塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡奥陶系风化壳成藏条件
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摘要
基于地震、钻井资料综合研究,分析塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡及其周缘古隆起背景上奥陶系风化壳特征及其储集层发育主控因素,探讨该区油气分布规律与勘探方向。区域构造成图与构造解析表明,麦盖提斜坡及其周缘发育塔里木盆地最大规模的奥陶系碳酸盐岩风化壳,与上覆志留系/石炭系泥岩形成优质储盖组合。奥陶系碳酸盐岩历经多期大型岩溶作用,以受古岩溶地貌、构造作用与岩性控制的小型缝洞体储集层为主。已有钻探多位于北部岩溶缓坡—洼地,岩溶作用较弱、充填严重,据古地貌分析与储集层预测,南部岩溶斜坡区储集层应更发育。构造演化与生烃演化史综合分析表明,碳酸盐岩古隆起演化与变迁控制了油气的运聚与分布,具有晚海西期成油、喜马拉雅晚期调整与原油裂解气再成藏的两期充注史。古隆起东西两端的玛南、麦西斜坡区长期位于油气聚集与调整的有利部位,具备形成大面积碳酸盐岩缝洞型岩性油气藏的地质条件,是塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩油气勘探的有利接替领域。
Based on the seismic and drilling data,the characteristics and reservoir controlling factors,as well as oil and gas distribution law and exploration direction,are analyzed in the Ordovician weathered crust in the Maigaiti slope and its periphery with paleo-uplift background in the Tarim Basin.Structure mapping and analysis reveal that the largest carbonate weathered crust is developed around the Maigaiti slope which forms a favorable reservoir-seal assemblage with the overlying Silurian/Carboniferous mudstone.The Ordovician carbonates experienced multi-stages of karstification and are dominated by small-size fracture-vug reservoirs which are controlled by the karst palaeo-geomorphology,tectonism and lithology.Drilled wells are located mainly in the northern karst depression which has weak karstification and heavy filling.Palaeo-geomorphology reconstruction and seismic reservoir prediction suggest that reservoirs be well-developed in the southern karst slope.The comprehensive analysis of structure revolution and hydrocarbon generation history demonstrates that the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation is controlled by the evolution and migration of the palaeo-uplift.There are two charging stages: large scale oil accumulation in the late Hercynian period and adjustment and re-accumulation of oil cracked gas in the late Himalayan period.The Manan and Maixi slopes in the eastern and western sides of the palaeo-uplift are the favorable areas for hydrocarbon accumulation and adjustment over a long period of time,have the conditions of forming large-scale carbonate fracture-vug type pools,and are important strategic relay exploration areas in the Tarim Basin.
Based on the seismic and drilling data,the characteristics and reservoir controlling factors,as well as oil and gas distribution law and exploration direction,are analyzed in the Ordovician weathered crust in the Maigaiti slope and its periphery with paleo-uplift background in the Tarim Basin.Structure mapping and analysis reveal that the largest carbonate weathered crust is developed around the Maigaiti slope which forms a favorable reservoir-seal assemblage with the overlying Silurian/Carboniferous mudstone.The Ordovician carbonates experienced multi-stages of karstification and are dominated by small-size fracture-vug reservoirs which are controlled by the karst palaeo-geomorphology,tectonism and lithology.Drilled wells are located mainly in the northern karst depression which has weak karstification and heavy filling.Palaeo-geomorphology reconstruction and seismic reservoir prediction suggest that reservoirs be well-developed in the southern karst slope.The comprehensive analysis of structure revolution and hydrocarbon generation history demonstrates that the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation is controlled by the evolution and migration of the palaeo-uplift.There are two charging stages: large scale oil accumulation in the late Hercynian period and adjustment and re-accumulation of oil cracked gas in the late Himalayan period.The Manan and Maixi slopes in the eastern and western sides of the palaeo-uplift are the favorable areas for hydrocarbon accumulation and adjustment over a long period of time,have the conditions of forming large-scale carbonate fracture-vug type pools,and are important strategic relay exploration areas in the Tarim Basin.
引文
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[2]何登发,柳少波,李洪辉,等.塔里木盆地大油田的勘探方向:以麦盖提斜坡构造为例[J].勘探家,1999,4(2):57-64.He Dengfa,Liu Shaobo,Li Honghui,et al.The big oil fieldexploration direction in Tarim basin:A case study of Maigaiti slopestructure[J].Petroleum Explorationist,1999,4(2):57-64.
[3]周新源,杨海军,李勇,等.中国海相油气田勘探实例之七:塔里木盆地和田河气田的勘探与发现[J].海相油气地质,2006,11(3):55-62.Zhou Xinyuan,Yang Haijun,Li Yong,et al.Cases of discovery andexploration of marine fields in China(Part 7):Hotanhe gas field inTarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2006,11(3):55-62.
[4]杨海军,李勇,单家增,等.岩石物性对油气成藏过程的控制作用:以塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡为例[J].岩石学报,2007,23(4):823-830.Yang Haijun,Li Yong,Shan Jiazeng,et al.Controlled effort of rockphysical properties to migration and accumulation process of oil andgas:An example from Maigaiti slope,Tarim basin,China[J].ActaPetrologica Sinica,2007,23(4):823-830.
[5]陈强路,周凌方,张根法,等.塔里木盆地巴楚—麦盖提地区油气勘探领域评价[J].石油实验地质,2009,31(4):343-349.Chen Qianglu,Zhou Lingfang,Zhang Genfa,et al.Evaluation of oiland gas exploration domains in Bachu-Maigaiti area of Tarimbasin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2009,31(4):343-349.
[6]康玉柱.中国古生代海相油气田发现的回顾与启示[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(5):570-575.Kang Yuzhu.Review and revelation of oil/gas discoveries in thePaleozoic marine strata of China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(5):570-575.
[7]Zhou Xinyuan,Pang Xiongqi,Li Qiming,et al.Advances andproblems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area,TarimBasin[J].Petroleum Science,2010,7(2):164-178.
[8]李洪辉,邬光辉,王洪江,等.塔里木盆地和田河气田周缘构造演化、成藏与勘探领域[J].现代地质,2009,23(4):587-594.Li Honghui,Wu Guanghui,Wang Hongjiang,et al.Structuralevolution,reservoir-forming and exploration field of peripheral areaof the Hetianhe Gas Field in Tarim Basin[J].Geoscience,2009,23(4):587-594.
[9]吕海涛,张仲培,邵志兵,等.塔里木盆地巴楚—麦盖提地区早古生代古隆起的演化及其勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):76-83.LüHaitao,Zhang Zhongpei,Shao Zhibing,et al.Structural evolutionand exploration significance of the Early Paleozoic palaeouplifts inBachu-Maigaiti area,the Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(1):76-83.
[10]佘晓宇,施泽进,刘高波.巴楚—麦盖提地区油气成藏的输导系统[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(4):346-350.She Xiaoyu,Shi Zejin,Liu Gaobo.Pathway system of oil and gasmigration in Bachu-Maigaiti area[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2003,24(4):346-350.
[11]刘高波,施泽进,佘晓宇.巴楚—麦盖提地区的构造演化与油气成藏[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2004,31(2):157-161.Liu Gaobo,Shi Zejin,She Xiaoyu.Regional tectonic evolution anddistribution of Bachu-Markit[J].Journal of Chengdu University ofTechnology:Science&Technology Edition,2004,31(2):157-161.
[12]马红强,王恕一,蔺军.塔里木盆地巴楚-麦盖提地区油气运聚与成藏[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(3):243-248.Ma Hongqiang,Wang Shuyi,Lin Jun.Hydrocarbon migration andaccumulation characteristics in the Bachu-Maigaiti area of the Tarimbasin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2006,28(3):243-248.
[13]邵志兵,吕海涛,耿锋.塔里木盆地麦盖提地区石炭系油藏地球化学特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):84-90.Shao Zhibing,LüHaitao,Geng Feng.Geochemical characteristics ofthe Carboniferous oil pools in Maigaiti area,the Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(1):84-90.
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[17]王琪,史基安,陈国俊.塔里木盆地西部碳酸盐岩成岩演化与储层形成关系[J].沉积学报,2001,19(4):548-555.Wang Qi,Shi Ji’an,Chen Guojun.Characteristics of diageneticenvironments of carbonate rocks in western Tarim basin and theircontrols on the reservoir property[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2001,19(4):548-555.
[18]杨威,魏国齐,王清华,等.和田河气田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及建设性成岩作用[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(3):191-195.Yang Wei,Wei Guoqi,Wang Qinghua,et al.Carbonate rock reservoirand constructive diagenesis of Ordovician in Hetianhe Gas Field,Tarim basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2003,14(3):191-195.
[19]王招明,王清华,王媛.塔里木盆地和田河气田成藏条件及控制因素[J].海相油气地质,2000,5(1/2):124-132.Wang Zhaoming,Wang Qinghua,Wang Yuan.Conditions andcontrolling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation of Hetianhe GasField,Tarim Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2000,5(1/2):124-132.
[20]张现军,朱长见,师骏,等.塔里木盆地和田河气田及其周缘地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集层特征探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(1):120-125.Zhang Xianjun,Zhu Changjian,Shi Jun,et al.Characteristics ofOrdovician carbonate reservoirs in Hetian River Gasfield and itsadjacent areas[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2008,19(1):120-125.
[21]秦胜飞,贾承造,李梅.和田河气田天然气东西部差异及原因[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(5):16-18.Qin Shengfei,Jia Chengzao,Li Mei.The difference in geochemicalcharacteristics of natural gases between eastern and western parts inHetianhe gas field of Tarim basin and its origin[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2002,29(5):16-18.
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