济阳坳陷东营凹陷陡坡带盐18地区重力流沉积特征与沉积模式
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摘要
针对断陷湖盆陡坡带构造活动性强、沉积规模小、储层非均质性的特征,利用济阳坳陷东营凹陷北带盐18地区丰富的地质、3D地震资料,从砂体成因入手,开展了砂体的成因识别、发育规模、沉积相类型及发育规律研究。通过研究,识别出液化流、浊流、颗粒流、泥质碎屑流和砂质碎屑流等5种重力流沉积;其中砂质碎屑流钻遇程度最高,浊流次之,液化流较低,颗粒流更低,每10m钻遇层数分别为2.9、2.6、0.75、0.3层。单期沉积厚度统计结果表明,泥质碎屑流最大、砂质碎屑流次之、浊流较小,其最大厚度分别为4.0m、3.5m、1.4m,平均厚度分别为1.2m、0.45m和0.2m;颗粒流和液化流规模最小。可见,砂质碎屑流是陡坡带重力流沉积中最为有利的砂体成因类型,其次为规模较大的浊流。识别出了扇三角洲、近岸水下扇、滑塌湖底扇、洪水湖底扇等4种重力流相关沉积相;沉积环境自下而上经过了浅水扇三角洲沉积、深水近岸水下扇—洪水湖底扇—滑塌湖底扇沉积、深水近岸水下扇—滑塌浊积扇沉积3个阶段;其中洪水湖底扇和近岸水下扇扇中亚相最有利于油气成藏,其次为滑塌湖底扇。
Sand genesis,scale,sedimentary facies composition and development rules of sedimentary rocks from Yan 18 area in the steep slope of northern Dongying sag of Jiyang depression were studied by using rich geological and 3D seismic data,according to the characteristics of the steep slope of rift lacustrine basin with extensive tectonic activity,small-scale deposition and the highly heterogeneity of reservoir.Five kinds of gravity flow deposits were identified,i.e.liquefied flow,turbidity current,particle flow,muddy debris flow and sandy debris flow.Sandy debris flow deposit,turbidite,liquefied flow and grain flow declined in drilling degree,with 2.9,2.6,0.75,0.3 drilled layers through every 10m respectively.The statistical results prove that the single sedimentary thickness of muddy debris flow was the largest one,sandy debris flow the second,turbidite the less,and their maximum thickness were of 4.0m,3.5m,1.4m and average thickness of 1.2m,0.45m and 0.2m respectively.Study shows that sandy debris flow deposit was the most favorable sand type of all gravity flow deposits in the steep slope,and then was the thick turbidite.Additionally,four types of gravity flow-related sedimentary facies,i.e.,fan delta,nearshore subaqueous fan,slump sublacustrine fan and flood sublacustrine fan,have been recognized.Three stages of sedimentary environment evolution were discussed from the bottom up,the shallow water fan delta deposits,the deep-water nearshore subaqueous fan-flood sublacustrine fan-slump sublacustrine fan deposits,and the deep water nearshore subaqueous fan-slump turbidite fan deposits.Among them,the mid-fan subfacies of the flood sublacustrine fan and nearshore subaqueous fan were the most favorable subfacies for hydrocarbon accumulation,followed by the slump sublacustrine fan.
Sand genesis,scale,sedimentary facies composition and development rules of sedimentary rocks from Yan 18 area in the steep slope of northern Dongying sag of Jiyang depression were studied by using rich geological and 3D seismic data,according to the characteristics of the steep slope of rift lacustrine basin with extensive tectonic activity,small-scale deposition and the highly heterogeneity of reservoir.Five kinds of gravity flow deposits were identified,i.e.liquefied flow,turbidity current,particle flow,muddy debris flow and sandy debris flow.Sandy debris flow deposit,turbidite,liquefied flow and grain flow declined in drilling degree,with 2.9,2.6,0.75,0.3 drilled layers through every 10m respectively.The statistical results prove that the single sedimentary thickness of muddy debris flow was the largest one,sandy debris flow the second,turbidite the less,and their maximum thickness were of 4.0m,3.5m,1.4m and average thickness of 1.2m,0.45m and 0.2m respectively.Study shows that sandy debris flow deposit was the most favorable sand type of all gravity flow deposits in the steep slope,and then was the thick turbidite.Additionally,four types of gravity flow-related sedimentary facies,i.e.,fan delta,nearshore subaqueous fan,slump sublacustrine fan and flood sublacustrine fan,have been recognized.Three stages of sedimentary environment evolution were discussed from the bottom up,the shallow water fan delta deposits,the deep-water nearshore subaqueous fan-flood sublacustrine fan-slump sublacustrine fan deposits,and the deep water nearshore subaqueous fan-slump turbidite fan deposits.Among them,the mid-fan subfacies of the flood sublacustrine fan and nearshore subaqueous fan were the most favorable subfacies for hydrocarbon accumulation,followed by the slump sublacustrine fan.
引文
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[16]Xu Xiaohui,Xu Jianhua,Xie Yuanjun,et al.The reservoirrocks of the subaqueous fans in the western segment of thesegment of the steep slope zone of northern Dongying depres-sion,Shandong[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geolo-gy,2003,23(1):84-89.[徐晓晖,许建华,谢远军,等.东营凹陷北部陡坡带西段水下扇体储集层特征[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2003,23(1):84-89.]
[17]Middleton G V,Hampton M A.Subaqueous sediment trans-port and deposition by sediment gravity flows[M]∥Stanly DJ,Swift D J P.Marine Sediment Transport and EnvironmentalManagement.New York:Wiley,1976:197-218.
[18]Middleton G V,Hampton M A.Sediment gravity flows:Me-chanics of flow and deposition[M]∥Middleton G V,BoumaA H.Turbidites and Deep-water Sedimentation.Los Angeles:Pacific Section of the Society of Economic Paleontologists andMineralogists,1973:1-38.
[19]Shanmugam G.High density turbidity currents:Are theysandy debris flows?[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1996,66(1):2-10.
[20]Xian Benzhong,Wan Jinfeng,Jiang Zaixing,et al.Sedimentarycharacteristics and model of gravity flow deposition in the de-pressed belt of rift lacustrine basin:A case study from Dongy-ing Formation in Nanpu depression[J].Earth Science Fron-tiers,2012,19(1):121-135.[鲜本忠,万锦峰,姜在兴,等.断陷湖盆洼陷带重力流沉积特征与模式:以南堡凹陷东部东营组为例[J].地学前缘,2012,19(1):121-135.]
[21]Meng Wei,Zhong Jianhua,Li Yong,et al.Analysis of gluten-ite distribution regularity in north Dongying depression[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2009,16(5):17-19.[孟玮,钟建华,李勇,等.东营凹陷北部陡坡带砂砾岩体分布规律[J].特种油气藏,2009,16(5):17-19.]
[22]Zhao Chenglin,Liu Menghui.Facies model of the sublake-fanand its application to oil and gas exploration[J].Journal ofChina University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,1984,8(4):323-334.[赵澄林,刘盂慧.湖底扇相模式及其在油气预测中的应用[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,1984,8(4):323-334.]
[23]Walker R G.Deeep-water sandstone facies and ancient subma-rine fans:Models for exploration for stratigraphic[J].AAPGBulletin,1978,62(6):932-966.
[24]Li Shoujun,Zheng Deshun,Jiang Zaixing,et al.Water depthof palaeo-lacustrine basin recovered by dominance diversity ofOstracoda:An example from sedimentary period of the mem-ber of Shahejie Formation of Paleogene in Dongying sag,Shandong province[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2005,7(3):399-404.[李守军,郑德顺,姜在兴,等.用介形类优势分异度恢复古湖盆的水深——以山东东营凹陷古近系沙河街组沙三段湖盆为例[J].古地理学报,2005,7(3):399-404.]
[2]Cui Zhouqi,Wu Jianping,Li Li,et al.The fan delta deposi-tional characteristics and oil-bearing properties of the 3rdmember of the Shahejie Formations in the slope zone of Shulusag[J].Journal of Northwest University:Natural Science Edi-tion,2003,33(3):320-324.[崔周旗,吴健平,李莉,等.束鹿凹陷斜坡带沙三段扇三角洲特征及含油性[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2003,33(3):320-324.]
[3]Zhu Qingzhong,Li Chunhua,Yang Heyi.The origin and hy-drocarbon accumulation of Daxing conglomerat body in Lang-gu sag[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(4):34-36.[朱庆忠,李春华,杨合义.廊固凹陷大兴砾岩体成因与油气成藏[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(4):34-36.]
[4]Du Zhenchuan,Wei Kuisheng.Characteristics of composite fanbodies in Weizhou Formation of Beibuwan basin and oil&gasprospecting significance[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2002,23(3):274-278.[杜振川,魏魁生.北部湾盆地涠洲组复合扇体特征及油气勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(3):274-278.]
[5]Hu Shouquan.Accommodation mechanics of Terrigenous se-quence development in fault depressed lacustrinebasin:A casestudy:the upper member of Eh3,Shuanghe-Zhaoao,Biyangfault depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1998,16(3):102-108.[胡受权.泌阳断陷双河—赵凹地区下第三系核三上段陆相层序发育的可容空间机制[J].沉积学报,1998,16(3):102-108.]
[6]Hu Shouquan.Oil&gas exploration target selection for theupper member S5sequence of Eh3,Shuanghe-Zhaoao,Biyangfault depression[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,1998,9(1):16-22.[胡受权.泌阳断陷双河—赵凹地区下第三系核三上段S5层序油气勘探目标优选[J].天然气地球科学,1998,9(1):16-22.]
[7]Chen Wenxue,Jiang Zaixing,Xian Benzhong,et al.SequenceStratigraphy and the Prediction of Subtle Traps:A Exampleof Biyang Depression,Henan[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,2001.[陈文学,姜在兴,鲜本忠,等.层序地层学与隐蔽圈闭预测——以河南泌阳凹陷为例[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.]
[8]Xie Xiaojun,Sheng Xiang.The oil&gas distribution and mi-gration character in Biyang depression[J].Natural Gas Geo-science,2003,14(2):130-133.[谢晓军,盛湘.泌阳凹陷油气展布及运移特征[J].天然气地球科学,2003,14(2):130-133.]
[9]Yuan Xuanjun,Qiao Hansheng.Exploration of subtle reser-voir in prolific depression of Bohai Bay basin[J].Oil&GasGeology,2002,23(2):130-133.[袁选俊,谯汉生.渤海湾盆地富油气凹陷隐蔽油气藏勘探[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(2):130-133.]
[10]Xian Benzhong,Wang Yongshi.Division and correlation of gluten-ite sedimentary cycles based on base-level restoration using wave-let transform[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Natu-ral Science Edition,2008,32(6):1-5,11.[鲜本忠,王永诗.基于小波变换基准面恢复的砂砾岩期次划分与对比[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,32(6):1-5,11.]
[11]Sun Yi,Xian Benzhong,Lin Huixi.Division of sedimentarycycle of sand-gravel rock mass in steep slope of faulted lakebasin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(4):468-473.[孙怡,鲜本忠,林会喜.断陷湖盆陡坡带砂砾岩体沉积期次划分技术及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):468-473.]
[12]Xian Benzhong,Wang Yongshi,Sun Lidong,et al.Distributionand controlling factors of glutinite bodies in the actic region ofa rift basin:An example from Chezhen sag,Bohai Bay basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(4):429-436.[鲜本忠,王永诗,孙立东,等.断陷盆地陡坡带砂砾岩体分布规律及控制因素——以渤海湾盆地济阳拗陷车镇凹陷为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(4):429-436.]
[13]Wang Yongshi,Xian Benzhong.Fault structures of northernsteep slope belts and their influences on sedimentation andreservoir formation in Chezhen sag[J].Petroleum Geologyand Recovery Efficiency,2006,3(6):5-9.[王永诗,鲜本忠.车镇断陷湖盆陡坡带断裂结构及其对沉积、成藏的控制[J].油气地质与采收率,2006,13(6):5-9.]
[14]Wang Jiao,Jiang Zaixing,Cao Yingchang,et al.Fan delta de-posits and relation to hydrocarbon of upper Es4Yong 921areain Dongying depression[J].Journal of Jilin University:EarthScience Edition,2005,35(6):725-731.[王姣,姜在兴,操应长,等.山东东营凹陷永921地区沙四上亚段扇三角洲沉积与油气[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2005,35(6):725-731.]
[15]Yang Jianping,Shi Dewen.Fan delta deposits of Sha-3andSha-4Members at oligocene Shahejie Formation at Yong 921area in the north of Dongying depression[J].Journal of ChinaUniversity of Petroleum:Natural Science Edition,2000,24(1):10-17.[杨剑萍,石德文.东营凹陷北部永921地区渐新世沙三段和沙四段扇三角洲沉积[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2000,24(1):10-17.]
[16]Xu Xiaohui,Xu Jianhua,Xie Yuanjun,et al.The reservoirrocks of the subaqueous fans in the western segment of thesegment of the steep slope zone of northern Dongying depres-sion,Shandong[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geolo-gy,2003,23(1):84-89.[徐晓晖,许建华,谢远军,等.东营凹陷北部陡坡带西段水下扇体储集层特征[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2003,23(1):84-89.]
[17]Middleton G V,Hampton M A.Subaqueous sediment trans-port and deposition by sediment gravity flows[M]∥Stanly DJ,Swift D J P.Marine Sediment Transport and EnvironmentalManagement.New York:Wiley,1976:197-218.
[18]Middleton G V,Hampton M A.Sediment gravity flows:Me-chanics of flow and deposition[M]∥Middleton G V,BoumaA H.Turbidites and Deep-water Sedimentation.Los Angeles:Pacific Section of the Society of Economic Paleontologists andMineralogists,1973:1-38.
[19]Shanmugam G.High density turbidity currents:Are theysandy debris flows?[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1996,66(1):2-10.
[20]Xian Benzhong,Wan Jinfeng,Jiang Zaixing,et al.Sedimentarycharacteristics and model of gravity flow deposition in the de-pressed belt of rift lacustrine basin:A case study from Dongy-ing Formation in Nanpu depression[J].Earth Science Fron-tiers,2012,19(1):121-135.[鲜本忠,万锦峰,姜在兴,等.断陷湖盆洼陷带重力流沉积特征与模式:以南堡凹陷东部东营组为例[J].地学前缘,2012,19(1):121-135.]
[21]Meng Wei,Zhong Jianhua,Li Yong,et al.Analysis of gluten-ite distribution regularity in north Dongying depression[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2009,16(5):17-19.[孟玮,钟建华,李勇,等.东营凹陷北部陡坡带砂砾岩体分布规律[J].特种油气藏,2009,16(5):17-19.]
[22]Zhao Chenglin,Liu Menghui.Facies model of the sublake-fanand its application to oil and gas exploration[J].Journal ofChina University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,1984,8(4):323-334.[赵澄林,刘盂慧.湖底扇相模式及其在油气预测中的应用[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,1984,8(4):323-334.]
[23]Walker R G.Deeep-water sandstone facies and ancient subma-rine fans:Models for exploration for stratigraphic[J].AAPGBulletin,1978,62(6):932-966.
[24]Li Shoujun,Zheng Deshun,Jiang Zaixing,et al.Water depthof palaeo-lacustrine basin recovered by dominance diversity ofOstracoda:An example from sedimentary period of the mem-ber of Shahejie Formation of Paleogene in Dongying sag,Shandong province[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2005,7(3):399-404.[李守军,郑德顺,姜在兴,等.用介形类优势分异度恢复古湖盆的水深——以山东东营凹陷古近系沙河街组沙三段湖盆为例[J].古地理学报,2005,7(3):399-404.]
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