松辽盆地青山口组震积岩特征及油气地质意义
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摘要
通过大量岩芯观察,结合构造背景研究,在松辽盆地白垩系青山口组中识别出震积岩。将震积岩变形构造划分为固结地层震积变形构造和未固结地层震积变形构造两大类。研究区所见固结地层震积变形构造主要有裂缝、微型断层、龟裂式地层破碎及内碎屑角砾岩等,未固结地层震积变形构造主要有液化砂岩脉、石香肠构造、同沉积塑性变形构造、环状层理、震积枕状及伴生构造等。总结震积岩的沉积特征并讨论了其油气地质意义:由地震活动引发三角洲前缘砂体垮塌沉积而成的滑塌浊积岩、高能波浪带形成的滨浅湖滩坝砂体都为良好的储集层;震裂缝附近发育溶孔和微裂缝。溶孔的发育程度无疑对改善储层的储集性能起到建设性作用;已固结地层中发生地震的断裂系统为油气运移提供通道;强烈的地震活动会造成固结的致密泥岩盖层的破裂,大量裂缝会导致油气的快速散失。
By observation of a large number of cores,combined with the study on tectonic setting in Songliao Basin,Cretaceous Qingshankou seismite is identified.On the basis of previous studies,seismite deformation structures are divided into two categories,consolidation stratigraphic seismite deformation structure and non-consolidation stratigraphic seismite deformation structure.Consolidation stratigraphic seismite deformation structures in the study area are mainly cracks,micro-faults,crack-type formation fracture zone,and intraclastic parabreccia,non-consolidation stratigraphic seismites deformation structures are mainly liquified sandstone veins,boudin structure,syn-sedimentary plastic deformation,loop bedding,pillow seismites and associated structures and so on.The sedimentary characteristics of seismites are summarized and petroleum geological significance are discussed:the collapse fluxoturbidite rocks sandbody triggered by earthquake activity from the delta front,shore-shallow lake dam from high-energy wave zone triggered by earthquake activity are both good reservoir;dissolution porosity and micro-cracks is developed in the vicinity of cracks.Development degree of micro-cracks and dissolution porosity will no doubt improve the performance of the reservoir constructively;fault system in consolidation earthquake stratum provides access for oil and gas migration.Strong earthquake activity in the dense consolidation cause the breakdown of mudstone caprock,a large number of cracks lead to rapid loss of oil and gas.
By observation of a large number of cores,combined with the study on tectonic setting in Songliao Basin,Cretaceous Qingshankou seismite is identified.On the basis of previous studies,seismite deformation structures are divided into two categories,consolidation stratigraphic seismite deformation structure and non-consolidation stratigraphic seismite deformation structure.Consolidation stratigraphic seismite deformation structures in the study area are mainly cracks,micro-faults,crack-type formation fracture zone,and intraclastic parabreccia,non-consolidation stratigraphic seismites deformation structures are mainly liquified sandstone veins,boudin structure,syn-sedimentary plastic deformation,loop bedding,pillow seismites and associated structures and so on.The sedimentary characteristics of seismites are summarized and petroleum geological significance are discussed:the collapse fluxoturbidite rocks sandbody triggered by earthquake activity from the delta front,shore-shallow lake dam from high-energy wave zone triggered by earthquake activity are both good reservoir;dissolution porosity and micro-cracks is developed in the vicinity of cracks.Development degree of micro-cracks and dissolution porosity will no doubt improve the performance of the reservoir constructively;fault system in consolidation earthquake stratum provides access for oil and gas migration.Strong earthquake activity in the dense consolidation cause the breakdown of mudstone caprock,a large number of cracks lead to rapid loss of oil and gas.
引文
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[2]宋天锐.北京十三陵前寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层中的一套可能的地震-海啸序列[J].科学通报,1988,38(8):609-611.
[3]乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,1994,68(1):16-32.
[4]乔秀夫,李海兵,高林志.华北地台震旦纪-早古生代地震节律[J].地学前缘,1997,4(3):155-160.
[5]乔秀夫,高林志.燕辽裂陷槽中元古代古地震与古地理[J].古地理学报,2007,9(4):338-352.
[6]乔秀夫,高林志.华北中新元古代及早中生代地震灾变事件及与Rodinia的关系[J].科学通报,1999,44(16):1753-1758.
[7]乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳,等.古郯庐带沧浪铺阶地震事件、层序及构造意义[J].中国科学:D辑,2001,31(11):911-918.
[8]孙晓猛,梁定益,聂泽同.大陆边缘震积岩序列-以金沙江中段震积岩为例[J].现代地质,1995,9(3):1-27.
[9]杜远生,张传恒,韩欣.滇西地区中元古代大龙口组震积岩的新发现[J].沉积学报,1999,24(增刊):28-37.
[10]杜远生,张传恒,韩欣.滇西中元古代昆阳群的地震事件沉积及其地质意义[J].中国科学:D辑,2001,31(4):284-290.
[11]吴贤涛,尹国勋.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义[J].沉积学报,1992,10(1):19-26.
[12]尹国勋,汤友谊.地史时期地震事件的岩石学证据-以四川峨嵋晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中的震积岩为例[J].地震地质,1993,15(1):61-65.
[13]张琴,朱筱敏,张建军,等.酒西盆地青南凹陷柳沟庄-窟窿山地区下白垩统震积岩的发现及意义[J].地质学报,2003,77(2):158-162.
[14]袁静.山东惠民凹陷古近纪震积岩特征及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1):41-46.
[15]付文利,王艳琴,杨光,等.东营凹陷沙三段、沙四段震积岩研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(2):6-8.
[16]袁静,陈鑫,张善文.济阳坳陷古近系软沉积变形层中的砂岩脉特征[J].石油学报,2008,29(3):336-340.
[17]夏青松,田景春.鄂尔多斯盆地南部上三叠统延长组震积岩的发现及地质意义[J].沉积学报,2007,25(2):246-252.
[18]杨剑萍,聂玲玲,张琳璞,等.柴达木盆地西南缘乌南油田新近系古地震纪录及储集性能研究[J].地质学报,2008,82(6):805-812.
[19]杨剑萍,聂玲玲,杨君.柴达木盆地西南缘新近系与地震沉积有关的软沉积物变形构造及其地质意义[J].沉积学报,2008,26(6):967-974.
[20]杨剑萍,王亚丽,查明,等.山东惠民凹陷古近系湖泊地震涌浪记录的新发现[J].地质学报,2006,80(11):1715-1722.
[21]魏垂高,张世奇,姜在兴,等.东营凹陷现河地区沙三段震积岩特征及其意义[J].沉积学报,2006,24(6):798-805.
[22]路慎强.济阳坳陷古近系碎屑岩地层中震积岩识别标志研究[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2006,30(5):8-13.
[23]杜远生,韩欣.论震积作用和震积岩[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(4):389-394.
[24]袁静.中国震积作用和震积岩研究进展[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2005,29(1):144-149.
[25]彭阳,杨天南,乔秀夫,等.大连上震旦统地震灾变事件研究[J].地质学报,2001,75(2):221-227.
[26]Du Yuansheng,Gong Shuyun,Han Xin,et al.Silurian seismites in Hanxia,Yumen,north Qilian Mountains,and their tectonic significance[J].Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),2001,75(4):385-390.
[27]杜远生.广西北海涠洲岛第四纪湖光岩组与火山活动有关的震积岩[J].沉积学报,2005,23(2):203-209.
[28]段吉业,刘鹏举,万传彪.华北燕山中-新元古代震积岩系列及其地震节律[J].地质学报,2002,76(4):441-445.
[29]田洪水,万中杰,王华林.鲁中寒武系馒头组震积岩的发现及初步研究[J].地质论评,2003,49(2):123-131.
[30]严兆彬,郭福生,彭花明,等.浙西寒武系大陈岭组地震事件沉积的初步研究[J].地质学报,2005,79(6):731-736.
[31]殷秀兰,杨天南.胶州-莱阳盆地白垩纪莱阳群中的震积岩及其构造意义讨论[J].地质论评,2005,51(5):502-506.
[32]吕洪波,章雨旭,肖国望,等.内蒙古白云鄂博南东黑脑包腮林忽洞群下部发现地震滑塌岩块[J].地质论评,2006,52(2):163-169.
[33]周志广,梁定益,刘文灿,等.藏南晚白垩世宗卓组巨型混杂堆积的特征及其地裂-地震成因论证[J].地质论评,2006,52(3):314-320.
[34]Bauerman H.Report on the geology of the country near the fortyninth parallel of north latitude west of the Rocky Mountains[J].Geological Survey of Canada Report,1985,45(6):1-42.
[35]Fairchild I J,Einsele G,Song Tianrui.Possible seismic origin of molar tooth structures in Neoproterozoic carbon-ate ramp deposits,north China[J].Sedimentology,1997,44(4):611-630.
[36]Rossetti D F,Goes AM.Deciphering the sedimentologyi-cal imprint of paleoseismic events:an example from the Aptian Codo formation,northern Brazil[J].Sedimentary Geology,2000,135:137-156.
[37]魏垂高,张世奇,姜在兴,等.塔里木盆地志留系震积岩特征及其意义[J].地质学报,2007,81(6):827-833.
[38]杜远生,韩欣.论震积作用和震积岩[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(4):389-394.
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