琼东南盆地南部梅山组强振幅体成因及油气地质意义
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摘要
基于高精度三维地震资料,利用等比例方差体切片技术,发现琼东南盆地南部深水区梅山组发育有一系列的强振幅地质体。通过对这些强振幅体的精细研究发现,平面上强振幅地质体的规模大小不等,长度约2～15km,宽度约500～5000 m,整体走向为近东西向。在强振幅地质体内部发育一系列的小断层系。强振幅体在东西部表现出不同的特征:东部表现为不规则的斑点状;西部表现为条带状。同时,在垂直于其走向的剖面上,强振幅体多表现为"V"或者"U"型的外部形态。这些强振幅地质体主要发育在隆起上的梅山组中,其下往往有断陷期开始发育的隐伏断层,且走向与渐新世末期断层的展布一致。盆地裂后期断层的活化使下伏古近系中的流体向上输导,深部流体沿梅山组内发育的断层系发生水—岩反应和随后可能的流体充注,导致了强振幅地质体的形成。这套强振幅地质体的发现对于琼东南盆地南部的深水油气勘探具有重要的指导作用。
Based on 3D high-resolution seismic data,a series of the high-amplitude reflections(HARs) were discovered in Meishan Formation in deepwater areas of the southern Qiongdongnan Basin using an isometric variance slice technique.The detailed observation of these HARs revealed that the generally E-W oriented HARs have variable scales,being 2-15 km in length and 500-5 000m in width.Small-scale faults are well developed within the HARs.Furthermore,the HARs show various features in different parts of the study area,for instance,they come in an irregular spotted shape in the east but stripped shape in the west.In sections perpendicular to the strike,the HARs are generally V-shaped or U-shaped by appearances and develop mainly on the uplifted Meishan Formation,beneath which there often exist buried faults formed during the rift-subsidence stage and having a strike consistent with the extension of terminal Oligocene faults.Therefore,the origin of HARs was attributed to the fault activation after the rifting of the basin,which resulted in an upward migration of fluids from underlying Paleogene strata,a water-rock interaction of deep fluids along the fault system developed within Meishan Formation,and probably a fluid charge thereafter.The discovery of the HARs in the study area is of directive importance in hydrocarbon exploration in deepwater areas of Qiongdongnan Basin.
Based on 3D high-resolution seismic data,a series of the high-amplitude reflections(HARs) were discovered in Meishan Formation in deepwater areas of the southern Qiongdongnan Basin using an isometric variance slice technique.The detailed observation of these HARs revealed that the generally E-W oriented HARs have variable scales,being 2-15 km in length and 500-5 000m in width.Small-scale faults are well developed within the HARs.Furthermore,the HARs show various features in different parts of the study area,for instance,they come in an irregular spotted shape in the east but stripped shape in the west.In sections perpendicular to the strike,the HARs are generally V-shaped or U-shaped by appearances and develop mainly on the uplifted Meishan Formation,beneath which there often exist buried faults formed during the rift-subsidence stage and having a strike consistent with the extension of terminal Oligocene faults.Therefore,the origin of HARs was attributed to the fault activation after the rifting of the basin,which resulted in an upward migration of fluids from underlying Paleogene strata,a water-rock interaction of deep fluids along the fault system developed within Meishan Formation,and probably a fluid charge thereafter.The discovery of the HARs in the study area is of directive importance in hydrocarbon exploration in deepwater areas of Qiongdongnan Basin.
引文
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[14]张功成,刘震,米立军,等.珠江口盆地—琼东南盆地深水区古近系沉积演化[J].沉积学报,2009,27(4):632-641.Zhang Gongcheng,Liu Zhen,Mi Lijun,et al.Sedimentary evolu-tion of Paleogene Series in deep water area of Zhujiangkou andQiongdongnan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(4):632-641.
[15]Xie X N,Muller R D,Ren J Y,et al.Stratigraphic architecture and e-volution of the continental slope system in offshore Hainan,northernSouth China Sea[J].Marine Geology,2008,247:129-144.
[16]何云龙,解习农,李俊良,等.琼东南盆地陆坡体系发育特征及其控制因素[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(2):118-122.He Yunlong,Xie Xinong,Li Junliang,et al.Depositional charac-teristics and controlling factors of continental slope system in theQiongdongnan Basin[J].Geological Science and Technology In-formation,2010,29(2):118-122.
[17]吴时国,秦蕴珊.南海北部陆坡深水沉积体系研究[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):922-930.Wu Shiguo,Qin Yunshan.The research of deepwater deposition-al system in the northern south China Sea[J].Acta Sedimento-logica Sinica,2009,27(5):922-930.
[18]何云龙,解习农,陆永潮,等.琼东南盆地深水块体流构成及其沉积特征[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):905-913.He Yunlong,Xie Xinong,Lu Yongchao,et al.Architecture andcharacteristics of mass transport deposites(MTDs)in Qiongdong-nan Basin in northern South China Sea[J].Earth Science:Journalof China University of Geosciences,2011,36(5):905-913.
[19]Su M,Xie X O,Li J L,et al.Gravity Flow on Slope and AbyssalSystems in the Qiongdongnan Basin,Northern South China Sea[J].Acta Geologica Sinica:English Edition,2011,85:243-253.
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[22]Clift P D,Sun Z.The sedimentary and tectonic evolution of theYinggehai-Song Hong basin and the southern Hainan margin,South China Sea:Implications for Tibetan uplift and monsoon in-tensification[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2006,111,B06405.
[23]赵民,张晓宝,吉利明,等.琼东南盆地构造演化特征及其对油气藏的控制浅析[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(3):494-502.Zhao Min,Zhang Xiaobao,Ji Liming,et al.Characteristics of tec-tonic evolution in the Qiongdongnan Basin and brief discussion a-bout its controlling on reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(3):494-502.
[24]王华,陆永潮,廖远涛,等.琼东南盆地中东部三亚组层序构成及有利区带预测[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2004,29(5):609-614.Wang Hua,Lu Yongchao,Liao Yuantao,et al.Sequence architec-ture and favorable reservoir prediction of Sanya Formation in theCentral and Eastern Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Earth Science:Jour-nal of China University of Geosciences,2004,29(5):609-614.
[25]Davies G R,Smith Jr L B.Structurally controlled hydrothermaldolomite reservoir facies:an overview[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1641-1690.
[26]李朋,任建业,阳怀忠,等.巴楚地区断裂带内热液流体活动及对碳酸盐岩改造的特征分析[J].大地构造与成矿,2011,35(3):378-385.Li Peng,Ren Jianye,Yang Huaizhong,et al.Hydrothermal activ-ities in the fault system and their effects on carbonate rocks inthe Bachu Area[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2011,35(3):378-385.
[27]焦存礼,何治亮,邢秀娟,等.塔里木盆地构造热液白云岩及其储层意义[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):277-284.Jiao Cunli,He Zhiliang,Xing Xiujuan,et al.Tectonic hydrother-mal dolomite and its significance of reservoirs in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(1):277-284.
[2]张功成,米立军,吴时国,等.深水区——南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):15-21.Zhang Gongcheng,Mi Lijun,Wu Shiguo,et al.Deepwater area:thenew prospecting targets of northern continental margin of SouthChina Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):15-21.
[3]朱伟林,张功成,高乐.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气地质特征与勘探方向[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):1-9.Zhu Weilin,Zhang Gongcheng,Gao Le.Geological characteristicsand exploration objectives of hydrocarbons in the northern conti-nental margin basin of South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):1-9.
[4]龚再升.中国近海含油气盆地新构造运动与油气成藏[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2004,35(5):513-517.Gong Zaisheng.Neotectonics and petroleum accumulation in off-shore chinese basins[J].Earth Science:Journal of China Univer-sity of Geosciences,2004,35(5):513-517.
[5]Xie X N,Muller R D,Li S T,et al.Origin of anomalous subsid-ence along the Northern South China Sea margin and its relation-ship to dynamic topography[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2006,23(7):745-765.
[6]魏魁生,崔旱云,叶淑芬,等.琼东南盆地高精度层序地层学研究[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2001,32(1):59-66.Wei Kuisheng,Cui Hanyun,Ye Shufen,et al.High-precision se-quence stratigraphy in Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2001,32(1):59-66.
[7]邵磊,李昂,吴国瑄,等.琼东南盆地沉积环境及物源演变特征[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):548-552.Shao Lei,Li Ang,Wu Guoxuan,et al.Evolution of sedimentaryenvironment and provenance in Qiongdongnan Basin in thenorthern South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(4):548-552.
[8]王振峰,李绪深,孙志鹏,等.琼东南盆地深水区油气成藏条件和勘探潜力[J].中国海上油气,2011,23(1):7-13.Wang Zhenfeng,Li Xushen,Sun Zhipeng,et al.Hydrocarbon ac-cumulation conditions and exploration potential in the deep-waterregion,Qiongdongnan basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2011,23(1):7-13.
[9]何仕斌,张功成,米立军,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地深水区储层类型及沉积演化[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):51-56.He Shibin,Zhang Gongcheng,Mi Lijun,et al.Reservoir type andsedimentary evolution in the continental margin deepwater areaof the northern South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(5):51-56.
[10]苏明,李俊良,姜涛,等.琼东南盆地中央峡谷的形态及成因[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(4):85-93.Su Ming,Li Junliang,Jiang Tao,et al.Morphological featuresand formation mechanism of central canyon in the QingdongnanBasin,Northern South China sea[J].Marine Geology&Quater-nary Geology,2009,29(4):85-93.
[11]马玉波,吴时国,许建龙,等.琼东南盆地南部深水凹陷生物礁及碳酸盐岩台地发育模式[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(1):119-124.Ma Yubo,Wu Shiguo,Xu Jianlong,et al.Distribution and model ofreef and carbonate platforms in the South Deepwater Sag of Qiong-dongnan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(1):119-124.
[12]Kolla V,Posamentier H W,Wood L J.Deep-water and fluvialsinuous channels-Characteristics,similarities and dissimilarities,and modes of formation[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2007,24:388-405.
[13]吴时国,孙启良,吴拓宇,等.琼东南盆地深水区多边形断层的发现及其油气意义[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):22-26.Wu Shiguo,Sun Qiliang,Wu Tuoyu,et al.Polygonal fault andoil-gas accumulation in deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(1):22-26.
[14]张功成,刘震,米立军,等.珠江口盆地—琼东南盆地深水区古近系沉积演化[J].沉积学报,2009,27(4):632-641.Zhang Gongcheng,Liu Zhen,Mi Lijun,et al.Sedimentary evolu-tion of Paleogene Series in deep water area of Zhujiangkou andQiongdongnan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(4):632-641.
[15]Xie X N,Muller R D,Ren J Y,et al.Stratigraphic architecture and e-volution of the continental slope system in offshore Hainan,northernSouth China Sea[J].Marine Geology,2008,247:129-144.
[16]何云龙,解习农,李俊良,等.琼东南盆地陆坡体系发育特征及其控制因素[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(2):118-122.He Yunlong,Xie Xinong,Li Junliang,et al.Depositional charac-teristics and controlling factors of continental slope system in theQiongdongnan Basin[J].Geological Science and Technology In-formation,2010,29(2):118-122.
[17]吴时国,秦蕴珊.南海北部陆坡深水沉积体系研究[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):922-930.Wu Shiguo,Qin Yunshan.The research of deepwater deposition-al system in the northern south China Sea[J].Acta Sedimento-logica Sinica,2009,27(5):922-930.
[18]何云龙,解习农,陆永潮,等.琼东南盆地深水块体流构成及其沉积特征[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2011,36(5):905-913.He Yunlong,Xie Xinong,Lu Yongchao,et al.Architecture andcharacteristics of mass transport deposites(MTDs)in Qiongdong-nan Basin in northern South China Sea[J].Earth Science:Journalof China University of Geosciences,2011,36(5):905-913.
[19]Su M,Xie X O,Li J L,et al.Gravity Flow on Slope and AbyssalSystems in the Qiongdongnan Basin,Northern South China Sea[J].Acta Geologica Sinica:English Edition,2011,85:243-253.
[20]魏喜.西沙海域晚新生代礁相碳酸盐岩形成条件及油气勘探前景[D].北京:中国地质大学,2006.Wei Xi.Forming condition of Late-Cenozoic reef facies carbonaterocks in Xisha Sea area and their oil and gas exploration potential[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2006.
[21]Wu S G,Yuan S Q,Zhang G C,et al.Seismic characteristics of areef carbonate reservoir and implications for hydrocarbon explo-ration in deepwater of the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern SouthChina Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2009,26:817-823.
[22]Clift P D,Sun Z.The sedimentary and tectonic evolution of theYinggehai-Song Hong basin and the southern Hainan margin,South China Sea:Implications for Tibetan uplift and monsoon in-tensification[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2006,111,B06405.
[23]赵民,张晓宝,吉利明,等.琼东南盆地构造演化特征及其对油气藏的控制浅析[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(3):494-502.Zhao Min,Zhang Xiaobao,Ji Liming,et al.Characteristics of tec-tonic evolution in the Qiongdongnan Basin and brief discussion a-bout its controlling on reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2010,21(3):494-502.
[24]王华,陆永潮,廖远涛,等.琼东南盆地中东部三亚组层序构成及有利区带预测[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2004,29(5):609-614.Wang Hua,Lu Yongchao,Liao Yuantao,et al.Sequence architec-ture and favorable reservoir prediction of Sanya Formation in theCentral and Eastern Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Earth Science:Jour-nal of China University of Geosciences,2004,29(5):609-614.
[25]Davies G R,Smith Jr L B.Structurally controlled hydrothermaldolomite reservoir facies:an overview[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1641-1690.
[26]李朋,任建业,阳怀忠,等.巴楚地区断裂带内热液流体活动及对碳酸盐岩改造的特征分析[J].大地构造与成矿,2011,35(3):378-385.Li Peng,Ren Jianye,Yang Huaizhong,et al.Hydrothermal activ-ities in the fault system and their effects on carbonate rocks inthe Bachu Area[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2011,35(3):378-385.
[27]焦存礼,何治亮,邢秀娟,等.塔里木盆地构造热液白云岩及其储层意义[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):277-284.Jiao Cunli,He Zhiliang,Xing Xiujuan,et al.Tectonic hydrother-mal dolomite and its significance of reservoirs in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(1):277-284.
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