塔里木盆地库车坳陷中部构造变形样式及分布特征
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摘要
库车坳陷是塔里木盆地北部一个次级构造单元,受晚新生代陆内造山作用控制,发育典型的挤压冲断构造;同时,由于古近系和新近系盐层的存在,发育丰富的盐相关构造;另外,冲断构造各段之间的调节作用还形成了一系列的走滑构造。本文利用最新的2D、3D地震资料及钻井资料,分析总结了库车坳陷中部的变形样式及分布特征。研究结果表明:1)根据变形的成因机制,将库车坳陷的构造变形划分为收缩构造、盐构造及走滑构造。2)收缩构造以逆冲断层及褶皱样式为主,盐上构造层可划分为断层相关褶皱和褶皱相关断层,其中断层多在盐层内滑脱。盐下构造层根据断层组合方式可划分为叠瓦状冲断构造、楔形冲断构造及滑脱冲断构造。盐构造可以划分为盐席、盐墙、盐楔入、盐刺穿及盐拱构造。走滑构造在剖面上可见花状构造及不协调变形,平面上则可见雁列褶皱、马尾断层及海豚效应。3)收缩构造及盐构造主要分布于克拉苏构造带及秋里塔格构造带内,自南天山至盆地中心,盐下构造层由叠瓦状冲断构造过渡至滑脱冲断构造,过渡带内则发育楔形冲断构造;走滑构造集中于坳陷西部的阿瓦特—却勒构造段以及东部的克拉3—东秋8构造段。
Kuqa depression is a secondary tectonic unit of Tarim Basin,which formed typical compressive thrust structures under the action of the intra-continent orogeny in late Cenozoic.It also developed complex salt tectonic because of the evaporite rocks in Paleogene and Neogene and the strike-slip structures in the transfer zone of thrust belt.Based on the new 2D/3D seismic and well data,the research on the deformation style and distribution law in the middle part of Kuqa depression was finished.The result shows that.1 ) Based on the deformation genetic mechanism,the deformation styles can be divided into three types.They are compression structure,salt structure and strike-slip structure.2) Compression structure mainly performed as thrust and fold,which can be divided into fault-related fold and fold-related fault in overburden of salt layer and imbricate thrust structure,wedge-shape structure and detachment thrust structure in subsalt layer.The fault of overburden of salt layer mainly detachment in salt layer. The salt structure can be divided into salt-sheet,salt-wall,salt-wedge,salt-diapir and salt-arch structure.Strike-slip structure can be found as flower structure and uncoordinated deformation in vertical and en echelon folds,horsetail fault and dolphin structure in the plane.3) Compression structure and salt structure mainly distributed in Kelasu belt and Qiulitage belt. The imbricate thrust structure,wedge-shape structure and detachment thrust structure distributed in subsalt layer from South Tianshan Mountain to the basin.The strike-slip structure can be found in Awate-Quele belt and Kela 3-Dongqiu 8 belt.
Kuqa depression is a secondary tectonic unit of Tarim Basin,which formed typical compressive thrust structures under the action of the intra-continent orogeny in late Cenozoic.It also developed complex salt tectonic because of the evaporite rocks in Paleogene and Neogene and the strike-slip structures in the transfer zone of thrust belt.Based on the new 2D/3D seismic and well data,the research on the deformation style and distribution law in the middle part of Kuqa depression was finished.The result shows that.1 ) Based on the deformation genetic mechanism,the deformation styles can be divided into three types.They are compression structure,salt structure and strike-slip structure.2) Compression structure mainly performed as thrust and fold,which can be divided into fault-related fold and fold-related fault in overburden of salt layer and imbricate thrust structure,wedge-shape structure and detachment thrust structure in subsalt layer.The fault of overburden of salt layer mainly detachment in salt layer. The salt structure can be divided into salt-sheet,salt-wall,salt-wedge,salt-diapir and salt-arch structure.Strike-slip structure can be found as flower structure and uncoordinated deformation in vertical and en echelon folds,horsetail fault and dolphin structure in the plane.3) Compression structure and salt structure mainly distributed in Kelasu belt and Qiulitage belt. The imbricate thrust structure,wedge-shape structure and detachment thrust structure distributed in subsalt layer from South Tianshan Mountain to the basin.The strike-slip structure can be found in Awate-Quele belt and Kela 3-Dongqiu 8 belt.
引文
何登发,John Suppe,贾承造.2005.断层相关褶皱理论与应用研究新进展.地学前缘,12(4):353-364. He Dengfa,John Suppe and Jia Chengzhao.2005.New advances in theory and application of fault-related folding.Earth Science Frontiers,12(4):353-364.
何登发,周新源,杨海军,雷刚林,马玉杰.2009.库车坳陷的地质结构及其对大油气田的控制作用.大地构造与成矿学,3(1):19-32. He Dengfa,Zhou Xinyuan,Yang Haijun,Lei Ganglin and Ma Yujie.2009.Geological structure and its controls on giant oil and gas fields in Kuqa depression,Tarim Basin:A clue from new shot seismic data.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,3(1 ): 19-32.
贾承造,周新源,王招明,皮学军,李启明.2002.克拉2气田的发现及勘探技术.中国石油勘探,7(1):79-88. Jia Chengzhao,Zhou Xinyuan,Wang Zhaoming,Pi Xuejun and Li Qiming.2002.Discovery of Kela-2 gas field and exploration technology.China Petroleum Exploration,7(1 ):79-88.
金之钧.2006.中国典型叠合盆地油气成藏研究新进展(之二)——以塔里木盆地为例.石油与天然气地质,27(3): 281-288. Jin Zhijun.2006.New advancement in research of China's typical superimposed basins and reservoiring(PartⅡ):Taking the Tarim Basin as an example.Oil & Gas Geology,27(3):281-288.
李曰俊,杨海军,赵岩,罗俊成,郑多明,刘亚雷.2009.南天山区域大地构造与演化.大地构造与成矿学,33(1):94-104. Li Yuejun,Yang Haijun,Zhao Yan,Luo Juncheng Zheng Duoming and Liu Yalei.2009.Tectonic framework and evolution of south Tianshan,NW China.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,33(1 ):94-104.
吕修祥,金之钧,周新源,皮学军.2000.塔里木盆地库车坳陷与膏盐岩相关的油气聚集.石油勘探与开发,27(4):20 21. Lü Xiuxiang,Jin Zhijun,Zhou Xinyuan and Pi Xuejun.2000.Oil and gas accumulation related to evaporite rocks in Kuqu Depression of Tarim Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,27(4):20-21.
漆家福,雷刚林,李明刚,谷永兴.2009a.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带的结构模型及其形成机制.大地构造与成矿学,33 (1):49-56. Qi Jiafu,Lei Ganglin,Li Minggang and Gu Yongxing.2009a.Analysis of structure model and formation mechanism of Kelasu structure zone,Kuqa dpression.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,33(1 ):49-56.
漆家福,雷刚林,李明刚,谢会文,杨书江.2009b.库车坳陷—南天山盆山过渡带的收缩构造变形模式.地学前缘,16 (3):120-128. Qi Jiafu,Lei Ganglin,Li Minggang,Xie Huiwen and Yang Shujiang.2009b.A model of contractional structure for transition belt between Kuche depression and southern Tianshan uplift.Earth Science Frontiers,16(3):120-128.
汤良杰,李京昌,余一欣,王清华,杨文静,谢会文,陈书平,彭更新.2006.库车前陆褶皱—冲断带盐构造差异变形和分段性特征探讨.地质学报,80(3):313-320. Tang Liangjie,Li Jingchang,Yu Yixin,Wang Qinghua,Yang Wenjing,Xie Huiwen,Chen Shuping and Peng Gengxin.2006. Differential salt tectonic deformation and segmentation of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt,Tarim Basin,northwest China.Acta Geologica Sinica,80(3):313-320.
汪新,唐鹏程,谢会文,雷刚林,黄少英.2009.库车坳陷西段新生代盐构造特征及演化.大地构造与成矿学,33(1): 57-65. Wang Xin,Tang Pengcheng,Xie Huiwen,Lei Ganglin and Huang Shaoying.2009.Cenozoic salt structures and evolution in the western Kuqa depression,Tarim Basin,China.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,33(1 ):57-65.
邬光辉,罗春树,胡太平,黄广建,席勤,李文华.2007.褶皱相关断层——以库车坳陷新生界盐上构造层为例.地质科学,42(3):496-505. Wu Guanghui,Luo Chunshu,Hu Taiping,Huang Guangjian,Xi Qin and Li Wenhua.2007.Fold-related faulting:An example from the Cenozoic salt-overlying beds in the Kuqa depression.Chinese journal of Geology,42(3):496-305.
严俊君,黄太柱.1995.塔里木盆地北部构造样式.地球科学,20(3):264-270. Yan Junjun and Hang Taizhu.1995.Structural styles of northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang.Earth Science,20(3):264-270.
余一欣,汤良杰,李京昌,杨文静,金文正,彭更新,雷刚林,万桂梅.2006.库车前陆褶皱—冲断带基底断裂对盐构造形成的影响.地质学报,80(3):330-336. Yu Yixin,Tang Liangjie,Li Jingchang,Yang Wenjing,Jin Wenzheng,Peng Gengxin,Lei Ganglin and Wan Guimei.2006. Influence of basement faults on the development of salt structures in the Kuqa foreland fold-and-thrust belt in the northern Tarim Basin.Acta Geologica Sinica,80(3):330-336.
赵文智,许大丰,张朝军,张研.1998.库车坳陷构造变形层序划分及在油气勘探中的意义.石油学报,19(3):13-17. Zhao Wenzhi,Xu Dafeng,Zhang Chaojun and Zhang Yan.1998.Ivision of structural deformed sequence in Kuqa depression and significance for oil-gas exploration.Acta Petrolei Sinica,19(3):13-17.
Sylvester A G.1988.Strike-slip faults.Geological Society of America Bulletin,100(11):1666-1703.
何登发,周新源,杨海军,雷刚林,马玉杰.2009.库车坳陷的地质结构及其对大油气田的控制作用.大地构造与成矿学,3(1):19-32. He Dengfa,Zhou Xinyuan,Yang Haijun,Lei Ganglin and Ma Yujie.2009.Geological structure and its controls on giant oil and gas fields in Kuqa depression,Tarim Basin:A clue from new shot seismic data.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,3(1 ): 19-32.
贾承造,周新源,王招明,皮学军,李启明.2002.克拉2气田的发现及勘探技术.中国石油勘探,7(1):79-88. Jia Chengzhao,Zhou Xinyuan,Wang Zhaoming,Pi Xuejun and Li Qiming.2002.Discovery of Kela-2 gas field and exploration technology.China Petroleum Exploration,7(1 ):79-88.
金之钧.2006.中国典型叠合盆地油气成藏研究新进展(之二)——以塔里木盆地为例.石油与天然气地质,27(3): 281-288. Jin Zhijun.2006.New advancement in research of China's typical superimposed basins and reservoiring(PartⅡ):Taking the Tarim Basin as an example.Oil & Gas Geology,27(3):281-288.
李曰俊,杨海军,赵岩,罗俊成,郑多明,刘亚雷.2009.南天山区域大地构造与演化.大地构造与成矿学,33(1):94-104. Li Yuejun,Yang Haijun,Zhao Yan,Luo Juncheng Zheng Duoming and Liu Yalei.2009.Tectonic framework and evolution of south Tianshan,NW China.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,33(1 ):94-104.
吕修祥,金之钧,周新源,皮学军.2000.塔里木盆地库车坳陷与膏盐岩相关的油气聚集.石油勘探与开发,27(4):20 21. Lü Xiuxiang,Jin Zhijun,Zhou Xinyuan and Pi Xuejun.2000.Oil and gas accumulation related to evaporite rocks in Kuqu Depression of Tarim Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,27(4):20-21.
漆家福,雷刚林,李明刚,谷永兴.2009a.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带的结构模型及其形成机制.大地构造与成矿学,33 (1):49-56. Qi Jiafu,Lei Ganglin,Li Minggang and Gu Yongxing.2009a.Analysis of structure model and formation mechanism of Kelasu structure zone,Kuqa dpression.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,33(1 ):49-56.
漆家福,雷刚林,李明刚,谢会文,杨书江.2009b.库车坳陷—南天山盆山过渡带的收缩构造变形模式.地学前缘,16 (3):120-128. Qi Jiafu,Lei Ganglin,Li Minggang,Xie Huiwen and Yang Shujiang.2009b.A model of contractional structure for transition belt between Kuche depression and southern Tianshan uplift.Earth Science Frontiers,16(3):120-128.
汤良杰,李京昌,余一欣,王清华,杨文静,谢会文,陈书平,彭更新.2006.库车前陆褶皱—冲断带盐构造差异变形和分段性特征探讨.地质学报,80(3):313-320. Tang Liangjie,Li Jingchang,Yu Yixin,Wang Qinghua,Yang Wenjing,Xie Huiwen,Chen Shuping and Peng Gengxin.2006. Differential salt tectonic deformation and segmentation of the Kuqa foreland fold-thrust belt,Tarim Basin,northwest China.Acta Geologica Sinica,80(3):313-320.
汪新,唐鹏程,谢会文,雷刚林,黄少英.2009.库车坳陷西段新生代盐构造特征及演化.大地构造与成矿学,33(1): 57-65. Wang Xin,Tang Pengcheng,Xie Huiwen,Lei Ganglin and Huang Shaoying.2009.Cenozoic salt structures and evolution in the western Kuqa depression,Tarim Basin,China.Geotectonica et Metallogenia,33(1 ):57-65.
邬光辉,罗春树,胡太平,黄广建,席勤,李文华.2007.褶皱相关断层——以库车坳陷新生界盐上构造层为例.地质科学,42(3):496-505. Wu Guanghui,Luo Chunshu,Hu Taiping,Huang Guangjian,Xi Qin and Li Wenhua.2007.Fold-related faulting:An example from the Cenozoic salt-overlying beds in the Kuqa depression.Chinese journal of Geology,42(3):496-305.
严俊君,黄太柱.1995.塔里木盆地北部构造样式.地球科学,20(3):264-270. Yan Junjun and Hang Taizhu.1995.Structural styles of northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang.Earth Science,20(3):264-270.
余一欣,汤良杰,李京昌,杨文静,金文正,彭更新,雷刚林,万桂梅.2006.库车前陆褶皱—冲断带基底断裂对盐构造形成的影响.地质学报,80(3):330-336. Yu Yixin,Tang Liangjie,Li Jingchang,Yang Wenjing,Jin Wenzheng,Peng Gengxin,Lei Ganglin and Wan Guimei.2006. Influence of basement faults on the development of salt structures in the Kuqa foreland fold-and-thrust belt in the northern Tarim Basin.Acta Geologica Sinica,80(3):330-336.
赵文智,许大丰,张朝军,张研.1998.库车坳陷构造变形层序划分及在油气勘探中的意义.石油学报,19(3):13-17. Zhao Wenzhi,Xu Dafeng,Zhang Chaojun and Zhang Yan.1998.Ivision of structural deformed sequence in Kuqa depression and significance for oil-gas exploration.Acta Petrolei Sinica,19(3):13-17.
Sylvester A G.1988.Strike-slip faults.Geological Society of America Bulletin,100(11):1666-1703.
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