煤矿采空区及巷道的井地联合地震超前勘探
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摘要
废弃矿井的采空区及巷道由于位置不清楚极易造成水患危及矿工生命安全,其超前探测是煤矿一直希望解决的问题。在陕北某煤矿井下通过在煤壁中放炮,地表布设地震仪接收的方式,采集了井地联合地震数据。在对此数据进行地表高差走时补偿之后,根据速度差异,确定出了炮点前方采空区沿侧线方向上的分布边界。应用散射波成像技术,将煤层顶板滑行波在巷道边界激发的散射波能量相对增强并成像,确认此处确实存在地质不连续体(巷道)。结果表明,井下放炮,地表接收的井地联合超前探测方式,对煤层前方废弃巷道、采空区的探测具有良好的效果。
The unknown goafs and roadways of abandoned coalmines can be a serious hazard of water inrush for coalmine workers.Consequently,the advance detection of such hazard is of significance.By detonating seismic charges in underground coal seams,the seismic data can be collected using a surface survey line which is located across the surface projection of the underground shot points.This experiment was conducted at a coalmine in Shaanxi Province.After surface elevation compensation and travel time adjustments,the position of goaf boundary along the survey line was accurately determined based on the wave velocity anomaly on the seismic record.Then a scattered wave imaging technique was used to enhance the energy of the scattered waves that were generated when coal seam roof slide wave(refracted wave when the incident angle bigger than the critical angle) hit the roadway,thus the location of a geological discontinuity(roadway) was identified.This experiment results show that the coalmine-ground seismic method,employing an underground explosive charge and a surface seismic array,has the ability to detect an abandoned roadway and goaf ahead of coal mining.
The unknown goafs and roadways of abandoned coalmines can be a serious hazard of water inrush for coalmine workers.Consequently,the advance detection of such hazard is of significance.By detonating seismic charges in underground coal seams,the seismic data can be collected using a surface survey line which is located across the surface projection of the underground shot points.This experiment was conducted at a coalmine in Shaanxi Province.After surface elevation compensation and travel time adjustments,the position of goaf boundary along the survey line was accurately determined based on the wave velocity anomaly on the seismic record.Then a scattered wave imaging technique was used to enhance the energy of the scattered waves that were generated when coal seam roof slide wave(refracted wave when the incident angle bigger than the critical angle) hit the roadway,thus the location of a geological discontinuity(roadway) was identified.This experiment results show that the coalmine-ground seismic method,employing an underground explosive charge and a surface seismic array,has the ability to detect an abandoned roadway and goaf ahead of coal mining.
引文
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[3]赵兆,王勇,张仲礼.瑞利波超前探技术在跟踪长距离掘进巷道中的应用研究[J].西北地质,2010,43(2):65-69.Zhao Zhao,Wang Yong,Zhang Zhongli.Application of rayleigh wave probing technology in tracing the long driving roadway[J].Northwestern Geology,2010,43(2):65-69.
[4]丛皖平,张鹏,王继矿.多道瑞利波在矿井独头巷道超前探中的应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2008,36(4):67-69.Cong Wanping,Zhang Peng,Wang Jikuang.Application of multichannel rayleigh wave method on the advanced detecting technology to blinded leading[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2008,36(4):67-69.
[5]Buchanan D J.The scattering of SH-channel waves by a fault in a coal seam[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1986,34(3):343-365.
[6]Krey T C.Channel waves as a tool of applied geophyiscs in coal mining[J].Geophysics,1963,28(6):701-714.
[7]Buchanan D J,Davis R,Jackson P J,et al.Fault detection by channel wave seismology in United Kingdom coal seams[J].Geophysics,1981,46:994-1002.
[8]Dresen L,Freystatter S.Rayleigh channel waves for the inseam seismic detection of discontinuities[J].J.of Geophys.,1976,42:111-129.
[9]Felsen L B,Marcuvitz N.Radiation and scattering of waves[J].New Jersey:Prentice Hall,1973.
[10]陈钢,许维进,梁京华,等.浅层地震采空区探测计算机仿真正演[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(1):18-23.Chen Gang,Xu Weijin,Liang Jinghua,et al.Computer forward simulation for detecting mine-out area by shallow seismic reflection[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(3):251-255.
[11]尹军杰,邢春颖,王伟.低信噪比地震数据散射成像方法及应用[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2064-2067.Yin Junjie,Xing Chunying,Wang Wei.A method and its application of scattered-wave image for low signal to-noise seismic data[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2064-2067.
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