查干凹陷白垩系至新生界不整合类型和特征
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摘要
查干凹陷经历了极其复杂的构造活动过程,形成多个不整合类型。在系统划分该凹陷白垩系至新生界不同级次层序的基础上,识别了各级层序界面的不整合类型,提出了一种新的不整合类型划分方案。根据不整合面上下地层几何关系、地震反射终止形式和不整合面成因机制(构造和沉积),将查干凹陷不整合划分为2大类:角度不整合、平行或微角度不整合,进一步划分为7种基本类型:褶皱型、断褶型、削蚀型3种构造不整合以及超覆型、退覆型、顶超型、整一型4种沉积不整合。在这7种基本类型的基础上,按照A/B-C·D代码系统划分不整合类型的新方法,将查干凹陷不整合细分为9小类:上超/整一-超覆型、上超/顶超-超覆型、上超/削截-超覆·削蚀型、上超/削截-断褶·退覆型、整一/削截-削蚀型、整一/削截-褶皱型6种角度不整合类型,以及整一/顶超-顶超型、整一/整一-整一α型、整一/整一-整一β型3种平行或微角度不整合类型。各级层序界面不整合类型的基本分布规律是,洼陷中心主要发育平行或微角度不整合类型,向外渐过渡为角度不整合类型,高级次层序单元(如一级层序、构造层序和超层序)界面常发育多种角度不整合类型并作为主体,低级次层序单元(如层序)界面常发育多种平行或微角度不整合类型并作为主体。
Chagan Sag has experienced the extremely-complex tectonic activity processes and formed several unconformity types. Based on the systematical subdivision of different -order sequences from Cretaceous through Cenozoic in the Sag, the unconformity types of different -order sequence boundaries are identified, and a new classification scheme for unconformity types is put forward. Mainly according to the geometrical relationship between the two sides of unconformity plane, the seismic reflection termination style, and the unconformity formation mechanism (tectonism and deposition), the unconformities in Chagan Sag are divided into two categories, including angle unconformity and parallel -or -slight -angled unconformity, and further divided into seven basic types, including three kinds of tectonic unconformities, such as fold unconformity, fault -fold unconformity, and truncation unconformity, and four kinds of depositional unconformities, such as overlap unconformity, offlap unconformity, toplap unconformity, and concordance unconformity. Based on the seven basic types of unconformities, and according to the new method that divides unconformity types based on A/B-C·D code system, the unconformities in Chagan Sag are subdivided into nine sub-types, including six angle unconformity types, such as onlap/ concordance -overlap type, onlap/toplap -overlap type, onlap/truncation -overlap truncation type, onlap/truncation -fault -fold offlap type, concordance/truncation-truncation type, and concordance/truncation-fold type, and three parallel -or -slight -angled unconformity types, such as concordance/toplap -toplap type, concordance/concordance -concordance α type, and concordance/concordance -concordance β type. The basic distribution law for the unconformity types of different -order sequence boundaries is that parallel -or -slight -angled unconformity types are mainly formed in sub -sag center and angle unconformity types at outskirts, and the boundaries of high -order sequence units, such as first-order sequence, tectonic sequence, and super sequence, usually have a variety of angle unconformity types as their main body, and the boundaries of low-order sequence units, such as third-order sequence, usually have a variety of parallel-or- slight-angled unconformity types as their main body.
Chagan Sag has experienced the extremely-complex tectonic activity processes and formed several unconformity types. Based on the systematical subdivision of different -order sequences from Cretaceous through Cenozoic in the Sag, the unconformity types of different -order sequence boundaries are identified, and a new classification scheme for unconformity types is put forward. Mainly according to the geometrical relationship between the two sides of unconformity plane, the seismic reflection termination style, and the unconformity formation mechanism (tectonism and deposition), the unconformities in Chagan Sag are divided into two categories, including angle unconformity and parallel -or -slight -angled unconformity, and further divided into seven basic types, including three kinds of tectonic unconformities, such as fold unconformity, fault -fold unconformity, and truncation unconformity, and four kinds of depositional unconformities, such as overlap unconformity, offlap unconformity, toplap unconformity, and concordance unconformity. Based on the seven basic types of unconformities, and according to the new method that divides unconformity types based on A/B-C·D code system, the unconformities in Chagan Sag are subdivided into nine sub-types, including six angle unconformity types, such as onlap/ concordance -overlap type, onlap/toplap -overlap type, onlap/truncation -overlap truncation type, onlap/truncation -fault -fold offlap type, concordance/truncation-truncation type, and concordance/truncation-fold type, and three parallel -or -slight -angled unconformity types, such as concordance/toplap -toplap type, concordance/concordance -concordance α type, and concordance/concordance -concordance β type. The basic distribution law for the unconformity types of different -order sequence boundaries is that parallel -or -slight -angled unconformity types are mainly formed in sub -sag center and angle unconformity types at outskirts, and the boundaries of high -order sequence units, such as first-order sequence, tectonic sequence, and super sequence, usually have a variety of angle unconformity types as their main body, and the boundaries of low-order sequence units, such as third-order sequence, usually have a variety of parallel-or- slight-angled unconformity types as their main body.
引文
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[16]范昌育,王震亮,英亚歌,等.东濮凹陷北部东营组不整合类型及油气地质意义[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2011,41(4):669-675.Fan Changyu,Wang Zhenliang,Ying Yage,et al.Journal of Northwest University:Natural Science Edition,2011,41(4):669-675.
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[20]隋风贵,赵乐强.济阳坳陷不整合结构类型及控藏作用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2006,30(2):161-167.Sui Fenggui,Zhao Leqiang.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2006,30(2):161-167.
[21]吴孔友,查明,肖敦清,等.黄骅坳陷埕北断坡不整合特征与油气成藏[J].古地理学报,2008,10(5):545-554.Wu Kongyou,Cha Ming,Xiao Dunqing,et al.Journal of Palaeogeography,2008,10(5):545-554.
[22]赵卫卫,计红.柴达木盆地东部地区不整合类型和分布规律[J].西北地质,2011,44(4):97-104.Zhao Weiwei,Ji Hong.Northwestern Geology,2011,44(4):97-104.
[2]卫平生,张虎权,陈启林.银根-额济纳旗盆地油气地质特征及勘探前景[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:1-345.Wei Pingsheng,Zhang Huquan,Chen Qilin.Petroleum geological characteristics and prospect of exploration for oil and gas in Yingen-Ejinaqi basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006:1-345.
[3]徐会永,蒋有录,张立强,等.查干凹陷构造样式及其构造演化[J].油气地质与采收率,2008,15(4):13-15.Xu Huiyong,Jiang Youlu,Zhang Liqiang,et al.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2008,15(4):13-15.
[4]陆克政.关于不整合的分类和含油盆地不整合的分布[J].华东石油学院学报,1980(3):10-19.Lu Kezheng.Journal of Huadong Petroleum Institute,1980(3):10-19.
[5]翟裕生.不整合面对内生成矿作用的意义[J].地质论评,1965,23(5):359-364.Zhai Yusheng.Geological Review,1965,23(5):359-364.
[6]潘钟祥.不整合对于油气运移聚集的重要性及寻找不整合面下的某些油气藏[J].地质论评,1983,29(4):374-381.Pan Zhongxiang.Geological Review,1983,29(4):374-381.
[7]袁秉衡,林梁,刘秋生.重要的油气圈闭-不整合圈闭[J].石油勘探与开发,1985,12(1):1-7.Yuan Bingheng,Lin Liang,Liu Qiusheng.Petroleum Exploration and Development,1985,12(1):1-7.
[8]艾华国,兰林英,张克银,等.塔里木盆地前上二叠统顶面不整合特征及其控油意义[J].江汉石油学院学报,1997,19(2):7-12.Ai Huaguo,Lan Linying,Zhang Keyin,et al.Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,1997,19(2):7-12.
[9]吴亚军,张守安,艾华国.塔里木盆地不整合类型及其与油气藏的关系[J].新疆石油地质,1998,19(2):101-105.Wu Yajun,Zhang Shou'an,Ai Huaguo.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1998,19(2):101-105.
[10]程日辉,林畅松,刘景彦.盆地研究中不整合成因分析[J].世界地质,1998,17(3):23-27.Cheng Rihui,Lin Changsong,Liu Jingyan.Global Geology,1998,17(3):23-27.
[11]牟中海,何琰,唐勇,等.准噶尔盆地陆西地区不整合与油气成藏的关系[J].石油学报,2005,26(3):16-20.Mou Zhonghai,He Yan,Tang Yong,et al.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(3):16-20.
[12]郭维华,牟中海,赵卫军,等.准噶尔盆地不整合类型与油气运聚关系研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2006,28(2):1-3.Guo Weihua,Mou Zhonghai,Zhao Weijun,et al.Journal of Southwest Petroleum University,2006,28(2):1-3.
[13]何琰,牟中海.准噶尔盆地不整合类型和分布规律[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,29(2):61-64.He Yan,Mou Zhonghai.Journal of Southwest Petroleum University,2007,29(2):61-64.
[14]何登发.不整合面的结构与油气聚集[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(2):142-149.He Dengfa.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(2):142-149.
[15]尹微,陈昭年,许浩,等.不整合类型及其油气地质意义[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(2):239-241.Yin Wei,Chen Zhaonian,Xu Hao,et al.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2006,27(2):239-241.
[16]范昌育,王震亮,英亚歌,等.东濮凹陷北部东营组不整合类型及油气地质意义[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2011,41(4):669-675.Fan Changyu,Wang Zhenliang,Ying Yage,et al.Journal of Northwest University:Natural Science Edition,2011,41(4):669-675.
[17]高渐珍.查干凹陷原型盆地分析[J].内蒙古石油化工,2002,28(4):238-239.Gao Jianzhen.Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2002,28(4):238-239.
[18]徐怀大,樊太亮,韩革华,等.新疆塔里木盆地层序地层特征[M].北京:地质出版社,1997:1-227.Xu Huaida,Fan Tailiang,Han Gehua,et al.Sequence stratigraphic characteristics of Tarim Basin in Xinjiang[M].Beijing:Geology Press,1997:1-227.
[19]蔡希源,李思田.陆相盆地高精度层序地层学:隐蔽油气藏勘探基础、方法与实践:基础理论篇[M].北京:地质出版社,2003:1-271.Cai Xiyuan,Li Sitian.High-precision sequence stratigraphy of continental basin:Basis,methods and practice of exploration for subtle reservoirs:Basic Theory[M].Beijing:Geology Press,2003:1-271.
[20]隋风贵,赵乐强.济阳坳陷不整合结构类型及控藏作用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2006,30(2):161-167.Sui Fenggui,Zhao Leqiang.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2006,30(2):161-167.
[21]吴孔友,查明,肖敦清,等.黄骅坳陷埕北断坡不整合特征与油气成藏[J].古地理学报,2008,10(5):545-554.Wu Kongyou,Cha Ming,Xiao Dunqing,et al.Journal of Palaeogeography,2008,10(5):545-554.
[22]赵卫卫,计红.柴达木盆地东部地区不整合类型和分布规律[J].西北地质,2011,44(4):97-104.Zhao Weiwei,Ji Hong.Northwestern Geology,2011,44(4):97-104.
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