琼东南盆地崖北凹陷崖城组煤系烃源岩分布及其意义
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摘要
崖北凹陷位于南海北部大陆边缘西区琼东南盆地北部坳陷西段,是新生代凹陷,连续沉积了始新世到第四纪地层。该凹陷古近纪为裂谷期,发育始新世陆相、早渐新世崖城组海陆过渡相和晚渐新世陵水组海相3套地层。中新世到第四纪为热沉降和新构造期,均为海相地层。崖北凹陷主力烃源岩是崖城组海陆过渡相煤系和泻湖相泥岩,其中,煤层、炭质泥岩及其伴生的暗色泥岩是烃源岩的重要组成部分。已钻井揭示崖城组发育35层煤,累积厚度16.8m。煤层与炭质泥岩主要分布于崖一段和崖三段,形成于潮坪与辫状河三角洲。崖城组地震相与沉积相对应关系良好,据此建立了煤系烃源岩沉积模式,煤系主要发育在凹陷缓坡带的辫状河三角洲和潮坪环境中,其次是陡坡带的扇三角洲和潮坪,暗色泥岩主要发育在深洼漕的泻湖环境。崖北凹陷崖城组煤系和泻湖湘泥岩都是有利烃源岩,生烃潜力大,凹槽内部渐新统—中新统为有利成藏组合。
Yabei sag lies in the western part of northern depression of Qiongdongnan basin in the continental margin of South China Sea,covering an area of nearly 3 000km2.After the sag was rifted in Paleogene,it accepted the Eocene continental formation,early Oligocene Yacheng transitional formation and later Oligocene Lingshui marine formation.Yacheng Formation is the most important source rock by obsevasing the drilled souce rocks and measuring the gas geochemerstry and making the source-gas correlation in the basin.Coal measure and carbonaceous mudstone are the most important components of source rock,and the drilled wells indicate that they occur from Yacheng-3,Yacheng-2 and Yacheng-1.Rockcores of shallow water area in the Yabei sag shows that the Yacheng-3 formation was formed in the fan-deta,braided stream,the Yacheng-2 was in lagoon,and the Yacheng-1 was in tidal flat facies.The coal meaure and carbonaceous mudstone are distributed mostly in the formations of Yacheng-1 and Yacheng-3.The Yacheng-3 in the Yabei sag shows the chaos seismic faices,the Yacheng-2 exhibits weak amplitude and low frequency and well continuation seismic facies,and the Yacheng-1 is strong amplitude,strong continuation and low frequency.It is good conrespond between seimic facies and sedimentary facies.The sedimentary facies maps drawn by rockcorea,well logging and seismics suggest that the Yacheng-3 was mostly in braided delta,the Yacheng-2 in the lagoon extended a lot,and the Yacheng-1 was mostly in tidal flat.Coal is mostly distributed in the slope of sag in braided delta and tidal flat and second along steep slope in fan-delta and tidal flat;dark mudstone is mainly in the deep area of lagoon.So,we consider that the greater distribution of coal in south slope of Yabei sag and dark lagoon facies,and the giant gas potential in shallow water area of Qiongdongnan basin is strong.
Yabei sag lies in the western part of northern depression of Qiongdongnan basin in the continental margin of South China Sea,covering an area of nearly 3 000km2.After the sag was rifted in Paleogene,it accepted the Eocene continental formation,early Oligocene Yacheng transitional formation and later Oligocene Lingshui marine formation.Yacheng Formation is the most important source rock by obsevasing the drilled souce rocks and measuring the gas geochemerstry and making the source-gas correlation in the basin.Coal measure and carbonaceous mudstone are the most important components of source rock,and the drilled wells indicate that they occur from Yacheng-3,Yacheng-2 and Yacheng-1.Rockcores of shallow water area in the Yabei sag shows that the Yacheng-3 formation was formed in the fan-deta,braided stream,the Yacheng-2 was in lagoon,and the Yacheng-1 was in tidal flat facies.The coal meaure and carbonaceous mudstone are distributed mostly in the formations of Yacheng-1 and Yacheng-3.The Yacheng-3 in the Yabei sag shows the chaos seismic faices,the Yacheng-2 exhibits weak amplitude and low frequency and well continuation seismic facies,and the Yacheng-1 is strong amplitude,strong continuation and low frequency.It is good conrespond between seimic facies and sedimentary facies.The sedimentary facies maps drawn by rockcorea,well logging and seismics suggest that the Yacheng-3 was mostly in braided delta,the Yacheng-2 in the lagoon extended a lot,and the Yacheng-1 was mostly in tidal flat.Coal is mostly distributed in the slope of sag in braided delta and tidal flat and second along steep slope in fan-delta and tidal flat;dark mudstone is mainly in the deep area of lagoon.So,we consider that the greater distribution of coal in south slope of Yabei sag and dark lagoon facies,and the giant gas potential in shallow water area of Qiongdongnan basin is strong.
引文
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[2]Zhang Gongcheng,Zhu Weilin,Mi Lijun,et al.The theory ofhydrocarbon genernation controlled by source rock and heatfrom circle distribution of outside oil fields and inside gasfields in South China Sea[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(5):987-1005.[张功成,朱伟林,米立军,等.“源热共控论”:来自南海海域油气田“外油内气”环带有序分布的新认识[J].沉积学报,2010,28(5):987-1005.]
[3]Zhang Gongcheng.Tectonic evolution of deepwater area ofnorthern continental margin in South China Sea[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2010,31(4):529-534.[张功成.南海北部陆坡深水区盆地构造演化及其特征[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):529-534.]
[4]Zhang Gongcheng,Liu Zhen,Mi Lijun,et al.Sedimentary evo-lution of Peleogene Series in deep water area of Zhujiangkouand Qiongdongnan basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(4):632-641.[张功成,刘震,米立军,等.珠江口盆地—琼东南盆地深水区古近系沉积演化[J].沉积学报,2009,27(4):632-641.]
[5]Zhang Gongcheng,Mi Lijun,Wu Jingfu,et al.Rises and theirplunges:Favorable exploration direction for major fields in thedeepwater area,Diongdongnan basin[J].China Offshore Oiland Gas,2010,22(6):360-368.[张功成,米立军,吴景富,等.凸起及其倾没端——琼东南盆地深水区大中型油气田有利勘探方向[J].中国海上油气,2010,22(6):360-368.]
[6]Li Xuxuan,Liu Baomin,Zhao Junqing.Paleogene sequenceconfiguration,depositional filling pattern and hydrocarbon-generation potential in Qiongdongnan basin[J].China Off-shore Oil and Gas,2007,19(4):217-239.[李绪宣,刘宝明,赵俊清.琼东南盆地古近纪层序结构、充填样式及生烃潜力[J].中国海上油气,2007,19(4):217-239.]
[7]Zhang Gongcheng,Mi Lijun,Wu Shiguo,et al.Deepwater are-a:The new prospecting targets of northern continental marginof South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):15-21.[张功成,米立军,吴时国,等.深水区——南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新领域[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):15-21.]
[8]Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of Continental Shelfand Adjacent Sea Area Petroleum Geology of China.Petrole-um Geology of China(vol.16)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Indus-try Press,1990:1-682.[沿海大陆架及毗邻海域油气石油地质志编写组.中国石油地质志(第16卷)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990:1-682.]
[9]Dai Jinxing,Hu Guoyi,Ni Yunyan,et al.Natural gas distribu-tion feature in the east of China[J].Natural Gas Geosicence,2009,20(4):471-487.[戴金星,胡国艺,倪云燕,等.中国东部天然气分布特征[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(4):471-487.]
[10]Li Zengxue,He Yuping,Liu Haiyan,et al.Sedimentology charac-teristics and coal-forming models in Yacheng Formation of Qiong-dongnan basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(4):542-547.[李增学,何玉平,刘海燕,等.琼东南盆地崖城组煤的沉积学特征与聚煤模式[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):542-547.]
[11]Li Ying,Zhang Gongcheng,Lv Dawei,et al.Sedimentary fea-ture and coal-forming environment in Yacheng Formation ofQiongdongnan basin[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,2010,39(1):1-5.[李莹,张功成,吕大炜,等.琼东南盆地崖城组沉积特征及成煤环境[J].煤田地质与勘探,2010,39(1):1-5.]
[12]Li Zengxue,Zhang Gongcheng,Wang Dongdong,et al.Identi-fication and correlation of base-level cycles of coal-bearingstrata in Paleogene System of China seas:Taking the case ofQiongdongnan basin as an example[J].Geoscience,2010,14(6):1178-1185.[李增学,张功成,王东东,等.海域区古近系含煤地层基准面旋回识别与对比:以琼东南盆地为例[J].现代地质,2010,14(6):1178-1185.]
[13]Mi Lijun,Wang Dongdong,Li Zengxue,et al.High-resolutionstratigraphyic framework and coal-forming feature in YachengFormation of Qiongdongnan basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(4):534-541.[米立军,王东东,李增学,等.琼东南盆地崖城组高分辨率层序地层格架与煤层形成特征[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):534-541.]
[14]Zhang Gongcheng.Geological features and newexploration realmsof offshore gas in China[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2005,17(5):289-296.[张功成.中国近海天然气地质特征与勘探新领域[J].中国海上油气,2005,17(5):289-296.]
[15]Mi Lijun,Zhang Gongcheng,Fu Ning,et al.An analysis of hy-drocarbon source and accumulation in Panyu low uplift andnorth slope of Baiyun sag,Pearl River Mouth basin[J].ChinaOffshore Oil and Gas,2006,18(3):161-168.[米立军,张功成,傅宁,等.珠江口盆地白云凹陷北坡—番禺低隆起油气来源及成藏分析[J].中国海上油气,2006,18(3):161-168.]
[16]Fu Ning,Deng Yunhua,Zhang Gongcheng,et al.Transitionalsource rock and its contribution to hydrocarbon accumulationin superimpose rift-subsidence basin of northern South ChinaSea:Taking Baiyun sag of ZhuⅡdepression as an example[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(4):559-565.[傅宁,邓运华,张功成,等.南海北部叠合断陷盆地海陆过渡相烃源岩及成藏贡献——以珠二坳陷白云凹陷为例[J].石油学报,2010,31(4):559-565.]
[17]Zhang Gongcheng,Li Zengxue,He Yuping,et al.Coal geo-chemistry of Qiongdongnan basin[J].Natural Gas Geosi-cence,2010,21(5):693-699.[张功成,李增学,何玉平,等.琼东南盆地煤地球化学特征[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(5):693-699.]
[18]Li Youchuan,Zhang Gongcheng,Fu Ning.A study on hydro-carbon generation characteristics in the deepwater region,thenorthern South China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2010,22(6):375-381.[李友川,张功成,傅宁.南海北部深水区油气生成特性研究[J].中国海上油气,2010,22(6):375-381.]
[19]Li Youchuan,Deng Yunhua,Zhang Gongcheng,et al.Tertiarymarine source rocks in the northern South China Sea[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):217-225.[李友川,邓运华,张功成,等.南海北部第三系海相烃源岩[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):219-225.]
[20]Wang Huan,Wang Qi,Zhang Gongcheng,et al.Comprehen-sive evaluation on mudstone caprock in the second member ofLingshui Formation in Qiongdongnan basin[J].Natural GasGeoscience,2011,22(5):770-777.[王欢,王琪,张功成,等.琼东南盆地陵水组二段泥岩盖层综合评价[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(5):770-777.]
[21]Mi Lijun,Yuan Yusong,Zhang Gongcheng,et al.Characteris-tics and genesis of geothermal field in deep water area of thenorthern South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(1):27-33.[米立军,袁玉松,张功成,等.南海北部深水区地热特征及其成因[J].石油学报,2009,30(1):27-32.]
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