塔里木盆地西北地区岩石力学格架及其地质意义
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摘要
通过系统采集塔里木盆地库车坳陷、柯坪隆起、巴楚隆起等露头区岩石力学样品,并对样品的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量和泊松比等岩石力学参数进行测试分析,编制了塔里木盆地的地层岩石力学剖面。通过对样品试件的破坏过程的应力-应变曲线综合分析,揭示了岩石结构失稳过程对岩石力学参数的影响作用,由此计算得出的岩石力学参数,为之后分层构造变形、差异滑脱等构造机理分析提供了精确的实验数据。同时结合地震反射剖面,以巴楚地区边界断裂-色力布亚断背斜为例进行几何学变形样式及其机理分析,通过借助Mass-Spring方程进行带有力学属性的构造恢复,并在此基础上进行应力应变分析。研究结果表明:色力布亚断背斜在构造变形过程中,能干层为志留系与泥盆系砂岩,由于其本身的岩石力学属性远高于临近层系,主导了上覆地层的变形,并抑制了深部层位的垂向变形;剖面解释成果揭示古近系底部阿尔塔什组膏盐岩与中、下寒武统的膏岩作为滑脱层,对应了实验所获取的岩石力学参数。结合对色力布亚断背斜的变形分析与应力应变分析,认为对于同一构造而言,在相同应力场的背景下,构造变形不但取决于岩层本身的岩石力学属性,构造变形的最终形态同样受其所处构造位置与变形行为的影响。
Through testing single-axial compressive strength,modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of rock samples collected from outcrop areas in Tarim basin,including Kuqa depression,Keping uplift and Bachu uplift,the section showing the rock mechanics characteristics of the Tarim basin is completed.The comprehensive ana-lysis of stress-strain curves of the samples shows the influence of the rocks structure on their mechanics characte-ristics,which offers accurate experiment data for analyzing differential layered and detachment structural deformation.Based on the seismic reflection profile,taking the Selibuya faulted-anticline which is the boundary fault of Bachu area as example,geometry deformation style and mechanism are analyzed.Structural recovery is based on mass-spring equation,and strain analysis based on this fact that the sandstone of Silurian and Devonian are capable layers.The research result indicates that,because its rock mechanics properties is far higher than adjacent formations,the Silurian and Devonian sandstone dominate the distortion of overlying strata and inhibit the vertical deformation of deep layers.Profile explanation result reveals that the gypsum within the Aertashi Formation at the bottom of the Paleogene and lower-middle Cambrian acts as the detachment layers,corresponding to the rock mechanics parameters obtained from laboratory.Combined with deformation analysis and stress-strain analysis of Selibuya faulted-anticline,it can be concluded that,for the same structure under the same stress field,structure deformation is not only controlled by the mechanical property of rock,but also decided by its structure position and deformation behavior.
Through testing single-axial compressive strength,modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of rock samples collected from outcrop areas in Tarim basin,including Kuqa depression,Keping uplift and Bachu uplift,the section showing the rock mechanics characteristics of the Tarim basin is completed.The comprehensive ana-lysis of stress-strain curves of the samples shows the influence of the rocks structure on their mechanics characte-ristics,which offers accurate experiment data for analyzing differential layered and detachment structural deformation.Based on the seismic reflection profile,taking the Selibuya faulted-anticline which is the boundary fault of Bachu area as example,geometry deformation style and mechanism are analyzed.Structural recovery is based on mass-spring equation,and strain analysis based on this fact that the sandstone of Silurian and Devonian are capable layers.The research result indicates that,because its rock mechanics properties is far higher than adjacent formations,the Silurian and Devonian sandstone dominate the distortion of overlying strata and inhibit the vertical deformation of deep layers.Profile explanation result reveals that the gypsum within the Aertashi Formation at the bottom of the Paleogene and lower-middle Cambrian acts as the detachment layers,corresponding to the rock mechanics parameters obtained from laboratory.Combined with deformation analysis and stress-strain analysis of Selibuya faulted-anticline,it can be concluded that,for the same structure under the same stress field,structure deformation is not only controlled by the mechanical property of rock,but also decided by its structure position and deformation behavior.
引文
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[16]田作基,宋建国.塔里木库车新生代前陆盆地构造特征及形成演化[J].石油学报,1999,20(4):7-13.Tian Zuoji,Song Jianguo.Tertiary Structure Characte-ristics and Evolution of Kuche Foreland Basin[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,1999,20(4):7-13.
[17]郭卫星,漆家福,李明刚,等.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带的反转构造及其形成机制[J].石油学报,2010,31(3):379-385.Guo Weixing,Qi Jiafu,Li Minggang,et al.InversionStructure of Kelasu Structure Zone in Kuqa Depressionand Its Formation Mechanism[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(3):379-385.
[18]李本亮,陈竹新,雷永良,等.天山南缘与北缘前陆冲断带构造地质特征对比及油气勘探建议[J].石油学报,2011,32(3):395-403.Li Benliang,Chen Zhuxin,Lei Yongliang,et al.Struc-tural Geology Correlation of Foreland Thrust-Folded BeltsBetween the Southern and Northern Edges of the Tians-han Mountain and Some Suggestions for Hydrocarbon Ex-ploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(3):395-403.
[19]周新桂,陈永峤,孙宝珊,等.塔里木盆地北部地层岩石力学特征及地质学意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(5):8-12.Zhou Xingui,Chen Yongqiao,Sun Baoshan,et al.Rock Mechanics Characteristics in Northern Tarim Basinand Its Geologic Significanc[J].Petroleum Explorationand Development,2002,29(5):8-12.
[20]丁文龙,林畅松,漆立新,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起构造格架及形成演化[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):242-251.Ding Wenlong,Lin Changsong,Qi Lixin,et al.Struc-tural Framework and Evolution of Bachu Uplift in TarimBasin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(2):242-251.
[21]付建奎,张光亚,马郡,等.塔里木盆地巴楚地区构造样式与演化[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(5):10-11.Fu Jiankui,Zhang Guangya,Ma Jun,et al.The Struc-tural Styles and Their Evolution in Bachu Area of TarimBasin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1999,26(5):10-11.
[22]魏国齐,贾承造.塔里木盆地逆冲带构造特征与油气[J].石油学报,1998,19(1):11-17.Wei Guoqi,Jia Chengzao.Structural Characteristics andOil&Gas of Thrust Belts in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,1998,19(1):11-17.
[23]张玮,雷刚林,师骏,等.塔西南坳陷甫沙构造带正反转构造及其石油地质意义[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2012,42(3):682-687.Zhang Wei,Lei Ganglin,Shi Jun,et al.Positive Inver-sion Structure in Fusha Structure Zone of Southwest De-pression of Tarim Basin and Its Significance to PetroleumGeology[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science E-dition,2012,42(3):682-687.
[24]杨庚,石昕,贾承造,等.塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪—巴楚地区皮羌断裂与色力布亚断裂空间关系[J].铀矿地质,2008,24(4):201-207.Yang Geng,Shi Xin,Jia Chengzao,et al.Spatial Rela-tionship Between Piqiang Fault and Selibuya Fault inKeping-Bachu District,Northwest Tarim Basin[J].Ura-nium Geology,2008,24(4):201-207.
[25]刘鸿文.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:25-26.Liu Hongwen.Mechanics of Materials[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2004:25-26.
[26]汤良杰,贾承造,皮学军,等.库车前陆褶皱带盐相关构造样式[J].中国科学:D辑,2003,33(1):38-46.Tang Liangjie,Jia Chengzao,Pi Xuejun,et al.Struc-ture Style with Salt Relationship in Kuqa Foreland-FoldBelt[J].Science in China:Series D,2003,33(1):38-46.
[2]刘金华,杨少春,陈宁宁,等.火成岩油气储层中构造裂缝的微构造曲率预测法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2009,38(6):815-819.Liu Jinhua,Yang Shaochun,Chen Ningning,et al.Fore-casting Method of Tectoclase in the Igneous ReservoirsUsing a Curvature of the Microtectonics[J].Journal ofChina University of Mining&Technology,2009,38(6):815-819.
[3]庄新兵,邹华耀,滕长宇.新构造运动期断裂活动对油气的控制作用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(3):453-459.Zhuang Xinbing,Zou Huayao,Teng Changyu.Control-ling of Hydrocarbons by Neotectonics and Tectonics FaultActivities:A Case Study of Bozhong Area[J].Journal ofChina University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(3):453-459.
[4]Santanu Misra.Deformation Localization at the Tips ofShear Fractures:An Analytical Approach[J].Tectono-physics,2010,29:1-6.
[5]姜波,秦勇,琚宜文,等.煤层气成藏的构造应力场研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005,34(5):564-569.Jiang Bo,Qin Yong,Ju Yiwen,et al.Research on Tec-tonic Stress Field of Generate and Reservoir of CoalbedMethane[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2005,34(5):564-569.
[6]Boris J.Factors that Control the Angle of Shear Bands inGeodynamic Numerical Models of Brittle Deformation[J].Tectonophysics,2010,484(1):36-47.
[7]Riccardo Caputo.Why Joints Are More Abundant thanFaults:A Conceptual Model to Estimate Their Ratio inLayered Carbonate Rocks[J].Journal of Structural Geo-logy,2010,32(9):1257-1270.
[8]Atilla Aydin,Marco Antonellini,Emanuele Tondi,et al.Deformation Along the Leading Edge of the Maiella ThrustSheet in Central Italy[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2010,32(9):1291-1304.
[9]姜波,徐凤银,彭德华,等.柴达木盆地北缘断裂构造变形特征[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(6):687-692.Jiang Bo,Xu Fengyin,Peng Dehua,et al.DeformationCharacteristics of Fault Structure on the Northern Fringeof Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of China University of Min-ing&Technology,2004,33(6):687-692.
[10]张林,魏国齐,杨威,等.大巴山前晚二叠世—早三叠世的伸展构造研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005,34(1):57-61.Zhang Lin,Wei Guoqi,Yang Wei,et al.Later Permianto Early Triassic Extensional Structure in Front of Dabas-han Mountain[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2005,34(1):57-61.
[11]Iain C Henderson,Guri V Ganer.The Relationship Be-tween Particle Characteristics and Frictional Strength inBasal Fault Breccias:Implications for Fault-Rock Evolu-tion and Rockslide Susceptibility[J].Tectonophysics,2010,486(1):132-149.
[12]Rohola Hasanpour,Naghdali Choupani.Rock FractureCharacterization Using the Modified Arcan Test Speci-men[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2009,46(2):346-354.
[13]周建勋.赣中安福煤田重力滑覆构造带变形岩石的显微构造研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1991,20(2):91-96.Zhou Jianxun.Microstructure of Deformation Rocks fromthe Gravity Gliding Nappe of Anfu Coal Field in CentralJiangxi Province[J].Journal of China University ofMining&Technology,1991,20(2):91-96.
[14]Cai Meifeng,Liu Dongmei.Study of Failure Mecha-nisms of Rock Under Compressive-Shear Loading UsingReal-Time Laser Holography[J].International Journalof Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2009,46(4):674-685.
[15]汤良杰,余一欣,杨文静,等.库车前陆褶皱冲断带前缘滑脱层内部变形特征[J].中国地质,2006,33(5):944-951.Tang Liangjie,Yu Yixin,Yang Wenjing,et al.InternalDeformation Features of Detachment Layers in the Frontof Kuqa Foreland Thrust-Fold Belt[J].China Geology,2006,33(5):944-951.
[16]田作基,宋建国.塔里木库车新生代前陆盆地构造特征及形成演化[J].石油学报,1999,20(4):7-13.Tian Zuoji,Song Jianguo.Tertiary Structure Characte-ristics and Evolution of Kuche Foreland Basin[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,1999,20(4):7-13.
[17]郭卫星,漆家福,李明刚,等.库车坳陷克拉苏构造带的反转构造及其形成机制[J].石油学报,2010,31(3):379-385.Guo Weixing,Qi Jiafu,Li Minggang,et al.InversionStructure of Kelasu Structure Zone in Kuqa Depressionand Its Formation Mechanism[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(3):379-385.
[18]李本亮,陈竹新,雷永良,等.天山南缘与北缘前陆冲断带构造地质特征对比及油气勘探建议[J].石油学报,2011,32(3):395-403.Li Benliang,Chen Zhuxin,Lei Yongliang,et al.Struc-tural Geology Correlation of Foreland Thrust-Folded BeltsBetween the Southern and Northern Edges of the Tians-han Mountain and Some Suggestions for Hydrocarbon Ex-ploration[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(3):395-403.
[19]周新桂,陈永峤,孙宝珊,等.塔里木盆地北部地层岩石力学特征及地质学意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(5):8-12.Zhou Xingui,Chen Yongqiao,Sun Baoshan,et al.Rock Mechanics Characteristics in Northern Tarim Basinand Its Geologic Significanc[J].Petroleum Explorationand Development,2002,29(5):8-12.
[20]丁文龙,林畅松,漆立新,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起构造格架及形成演化[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):242-251.Ding Wenlong,Lin Changsong,Qi Lixin,et al.Struc-tural Framework and Evolution of Bachu Uplift in TarimBasin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(2):242-251.
[21]付建奎,张光亚,马郡,等.塔里木盆地巴楚地区构造样式与演化[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(5):10-11.Fu Jiankui,Zhang Guangya,Ma Jun,et al.The Struc-tural Styles and Their Evolution in Bachu Area of TarimBasin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1999,26(5):10-11.
[22]魏国齐,贾承造.塔里木盆地逆冲带构造特征与油气[J].石油学报,1998,19(1):11-17.Wei Guoqi,Jia Chengzao.Structural Characteristics andOil&Gas of Thrust Belts in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,1998,19(1):11-17.
[23]张玮,雷刚林,师骏,等.塔西南坳陷甫沙构造带正反转构造及其石油地质意义[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2012,42(3):682-687.Zhang Wei,Lei Ganglin,Shi Jun,et al.Positive Inver-sion Structure in Fusha Structure Zone of Southwest De-pression of Tarim Basin and Its Significance to PetroleumGeology[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science E-dition,2012,42(3):682-687.
[24]杨庚,石昕,贾承造,等.塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪—巴楚地区皮羌断裂与色力布亚断裂空间关系[J].铀矿地质,2008,24(4):201-207.Yang Geng,Shi Xin,Jia Chengzao,et al.Spatial Rela-tionship Between Piqiang Fault and Selibuya Fault inKeping-Bachu District,Northwest Tarim Basin[J].Ura-nium Geology,2008,24(4):201-207.
[25]刘鸿文.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:25-26.Liu Hongwen.Mechanics of Materials[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2004:25-26.
[26]汤良杰,贾承造,皮学军,等.库车前陆褶皱带盐相关构造样式[J].中国科学:D辑,2003,33(1):38-46.Tang Liangjie,Jia Chengzao,Pi Xuejun,et al.Struc-ture Style with Salt Relationship in Kuqa Foreland-FoldBelt[J].Science in China:Series D,2003,33(1):38-46.
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