地层记录中旋回层序界面的识别方法及原理
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摘要
应用频谱分析技术对测井物理参数记录的沉积旋回在深度域的变化进行了研究,发现沉积速率变化对沉积旋回波长、旋回谱系的组合样式和连续性具有明显的影响。数字模拟实验研究结果表明,在深度域对测井数据进行递进扫描的频谱分析图中,旋回波长和旋回谱系的终止面和转换面,指示沉积速率突变界面,对应地层间断面或沉积体制转型的位置和深度,这是我们识别旋回层序界面的标志,这一结论在深海钻孔中得到了验证。文中详细地介绍了从测井曲线数据中提取沉积旋回信号的数据处理方法和流程,提出根据原始测井曲线建立的极值曲线,可以检测到最明显的旋回波长为10 m级的频谱信号,这一层级的旋回层序界面,可以作为区域等时对比的基准。文中以川西上三叠统须家河组为例,根据自然伽马测井曲线的频谱分析,讨论了旋回层序界面在解决地震层序界面标定中的实用价值。
In this paper spectral analysis methods are used to study sedimentary cycle changes in depth domains in geophysic logging record.We propose that sedimentation rates have important control for cyclic wavelengths,spectrum peak patterns and continuities.Digital simulation tests show cyclic wavelength changes and spectral bands terminations along depth domain by sliding-widow spectral analysis,which indicate abrupt sedimentation rate changes.Its depth location of abrupt surfaces are corresponding to stratigraphic discontinuity and reflect depositional regime conversion and can be as identification critical maker of cyclostratigraphic sequence surface discrimination.This method has been verified to be validity in deep sea sediment from ODP Site 154.The data processing procedures,which sedimentary cycle signals are extracted and check in spectral analysis,are described and illustrated in detailed.The extreme point data series,which are reconstructed from original logs,can be provided us obvious and stable spectral signals with the cyclic wavelength of 10m scale level.The cyclostratigraphic sequence surfaces in this hierarchy can be used a reference surface in regional stratigraphic correlations.The upper Trassic Xujiahe Formation from the western Sichuan foreland basin as a case study,cyclostratigraphic sequence surfaces are calibrated based on evolutive spectral analysis from natural gamma log of Chuanya Hole 95.It is suggested that this methods have widely practical values compression with traditional seismic sequence.
In this paper spectral analysis methods are used to study sedimentary cycle changes in depth domains in geophysic logging record.We propose that sedimentation rates have important control for cyclic wavelengths,spectrum peak patterns and continuities.Digital simulation tests show cyclic wavelength changes and spectral bands terminations along depth domain by sliding-widow spectral analysis,which indicate abrupt sedimentation rate changes.Its depth location of abrupt surfaces are corresponding to stratigraphic discontinuity and reflect depositional regime conversion and can be as identification critical maker of cyclostratigraphic sequence surface discrimination.This method has been verified to be validity in deep sea sediment from ODP Site 154.The data processing procedures,which sedimentary cycle signals are extracted and check in spectral analysis,are described and illustrated in detailed.The extreme point data series,which are reconstructed from original logs,can be provided us obvious and stable spectral signals with the cyclic wavelength of 10m scale level.The cyclostratigraphic sequence surfaces in this hierarchy can be used a reference surface in regional stratigraphic correlations.The upper Trassic Xujiahe Formation from the western Sichuan foreland basin as a case study,cyclostratigraphic sequence surfaces are calibrated based on evolutive spectral analysis from natural gamma log of Chuanya Hole 95.It is suggested that this methods have widely practical values compression with traditional seismic sequence.
引文
1 Schwarzacher W.Cyclostratigraphy and the Milankovitch Theory[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,1993:1-225
2 Weedon G.Time-Series Analysis and Cyclostratigraphy:ExaminingStratigraphic Records of Environmental Cycles[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,2003
3陈建业,冯庆来,陈晶,等.广西东攀二叠系一三叠系界线剖面基于岩石磁参数的米兰科维奇旋回特征和地层对比[J].地层学杂志,2007,31(4):309-316[Chen Jianye,Feng Qinglai,Chen Jin,etal.Cyclostratigraphy and stratigraphic correlation based on rock mag-netic parameters on the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Dongpan sec-tion in Guangxi[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2007,31(4):309-316]
4 Gorgas T J,Wilkens R H.Sedimentation rates of SW Africa since thelate Miocene deciphered from spectral analyses of borehole and GRAbulk density profiles:ODP Sites 1081-1084[J].Marine Geology,2002,180:29-47
5 Postma G,Ten Veen J H.Astronomically and tectonically linked varia-tions in gamma-ray intensity in Late Miocene hemipelagic successions ofthe Eastern Mediterranean Basin[J].Sedimentary Geology,1999,128:1-12
6 Laskar J,Gastineau M,Joutel F,et al.A long term numerical solutionfor the insolation quantities of Earth[J].Astronomy and Astrophysics,2004,428:261-285
7 Paillard D,Labeyrie L,Yiou P.Analyseries 1.0:a Macintosh softwarefor the analysis of geographical time-series[J].Eos Trabs.AGU,1996,77:379
8 Sierro F J,Ledesma S,Flores J A,et al.Sonic and gamma-ray astro-chronology:Cycle to cycle calibration of Atlantic climatic records toMediterranean sapropels and astronomical oscillations[J].Geology,2000,28:695-698
9 Ten Veen J H,Postma G.Astronomically forced variations in gamma-ray intensity:Late Miocene hemipelagic successions in the eastern Med-iterranean basin as a test case[J].Geology,1996,24:15-18
10伊海生.测井曲线旋回分析在碳酸盐岩层序地层研究中的应用[J].古地理学报,2011,13(4):456-466[Yi Haisheng.Applica-tion of well log cycle analysis in studies of sequence stratigraphy ofcarbonate rocks[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2011,13(4):456-466]
11 D'Argenio B,Ferreri V,Amodio S,et al.Hierarchy of high-frequencyorbital cycles in Cretaceous carbonate platform strata[J].SedimentaryGeology,1997,113:169-193
12柳永清.旋回年代学及其应用意义——华北地台中寒武世碳酸盐岩鲕滩高频旋回的年代学研究[J].地质论评,2001,47(1):53-56[LiuYongqing.Cycloehronology of orbital cycles and its implica-tion:a case study on the orbital forcing high-frequency cycles and cyc-lochronometer of mid-Cambrian oolitite carbonates in the north Chinaplatform[J].Geological Review,2001,47(1):53-56]
13梅冥相,马永生,周洪瑞,等.雾迷山旋回层的费希尔图解及其在定义前寒武纪三级海平面变化中的应用[J].地球学报,2001,22(5):429-436[Mei Mingxiang,Ma Yongsheng,Zhou Hongrui,etal.The fischer plots of Wumishan cyclothems as records of third-ordersea level changes in pre-Cambrian[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2001,22(5):429-436]
14龚一鸣,徐冉,汤中道,等.广西上泥盆统轨道旋回地层与牙形石带的数字定年[J].中国科学:D辑.2004,34(7):635-643[Gong Yiming,Xu Ruan,Tang Zhongdao,et al.The Upper Devoni-an orbital cyclostratigraphy and numerical dating conodont zones fromGuangxi,South China[J].Science in China:Series D,2004,34(8):1235-1250]
15 Lever H.Cyclic sedimentation in the shallow marine Upper PermianKennedy Group,Carnarvon Basin,Western Australia[J].Sedimenta-ry Geology,2004,172:187-209
16 King T A,Ellis W G Jr.Development of a high-quality natural gammadata set from the Ceara Rise:critical groundwork for core and log dataintegration[C]∥Shackleton N J,Curry W B,Richter C,et al.,eds.Proc.ODP,Sci.Results,154:College Station,TX(OceanDrilling Program),1997:117-134
17邹光富,夏彤,楼雄英.四川广元地区上三叠统小塘子组、须家河组层序地层研究[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2003,23(3):73-80[Zou Guangfu,Xia Tong,Lou Xiongying.Sequence stratigraphy ofthe Late Triassic strata in the Guangyuan region,Sichuan[J].Sedi-mentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2003,23(3):73-80]
18何鲤,段勇,罗潇,等.川西坳陷上三叠统层序地层划分新方案[J].天然气工业,2007,27(2):6-11[He Li,Duan Yong,LuoXiao,et al.New scheme of sequence stratigraphic division for UpperTriassic in western Sichuan depression[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(2):6-11]
19刘金华,张世奇,孙耀庭,等.川西前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组地层的划分对比及沉积演化[J].地层学杂志,2007,31(2):190-196[Liu Jinhua,Zhang Shiqi,Sun Yaoting,et al.Correlationand evolution of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the west Si-chuan foreland basin[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2007,31(2):190-196]
20姜在兴,田继军,陈桂菊,等.川西前陆盆地上三叠统沉积特征[J].古地理学报,2007,9(2):143-154[Jiang Zaixing,Tian Ji-jun,Chen Guiju,et al.Sedimentary characteristics of the Upper Tri-assic in western Sichuan foreland basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeogra-phy,2007,9(2):143-154]
21李熙喆,张满郎,谢武仁,等.川西南地区上三叠统须家河组沉积相特征[J].天然气工业,2008,28(2):54-57[Li Xizhe,ZhangManglang,Xie Wuren,et al.Sedimentary facies of Upper TriassicXujiahe Formation in southwest Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas In-dustry,2008,28(2):54-57]
22张小会,赵重远.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组米兰科维奇旋回的确定[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(4):372-375[ZhangXiaohui,Zhao Zhongyua.Definition of Milankovitch cycles forYangchang Formation of the upper Triassic in Ordos Basin[J].Oiland Gas Geology,2002,23(4):372-375]
23郑兴平,罗平.川东渝北飞仙关组的米兰克维奇周期及其应用[J].天然气勘探与开发,2004,27(1):16-19[Zheng Xingping,Luo Ping.Analysis and application of Milankovitch cycles on Feixian-guan Formation,northeast Sichuan Basin,China[J].Gas Explorationand Development,2004,27(1):16-19]
24李凤杰,王多云,程微.应用自然伽马曲线反演陇东地区延安组沉积旋回[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2004,31(5):473-477[Li Fengjie,Wang Duoyun,Cheng Wei.Use of natural gam-ma-ray well log to study sedimentary cycles of Yan'an Formation inEastern Gansu,Ordos Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu Univer-sity of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2004,31(5):473-477]
25李斌,孟自芳,李相博,等.靖安油田延长组米兰柯维奇沉积旋回分析[J].地质科技情报,2005,24(2):64-70[Li Bin,MengZifang,Li Xiangbo,et al.Analysis of Milankovitch cycles of Yan-chang Formation in Jing’an Oilfield[J].Geological Science andTechnology Information,2005,24(2):64-70]
2 Weedon G.Time-Series Analysis and Cyclostratigraphy:ExaminingStratigraphic Records of Environmental Cycles[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,2003
3陈建业,冯庆来,陈晶,等.广西东攀二叠系一三叠系界线剖面基于岩石磁参数的米兰科维奇旋回特征和地层对比[J].地层学杂志,2007,31(4):309-316[Chen Jianye,Feng Qinglai,Chen Jin,etal.Cyclostratigraphy and stratigraphic correlation based on rock mag-netic parameters on the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Dongpan sec-tion in Guangxi[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2007,31(4):309-316]
4 Gorgas T J,Wilkens R H.Sedimentation rates of SW Africa since thelate Miocene deciphered from spectral analyses of borehole and GRAbulk density profiles:ODP Sites 1081-1084[J].Marine Geology,2002,180:29-47
5 Postma G,Ten Veen J H.Astronomically and tectonically linked varia-tions in gamma-ray intensity in Late Miocene hemipelagic successions ofthe Eastern Mediterranean Basin[J].Sedimentary Geology,1999,128:1-12
6 Laskar J,Gastineau M,Joutel F,et al.A long term numerical solutionfor the insolation quantities of Earth[J].Astronomy and Astrophysics,2004,428:261-285
7 Paillard D,Labeyrie L,Yiou P.Analyseries 1.0:a Macintosh softwarefor the analysis of geographical time-series[J].Eos Trabs.AGU,1996,77:379
8 Sierro F J,Ledesma S,Flores J A,et al.Sonic and gamma-ray astro-chronology:Cycle to cycle calibration of Atlantic climatic records toMediterranean sapropels and astronomical oscillations[J].Geology,2000,28:695-698
9 Ten Veen J H,Postma G.Astronomically forced variations in gamma-ray intensity:Late Miocene hemipelagic successions in the eastern Med-iterranean basin as a test case[J].Geology,1996,24:15-18
10伊海生.测井曲线旋回分析在碳酸盐岩层序地层研究中的应用[J].古地理学报,2011,13(4):456-466[Yi Haisheng.Applica-tion of well log cycle analysis in studies of sequence stratigraphy ofcarbonate rocks[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2011,13(4):456-466]
11 D'Argenio B,Ferreri V,Amodio S,et al.Hierarchy of high-frequencyorbital cycles in Cretaceous carbonate platform strata[J].SedimentaryGeology,1997,113:169-193
12柳永清.旋回年代学及其应用意义——华北地台中寒武世碳酸盐岩鲕滩高频旋回的年代学研究[J].地质论评,2001,47(1):53-56[LiuYongqing.Cycloehronology of orbital cycles and its implica-tion:a case study on the orbital forcing high-frequency cycles and cyc-lochronometer of mid-Cambrian oolitite carbonates in the north Chinaplatform[J].Geological Review,2001,47(1):53-56]
13梅冥相,马永生,周洪瑞,等.雾迷山旋回层的费希尔图解及其在定义前寒武纪三级海平面变化中的应用[J].地球学报,2001,22(5):429-436[Mei Mingxiang,Ma Yongsheng,Zhou Hongrui,etal.The fischer plots of Wumishan cyclothems as records of third-ordersea level changes in pre-Cambrian[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2001,22(5):429-436]
14龚一鸣,徐冉,汤中道,等.广西上泥盆统轨道旋回地层与牙形石带的数字定年[J].中国科学:D辑.2004,34(7):635-643[Gong Yiming,Xu Ruan,Tang Zhongdao,et al.The Upper Devoni-an orbital cyclostratigraphy and numerical dating conodont zones fromGuangxi,South China[J].Science in China:Series D,2004,34(8):1235-1250]
15 Lever H.Cyclic sedimentation in the shallow marine Upper PermianKennedy Group,Carnarvon Basin,Western Australia[J].Sedimenta-ry Geology,2004,172:187-209
16 King T A,Ellis W G Jr.Development of a high-quality natural gammadata set from the Ceara Rise:critical groundwork for core and log dataintegration[C]∥Shackleton N J,Curry W B,Richter C,et al.,eds.Proc.ODP,Sci.Results,154:College Station,TX(OceanDrilling Program),1997:117-134
17邹光富,夏彤,楼雄英.四川广元地区上三叠统小塘子组、须家河组层序地层研究[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2003,23(3):73-80[Zou Guangfu,Xia Tong,Lou Xiongying.Sequence stratigraphy ofthe Late Triassic strata in the Guangyuan region,Sichuan[J].Sedi-mentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2003,23(3):73-80]
18何鲤,段勇,罗潇,等.川西坳陷上三叠统层序地层划分新方案[J].天然气工业,2007,27(2):6-11[He Li,Duan Yong,LuoXiao,et al.New scheme of sequence stratigraphic division for UpperTriassic in western Sichuan depression[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(2):6-11]
19刘金华,张世奇,孙耀庭,等.川西前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组地层的划分对比及沉积演化[J].地层学杂志,2007,31(2):190-196[Liu Jinhua,Zhang Shiqi,Sun Yaoting,et al.Correlationand evolution of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the west Si-chuan foreland basin[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2007,31(2):190-196]
20姜在兴,田继军,陈桂菊,等.川西前陆盆地上三叠统沉积特征[J].古地理学报,2007,9(2):143-154[Jiang Zaixing,Tian Ji-jun,Chen Guiju,et al.Sedimentary characteristics of the Upper Tri-assic in western Sichuan foreland basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeogra-phy,2007,9(2):143-154]
21李熙喆,张满郎,谢武仁,等.川西南地区上三叠统须家河组沉积相特征[J].天然气工业,2008,28(2):54-57[Li Xizhe,ZhangManglang,Xie Wuren,et al.Sedimentary facies of Upper TriassicXujiahe Formation in southwest Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas In-dustry,2008,28(2):54-57]
22张小会,赵重远.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组米兰科维奇旋回的确定[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(4):372-375[ZhangXiaohui,Zhao Zhongyua.Definition of Milankovitch cycles forYangchang Formation of the upper Triassic in Ordos Basin[J].Oiland Gas Geology,2002,23(4):372-375]
23郑兴平,罗平.川东渝北飞仙关组的米兰克维奇周期及其应用[J].天然气勘探与开发,2004,27(1):16-19[Zheng Xingping,Luo Ping.Analysis and application of Milankovitch cycles on Feixian-guan Formation,northeast Sichuan Basin,China[J].Gas Explorationand Development,2004,27(1):16-19]
24李凤杰,王多云,程微.应用自然伽马曲线反演陇东地区延安组沉积旋回[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2004,31(5):473-477[Li Fengjie,Wang Duoyun,Cheng Wei.Use of natural gam-ma-ray well log to study sedimentary cycles of Yan'an Formation inEastern Gansu,Ordos Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu Univer-sity of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2004,31(5):473-477]
25李斌,孟自芳,李相博,等.靖安油田延长组米兰柯维奇沉积旋回分析[J].地质科技情报,2005,24(2):64-70[Li Bin,MengZifang,Li Xiangbo,et al.Analysis of Milankovitch cycles of Yan-chang Formation in Jing’an Oilfield[J].Geological Science andTechnology Information,2005,24(2):64-70]
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