塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系柯坪塔格组下沥青砂岩段沉积相分析
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摘要
塔中地区志留系柯坪塔格组下沥青砂岩段是塔里木盆地古生界碎屑岩层系油气主要富集层段之一。以钻井岩心观察描述为基础,结合测井、地震和分析测试资料进行综合分析,提出了塔中地区志留系下沥青砂岩段发育海侵背景下的滨岸-潮坪-辫状河三角洲沉积体系的观点。其中滨岸相沉积中主要发育上临滨和下临滨沉积微相,岩性以细砂岩、粉砂岩、含砾不等粒砂岩为主;潮坪沉积相中障壁砂坝、潮砂滩、潮汐水道、砂坪沉积微相发育,潮道沉积的岩性以砂岩、粗砂岩和含砾砂岩为主,发育楔形、板状和羽状交错层理,底部见侵蚀冲刷面和较多黄铁矿团块;辫状河三角洲中发育辫状河水下分流河道、分流间湾、前缘席状砂等沉积微相。海侵时期,下沥青砂岩段存在4期超覆砂体,从盆地中部向南部的塔中低隆逐期超覆,沉积微相在平面上也由此存在着复合超覆规律的演变,整体表现为滨岸相至潮坪相、辫状河三角洲沉积相沉积的演变。4期超覆沉积微相的平面分布在控制因素、展布范围和海侵方向上具有一定的继承性、相似性和规律性。
The lower bitumen-bearing sandstone Member of Kepingtage Formation in Tazhong Area is one of the major oil and gas-rich layers in Palaeozoic clastic rock series in Tarim basin.Based on description of drilling cores,combined with logging,seismic and test data,it is showed that transgressive shore-tidal-braided-river delta depositional system was developed in target stratum.Littoral facies is made up of up-nearshore and down-nearshore microfacies,whose lithology includes fine sandstone,siltstone,pebbled anisomerous sandstone.Tidal flat facies is made up of tidal sand bar,tidal channel,sand flat microfacies.The sediments of tidal channel mainly include sandstone,gritstone and pebbled sandstone.Its sedimentary structures include wedge shaped cross bedding,tabular cross-stratification,and herringbone cross-bedding.There are some erosion surfaces and lots of pyrite in the bottom of tidal channel.Braided-river delta is made up of underwater distributary channel,interdistributary bay,and sand sheet microfacies.During marine transgressive period,there are four depositional periods sandbodies from the basin central to the south overlapping onto Tazhong low uplift one by one.According to sedimentary overlap evolution law,the microfacies of these four periods of sandbodies are littoral,tidal flat and braided-river delta facies in the plane.In terms of controlling factors,distribution range and transgression direction,the four periods microfacies have similarity and regularity.
The lower bitumen-bearing sandstone Member of Kepingtage Formation in Tazhong Area is one of the major oil and gas-rich layers in Palaeozoic clastic rock series in Tarim basin.Based on description of drilling cores,combined with logging,seismic and test data,it is showed that transgressive shore-tidal-braided-river delta depositional system was developed in target stratum.Littoral facies is made up of up-nearshore and down-nearshore microfacies,whose lithology includes fine sandstone,siltstone,pebbled anisomerous sandstone.Tidal flat facies is made up of tidal sand bar,tidal channel,sand flat microfacies.The sediments of tidal channel mainly include sandstone,gritstone and pebbled sandstone.Its sedimentary structures include wedge shaped cross bedding,tabular cross-stratification,and herringbone cross-bedding.There are some erosion surfaces and lots of pyrite in the bottom of tidal channel.Braided-river delta is made up of underwater distributary channel,interdistributary bay,and sand sheet microfacies.During marine transgressive period,there are four depositional periods sandbodies from the basin central to the south overlapping onto Tazhong low uplift one by one.According to sedimentary overlap evolution law,the microfacies of these four periods of sandbodies are littoral,tidal flat and braided-river delta facies in the plane.In terms of controlling factors,distribution range and transgression direction,the four periods microfacies have similarity and regularity.
引文
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[14]曾清波,樊太亮,刘聪,等.塔里木盆地志留系下砂岩段成藏组合分析及有利勘探区带评价[J].现代地质,2008,22(2):247-254.
[15]周志毅.塔里木盆地早古生代地层研究进展和现状[J].现代地质,1999,13(2):243-244.
[2]贾进华,张宝民,朱世海,等.塔里木盆地志留纪地层、沉积特征与岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2006,8(3):339-351.
[3]朱筱敏,王贵文,谢庆宾.塔里木盆地志留系层序地层特征[J].古地理学报,2001,3(2):64-71.
[4]朱筱敏,王贵文,谢庆宾.塔里木盆地志留系沉积体系及分布特征[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2002,26(3):5-12.
[5]朱爱国,孟繁有,杨品.塔里木盆地塔中32井沉积相及层序地层分析[J].新疆石油学院学报,1998,10(2):1-9.
[6]陈方鸿,王贵文.塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系测井层序地层学研究[J].沉积学报,1999,17(1):58-62.
[7]齐永安,苏现波.塔里木盆地早志留世痕迹化石与准层序相组合[J].地层学杂志,1999,23(1):42-46.
[8]侯会军,王伟华,朱筱敏.塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系沉积相模式探讨[J].沉积学报,1997,15(3):41-47.
[9]钟广法,彭德堂,刘绍平,等.塔中地区志留系风暴沉积[J].江汉石油学院学报,1997,19(1):7-11.
[10]朱如凯,罗平,何东博,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系柯坪塔格组沉积相与沉积模式[J].古地理学报,2005,7(2):197-206.
[11]高志勇,朱如凯,高宏莉,等.海侵背景下风暴控制的滨岸-陆棚砂体研究——以塔中志留系下沥青砂岩段为例[J].沉积学报,2006,24(4):465-475.
[12]吴立群,焦养泉,荣辉.塔里木盆地西部四十厂剖面志留系柯坪塔格组沥青砂岩沉积特征[J].现代地质,2011,25(1):45-54.
[13]焦存礼,吕延仓,朱俊玲,等.塔中地区古生界层序地层学与非构造圈闭研究[J].中国石油勘探,2003,8(4):17-23.
[14]曾清波,樊太亮,刘聪,等.塔里木盆地志留系下砂岩段成藏组合分析及有利勘探区带评价[J].现代地质,2008,22(2):247-254.
[15]周志毅.塔里木盆地早古生代地层研究进展和现状[J].现代地质,1999,13(2):243-244.
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