J].64~(th) Ann.Internat.Mtg., Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1994,1039- 1041.
[47]Coates R T,Weglein A B.Internal multiple attenuation using inverse scattering:Result from prestack 1 and 2-D acoustic and elastic synthetics[J].66th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.of Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1996,1522-1525.
[48]金德刚,常旭,刘伊克.逆散射级数法预测层间多次波的算法改进及其策略[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1209-1217. Jin D G,Chang X,Liu Y K.Algorithm improvement and strategy of internal multiples prediction based on inverse scattering series method[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(4):1209-1217.
[49]Zhou B,Stewart G.Multiple suppression by 2D filtering in the parabolic domain:a wave-equation-based method[J]. Geophysical Prospecting,1996,44:375-401.
[50]Zhang J F,Wang W H.Multiple attenuation:an approach by .incorporating multiple prediction with Radon transform[J]. Journal of Seismic Exploration,2006,15:81-99.
[51]王维红,崔宝文,刘洪.表面多次波衰减的研究现状与进展[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):156-164. Wang W H,Cui B W,Liu H.Research progress in surface-related multiple attenuation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(1):156-164.
[52]Treitel S Principles of digital multichannel filtering[J].Geophysics, 1970,35(5),785-811.
[53]Monk D J.Wave-equation multiple suppression using constrained cross-equalization[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1993,41:725 -736.
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