气枪震源激发模式及应用
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摘要
气枪震源是一种重要的人工地震震源。气枪阵列理论的提出,使得气枪阵列设计技术日趋成熟,并能够在石油勘探和地球物理探测中得到更加广泛的运用。气枪震源在不同领域中应用时,需要不同的组合和激发模式,以适应不同的探测要求。加强主脉冲和加强气泡脉冲,是目前两种主要的气枪激发模式。通过比较研究两种气枪激发模式,讨论各种激发模式在激发时间、气枪间距、频率、分辨率等方面的差异,为气枪震源的广泛运用提供依据。
Airgun is an important active seismic source. Because of the presence of theory about air gun array, the designed technique of air gun array become mature, so it is widely applied in petrolic exploration and geophysics. It is need for various combinations and fired models in order to adapt different fields. At present, there are two fired models of air gun source: strengthen the primary pulse and the bubble pulse. The fired time, space of guns, frequency, resolution of model one are different from model two. This comparison can supply the evidence for exploration.
Airgun is an important active seismic source. Because of the presence of theory about air gun array, the designed technique of air gun array become mature, so it is widely applied in petrolic exploration and geophysics. It is need for various combinations and fired models in order to adapt different fields. At present, there are two fired models of air gun source: strengthen the primary pulse and the bubble pulse. The fired time, space of guns, frequency, resolution of model one are different from model two. This comparison can supply the evidence for exploration.
引文
陈浩林、宁书年、熊尽良,2003,气枪阵列子波数值模拟,石油地球物理勘探,38(4),363~370。
陈、周华伟、葛洪魁,2006,华北地震台阵探测计划,大地测量与地球动力学,25(4),1~5。
罗桂纯、王宝善、葛洪魁等,2006,气枪震源在地球深部结构探测中的应用研究进展,地球物理学进展,21(2),400~407。
丘学林、赵明辉、叶春明等,2003,南海东北部海陆联测与海底地震仪探测,大地构造与成矿学,27(4),295~300。
王云峰,1996,高分辨率空气枪阵列及子波研究,中国海上油气(地质),10(6),395~401。
赵明辉、丘学林、夏戡原等,2004,南海东北部海陆联测地震数据处理及初步结果,热带海洋学报,23(1),58~63。
周宝华、刘威北,1998a,气枪震源的发展与使用分析(上),物探装备,8(1),1~6。
周宝华、刘威北,1998b,气枪震源的发展与使用分析(下),物探装备,8(2),1~5,9。
Avedik F.,Renard V.,Allenou P.J.,Morvan B.,1993,Single bubble air-gun arrayfor deep exploration,Geophysics,58(3),366~382.
Brocher T.M.,Clayton R.W.,Klitgord K.D.et al.,1995,Multichannel seismic-reflection profiling on the R/V maurice ewingduringthe los angeles region seismic experiment(larse),california,U.S.Geol.Surv,1995Open File Rep,95~228.
Caldwell J.,Dragoset W.,2000,Abrief overviewof seismic air-gun arryas.The Leading Edge,19(8),898~902.
Fisher M.A.,Normark W.R.,Bohannon R.G.,Sliter R.W.,Calvert A.J.,2003,Geology of the continental margin beneathsanta monica bay,southern california,fromseismic-reflection data.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,93(5),1955~1983.
Fuis G.S.,Clayton R.W.,Davis P.M.,et al.,2003,Fault systems of the1971San Fernando and1994Northridge earthquakes,southern California:Relocated aftershocks and seismic images fromLARSEII.Geology,31,171~174.
Nicola J.Godfrey.,Fuis G.S.,Langenheim V.et al.,2001,Lower crustal deformation beneath the central Transverse Ranges,sorthern California:Results fromthe Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment.Journal of Geophysical Research,107(B7),10.1029,8~1,19.
Okaya D.,Bhowmik J.,Fuis G.,et al.,1996,Multichannel seismic-reflection profiling on the r/v maurice ewing during the losangeles region seismic experiment(larse),California.U.S.Geol.Surv,Open File Rep,96~019.
Okaya D.,Bhowmik J.,Fuis G.,et al.,1994,LARS2:explosion data acquired at onshore stations during the Los Angeles RegionExperiment(LARSE).
Okaya D.,Stuart H.,Stern T.,2002,Double-sided onshore-offshore seismic imaging of a plate boundary:“super-gathers”across SouthIsland,NewZealand.Tectonophysics,355(2002),247~263.
Okaya D.,Stern T.,Holbrook S.et al.,2003,Imaging a plate boundary using double-sided oneshore-offshore seismic profiling.TheLeading Edge,22,256~260.
Stern T.,Okaya D.,Scherwath M.,2002,Structure and strength of a continental transformfromonshore-offshore seismic profilingSouthIsland,NewZealand.Earth Planets Space,54,1011~1019.
Thomas M.,Brocher Robert W.,Clayton K.D.et al.,1995,LARSE.1MCS:Multichannel seismic-reflection profiling on the r/vmaurice ewing duringthe los angeles region seismic experiment(larse),California.U.S.Geol.Surv,Open File Rep,95~028.
Woods H.,1995,Los angeles region seismic experiment(larse)-cruise report.
WilliamJ.L.,Gary S.Fuis.,Clifford H.Thurber.et al.,1999,Tomographic images of the upper crust fromthe Los Angeles basintothe Mojave Desert,California:Result fromthe Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment.Journal of Geophysical Research,104(B11),25,543~25,565.
陈、周华伟、葛洪魁,2006,华北地震台阵探测计划,大地测量与地球动力学,25(4),1~5。
罗桂纯、王宝善、葛洪魁等,2006,气枪震源在地球深部结构探测中的应用研究进展,地球物理学进展,21(2),400~407。
丘学林、赵明辉、叶春明等,2003,南海东北部海陆联测与海底地震仪探测,大地构造与成矿学,27(4),295~300。
王云峰,1996,高分辨率空气枪阵列及子波研究,中国海上油气(地质),10(6),395~401。
赵明辉、丘学林、夏戡原等,2004,南海东北部海陆联测地震数据处理及初步结果,热带海洋学报,23(1),58~63。
周宝华、刘威北,1998a,气枪震源的发展与使用分析(上),物探装备,8(1),1~6。
周宝华、刘威北,1998b,气枪震源的发展与使用分析(下),物探装备,8(2),1~5,9。
Avedik F.,Renard V.,Allenou P.J.,Morvan B.,1993,Single bubble air-gun arrayfor deep exploration,Geophysics,58(3),366~382.
Brocher T.M.,Clayton R.W.,Klitgord K.D.et al.,1995,Multichannel seismic-reflection profiling on the R/V maurice ewingduringthe los angeles region seismic experiment(larse),california,U.S.Geol.Surv,1995Open File Rep,95~228.
Caldwell J.,Dragoset W.,2000,Abrief overviewof seismic air-gun arryas.The Leading Edge,19(8),898~902.
Fisher M.A.,Normark W.R.,Bohannon R.G.,Sliter R.W.,Calvert A.J.,2003,Geology of the continental margin beneathsanta monica bay,southern california,fromseismic-reflection data.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,93(5),1955~1983.
Fuis G.S.,Clayton R.W.,Davis P.M.,et al.,2003,Fault systems of the1971San Fernando and1994Northridge earthquakes,southern California:Relocated aftershocks and seismic images fromLARSEII.Geology,31,171~174.
Nicola J.Godfrey.,Fuis G.S.,Langenheim V.et al.,2001,Lower crustal deformation beneath the central Transverse Ranges,sorthern California:Results fromthe Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment.Journal of Geophysical Research,107(B7),10.1029,8~1,19.
Okaya D.,Bhowmik J.,Fuis G.,et al.,1996,Multichannel seismic-reflection profiling on the r/v maurice ewing during the losangeles region seismic experiment(larse),California.U.S.Geol.Surv,Open File Rep,96~019.
Okaya D.,Bhowmik J.,Fuis G.,et al.,1994,LARS2:explosion data acquired at onshore stations during the Los Angeles RegionExperiment(LARSE).
Okaya D.,Stuart H.,Stern T.,2002,Double-sided onshore-offshore seismic imaging of a plate boundary:“super-gathers”across SouthIsland,NewZealand.Tectonophysics,355(2002),247~263.
Okaya D.,Stern T.,Holbrook S.et al.,2003,Imaging a plate boundary using double-sided oneshore-offshore seismic profiling.TheLeading Edge,22,256~260.
Stern T.,Okaya D.,Scherwath M.,2002,Structure and strength of a continental transformfromonshore-offshore seismic profilingSouthIsland,NewZealand.Earth Planets Space,54,1011~1019.
Thomas M.,Brocher Robert W.,Clayton K.D.et al.,1995,LARSE.1MCS:Multichannel seismic-reflection profiling on the r/vmaurice ewing duringthe los angeles region seismic experiment(larse),California.U.S.Geol.Surv,Open File Rep,95~028.
Woods H.,1995,Los angeles region seismic experiment(larse)-cruise report.
WilliamJ.L.,Gary S.Fuis.,Clifford H.Thurber.et al.,1999,Tomographic images of the upper crust fromthe Los Angeles basintothe Mojave Desert,California:Result fromthe Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment.Journal of Geophysical Research,104(B11),25,543~25,565.
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