探地雷达属性技术进展
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摘要
探地雷达属性技术经过近十年的发展,其重要性已得到众多学者的逐渐认可,应用领域也越来越广泛,为了使该技术能进一步的深入发展,对其进行较全面的总结、评价和分析十分必要.本文通过对国内外资料的收集和分析,总结探地雷达属性技术中的成果,回顾了其发展历史,列举了目前常用的属性,阐述了具体研究方法,介绍了该技术应用领域,并对今后的发展进行了展望,认为探地震达属性技术拥有良好的应用前景.
Ground penetrating radar attribute technology has developed for about ten years,which has been accepted by scholars in more and more application domains.So it is important to summarize the technology for further progress.According to the data collection and analysis to summarize the achievements of the technology,the paper looks back the development of it,enumerates the common attributes,describes the research method and the application domains of the technology,and looks forward to the future.
Ground penetrating radar attribute technology has developed for about ten years,which has been accepted by scholars in more and more application domains.So it is important to summarize the technology for further progress.According to the data collection and analysis to summarize the achievements of the technology,the paper looks back the development of it,enumerates the common attributes,describes the research method and the application domains of the technology,and looks forward to the future.
引文
[1]Baker B S,Steeples D W,Schmeissner C,et al.Near-surfaceimaging using coincident seismic and GPR data.GeophysicalResearch Letters,2001,28(4):627-630.
[2]Cardimona S J,Clement W P,Kadinsky-Cade K.Seismic reflectionand ground-penetrating radar imaging of a shallow aquifer.Geophysics,1998,63(4):1310-1317.
[3]Pipan M,Forte E.Integrated seismic tomography and ground-penetrating radar(GPR)for the high-resolution study of burialmounds(tumuli).Journal of Archaeological Science,2008,35(9):2614-2623.
[4]Chopra S,Marfurt K J.Seismic attributes—A historicalperspective.Geophysics,2005,70(5):3SO-28SO.
[5]Chopra S,Alexeev V.Applications of texture attribute analysisto 3Dseismic data.The Leading Edge,2006,25(8):934-940.
[6]Gao D L.Volume texture extraction for 3Dseismic visualizationand interpretation.Geophysics,2003,68(4):1294-1302.
[7]Gao D L.Texture model regression for effective featurediscrimination—Application to seismic facies visualization andinterpretation.Geophysics,2004,69(4):958-967.
[8]Marfurt K J,Kirlin R L,Framer S L,et al.3-D seismicattributes using a semblance-based coherency algorithm.Geophysics,1998,63(4):1150-1165.
[9]Young R A,Deng Z H,Marfurt,et al.3-D dip filtering andcoherence applied to GPR data:A study.The Leading Edge,1997,16:1011-1018.
[10]Rea J,Knight R.Geostatistical analysis of ground-penetratingradar data:A means of describing spatial variation in thesubsurface.Water Resources Research,1998,34(3):329-339.
[11]Bergmann T,Robertsson J O A,Holliger K.Finite-differencemodeling of electromagnetic wave propagation in dispersiveand attenuating media.Geophysics,2006,71(3):K47-K57.
[12]Lemke S R,Mankowski L C.GPR attribute analysis.EEGS:Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysicsto Engineering and Environmental Problems,2000.
[13]Senecha P,Perroud H,Senechal G.Interpretation of reflectionattributes in a 3-D GPR survey at Vallée d’Ossau,westernPyrenees,France.Geophysics,2000,65(5):1435-1445.
[14]Keach RW,McBride J H,Pykles B C.Petroleum industrytechniques yield new insights into 3D GPR data.IEEE:Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR),13th InternationalConference on,2010.
[15]Corbeanu R M,McMechan G A,Szerbiak R B,et al.Prediction of 3-D fluid permeability and mudstone distributionsfrom ground-penetrating radar(GPR)attributes:Examplefrom the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member,east-centralUtah.Geophysics,2002,67(5):1495-1504.
[16]Moysey S,Knight R J,Jol H M.Texture-based classificationof ground-penetrating radar images.Geophysics,2006,73(2):B11-B23.
[17]Bradford J H,Wu Y F.Instantaneous spectral analysis:Time-frequency mapping via wavelet matching with application tocontaminated-site characterization by 3DGPR.The LeadingEdge,2007,26(8):1018-1023.
[18]McClymont A F,Green A G,Streich R,et al.Visualization ofactive faults using geometric attributes of 3DGPR data:Anexample from the Alpine fault zone,New Zealand.Geophysics,2008,73(2):B11-B23.
[19]Bniger U,Tronicke J.Improving the interpretability of 3DGPR data using target–specific attributes:application totomb detection.Journal of Archaeological Science,2010,37(4):672-679.
[20]Booth A D,Endres A L,Murray T.Spectral bandwidthenhancement of GPR profiling data using multiple-frequencycompositing.Journal of Applied Geophysics,2009,67(1):88-97.
[21]Sinha S,Routh P,Anno P.Instantaneous spectral attributesusing scales in continuous-wavelet transform.Geophysics,2009,74(2):WA137-WA142.
[22]Conyers L B,Leckebusch J.Geophysical archaeology researchagendas for the future:Some ground-penetrating radarexamples.Archaeological Prospection,2010,17(2):117-123.
[23]Novo A,Lorenzo H,Rial F I,et al.3DGPR in forensics:Finding a clandestine grave in a mountainous environment.Forensic Science International,2011,204(1-3):134-138.
[24]Zeng X X,McMechan G A,Xu T.Synthesis of amplitude-versus-offset variations in ground-penetrating radar data.Geophysics,2000,65(1):113-125.
[25]Kruse S H,Jol H M.Amplitude analysis of repetitive GPRreflections on a Lake Bonneville delta,Utah.GeologicalSociety,2003,211:287-298.
[26]Young R A,Deng Z H,Marfurt K J,et al.3-D dip filteringand coherence applied to GPR data:A study.The LeadingEdge,1997,16:1011-1018.
[27]Sassen D S.Coherency attribute algorithm for polarimetricground penetrating radar(GPR).SEG Las Vegas AnnualMeeting,2008,27:1172-1176.
[28]Bahorich M,Farmer S.3-D seismic discontinuity for faults andstratigraphic features:the coherence cube.The Leading Edge,1995,14(10):1053-1058.
[29]Marfurt K J,Kirlin R L,Farmer S L,et al.3-D seismicattributes using a semblance-based coherency algorithm.Geophysics,1998,63(4):1150-1165.
[30]Grégoire C,Hollender F.Discontinuity characterization by theinversion of the spectral content of ground-penetrating radar(GPR)reflections—Application of the Jonscher model.Geophysics,2004,69(6):1414-1424.
[31]Sloss L L.Stratigraphic models in exploration.A APGBulletin,1962,46(7):1050-1057.
[32]Taner M T,Koehler F,Sherif R E.Complex seismic traceanalysis.Geophysics,1979,44:1041-1063.
[33]Roberts A.Curvature attributes and their application to 3Dinterpreted horizons.First Break,2001,19(2):85-100.
[34]曾昭发,刘四新,王者江等.探地雷达方法原理及应用.北京:科学出版社,2006:1-239.Zeng Z F,Liu S X,Wang Z J,et al.Theory and Application ofGround Penetrating Radar(in Chinese).Beijing:SciencePress,2006:1-239.
[35]Sassen D S,Everett M E.3Dpolarimetric GPR coherencyattributes and full-waveform inversion of transmission datafor characterizing fractured rock.Geophysics,2009,74(3):J23-J34.
[36]Wang B B,Tian G,Cui X B,et al.The internal COF feature inDome A of Antarctic revealed by the multi-polarization-planeRES.Applied Geophysics,2008,5(3):230-237.
[37]Pipan M,Baradello L,Forte E,et al.2-D and 3-D processingand interpretation of multi-fold ground penetrating radardata:a case history from an archaeological site.Journal ofApplied Geophysics,1999,41(2-3):271-292.
[38]Bradford J H.Measuring water content heterogeneity usingmultifold GPR with reflection tomography.Vadose ZoneJournal,2008,7(1):184-193.
[39]Leucci G,Negri S.Use of ground penetrating radar to mapsubsurface archaeological features in an urban area.Journal ofArchaeological Science,2006,33(4):502-512.
[40]McMechan G A,Gaynor G C,Szerbiak R B.Use of ground-penetrating radar for 3-D sedimentological characterization ofclastic reservoir analogs.Geophysics,1997,62(3):786-796.
[41]González-Drigo R,Pérez-Gracia V,Di Capua D,et al.GPRsurvey applied to Modernista buildings in Barcelona:Thecultural heritage of the College of Industrial Engineering.Journal of Cultural Heritage,2008,9(2):196-202.
[42]McClymont A F,Green A G,Kaiser A,et al.Shallow faultsegmentation of the Alpine fault zone,New Zealand revealedfrom 2-and 3-D GPR surveying.Journal of Applied Geophysics,2010,70(4):343-354.
[43]Prinzio M D,Bittelli M,Castellarin A,et al.Application ofGPR to the monitoring of river embankments.Journal ofApplied Geophysics,2010,71(2-3):53-61.
[44]Singh K K,Datt P,Sharma V,et al.Snow depth and snowlayer interface estimation using Ground Penetrating Radar.Current Science,2011,100(10):1532-1539.
[45]Grote K,Anger C,Kelly B,et al.Characterization of SoilWater Content Variability and Soil Texture using GPRGroundwave Techniques.Journal of Environmental&Engineering Geophysics,2010,15(3):93-110.
[46]Lago A L,Elis V R,Borges W R,et al.Geophysical investigationusing resistivity and GPR methods:a case study of a lubricantoil waste disposal area in the city of Ribeiro Preto,SoPaulo,Brazil.Environmental Geology,2009,58(2):407-417.
[47]Varela-Ortz W,Lugo Cintrón G Y,Velázquez G I,et al.Loadtesting and GPR assessment for concrete bridges on militaryinstallations.Construction and Building Materials,2010,44(9):1-15.
[48]Makkawi M H.Integrating GPR and geostatistical techniquesto map the spatial extent of a shallow groundwater system.Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2004,56(1):56-62.
[49]Taurisano A,Tronstad S,Brandt O,et al.On the use ofground penetrating radar for detecting and reducing crevasse-hazard in Dronning Maud Land,Antarctica.Cold RegionsScience and Technology,2006,45(3):166-177.
[50]Goodman D,Piro S,Nishimura Y,et al.Discovery of a 1stcentury AD Roman amphitheater and other structures at theForum Novum by GPR.Journal of Environmental andEngineering Geophysics,2004,9(1):35-41.
[51]Franseen E K,Byrnes A P,Xia J H,et al.Improvingresolution and understanding controls on GPR response incarbonate strata:Implications for attribute analysis.TheLeading Edge,2007,26(8):984-993.
[52]Grasmueck M.3-D ground-penetrating radar applied to fractureimaging in gneiss.Geophysics,1996,61(4):1050-1064.
[53]Szerbiak R B,McMechan G A,Corbernu R,et al.3-Dcharacterization of a clastic reservoir analog:From 3-D GPRdata to a 3-D fluid permeability model.Geophysics,2001,66(4):1026-1037.
[54]Baker G S.Applying AVO analysis to GPR data.GeophysicalResearch Letters,1998,25(3):397-400.
[55]Bradford J H,Deeds J C.Ground-penetrating radar theory andapplication of thin-bed offset-dependent reflectivity.Geophysics,2006,71(3):K47-K57.
[56]Leckebusch J.Ground-penetrating radar:a modern three-dimensional prospection method.Archaeological Prospection,2003,10(4):213-240.
[57]Bniger U,T ronicke J.Integrated data analysis at anarchaeological site:A case study using 3DGPR,magnetic,andhigh-resolution topographic data.Geophysics,2010,75(4):B169-B176.
[2]Cardimona S J,Clement W P,Kadinsky-Cade K.Seismic reflectionand ground-penetrating radar imaging of a shallow aquifer.Geophysics,1998,63(4):1310-1317.
[3]Pipan M,Forte E.Integrated seismic tomography and ground-penetrating radar(GPR)for the high-resolution study of burialmounds(tumuli).Journal of Archaeological Science,2008,35(9):2614-2623.
[4]Chopra S,Marfurt K J.Seismic attributes—A historicalperspective.Geophysics,2005,70(5):3SO-28SO.
[5]Chopra S,Alexeev V.Applications of texture attribute analysisto 3Dseismic data.The Leading Edge,2006,25(8):934-940.
[6]Gao D L.Volume texture extraction for 3Dseismic visualizationand interpretation.Geophysics,2003,68(4):1294-1302.
[7]Gao D L.Texture model regression for effective featurediscrimination—Application to seismic facies visualization andinterpretation.Geophysics,2004,69(4):958-967.
[8]Marfurt K J,Kirlin R L,Framer S L,et al.3-D seismicattributes using a semblance-based coherency algorithm.Geophysics,1998,63(4):1150-1165.
[9]Young R A,Deng Z H,Marfurt,et al.3-D dip filtering andcoherence applied to GPR data:A study.The Leading Edge,1997,16:1011-1018.
[10]Rea J,Knight R.Geostatistical analysis of ground-penetratingradar data:A means of describing spatial variation in thesubsurface.Water Resources Research,1998,34(3):329-339.
[11]Bergmann T,Robertsson J O A,Holliger K.Finite-differencemodeling of electromagnetic wave propagation in dispersiveand attenuating media.Geophysics,2006,71(3):K47-K57.
[12]Lemke S R,Mankowski L C.GPR attribute analysis.EEGS:Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysicsto Engineering and Environmental Problems,2000.
[13]Senecha P,Perroud H,Senechal G.Interpretation of reflectionattributes in a 3-D GPR survey at Vallée d’Ossau,westernPyrenees,France.Geophysics,2000,65(5):1435-1445.
[14]Keach RW,McBride J H,Pykles B C.Petroleum industrytechniques yield new insights into 3D GPR data.IEEE:Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR),13th InternationalConference on,2010.
[15]Corbeanu R M,McMechan G A,Szerbiak R B,et al.Prediction of 3-D fluid permeability and mudstone distributionsfrom ground-penetrating radar(GPR)attributes:Examplefrom the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member,east-centralUtah.Geophysics,2002,67(5):1495-1504.
[16]Moysey S,Knight R J,Jol H M.Texture-based classificationof ground-penetrating radar images.Geophysics,2006,73(2):B11-B23.
[17]Bradford J H,Wu Y F.Instantaneous spectral analysis:Time-frequency mapping via wavelet matching with application tocontaminated-site characterization by 3DGPR.The LeadingEdge,2007,26(8):1018-1023.
[18]McClymont A F,Green A G,Streich R,et al.Visualization ofactive faults using geometric attributes of 3DGPR data:Anexample from the Alpine fault zone,New Zealand.Geophysics,2008,73(2):B11-B23.
[19]Bniger U,Tronicke J.Improving the interpretability of 3DGPR data using target–specific attributes:application totomb detection.Journal of Archaeological Science,2010,37(4):672-679.
[20]Booth A D,Endres A L,Murray T.Spectral bandwidthenhancement of GPR profiling data using multiple-frequencycompositing.Journal of Applied Geophysics,2009,67(1):88-97.
[21]Sinha S,Routh P,Anno P.Instantaneous spectral attributesusing scales in continuous-wavelet transform.Geophysics,2009,74(2):WA137-WA142.
[22]Conyers L B,Leckebusch J.Geophysical archaeology researchagendas for the future:Some ground-penetrating radarexamples.Archaeological Prospection,2010,17(2):117-123.
[23]Novo A,Lorenzo H,Rial F I,et al.3DGPR in forensics:Finding a clandestine grave in a mountainous environment.Forensic Science International,2011,204(1-3):134-138.
[24]Zeng X X,McMechan G A,Xu T.Synthesis of amplitude-versus-offset variations in ground-penetrating radar data.Geophysics,2000,65(1):113-125.
[25]Kruse S H,Jol H M.Amplitude analysis of repetitive GPRreflections on a Lake Bonneville delta,Utah.GeologicalSociety,2003,211:287-298.
[26]Young R A,Deng Z H,Marfurt K J,et al.3-D dip filteringand coherence applied to GPR data:A study.The LeadingEdge,1997,16:1011-1018.
[27]Sassen D S.Coherency attribute algorithm for polarimetricground penetrating radar(GPR).SEG Las Vegas AnnualMeeting,2008,27:1172-1176.
[28]Bahorich M,Farmer S.3-D seismic discontinuity for faults andstratigraphic features:the coherence cube.The Leading Edge,1995,14(10):1053-1058.
[29]Marfurt K J,Kirlin R L,Farmer S L,et al.3-D seismicattributes using a semblance-based coherency algorithm.Geophysics,1998,63(4):1150-1165.
[30]Grégoire C,Hollender F.Discontinuity characterization by theinversion of the spectral content of ground-penetrating radar(GPR)reflections—Application of the Jonscher model.Geophysics,2004,69(6):1414-1424.
[31]Sloss L L.Stratigraphic models in exploration.A APGBulletin,1962,46(7):1050-1057.
[32]Taner M T,Koehler F,Sherif R E.Complex seismic traceanalysis.Geophysics,1979,44:1041-1063.
[33]Roberts A.Curvature attributes and their application to 3Dinterpreted horizons.First Break,2001,19(2):85-100.
[34]曾昭发,刘四新,王者江等.探地雷达方法原理及应用.北京:科学出版社,2006:1-239.Zeng Z F,Liu S X,Wang Z J,et al.Theory and Application ofGround Penetrating Radar(in Chinese).Beijing:SciencePress,2006:1-239.
[35]Sassen D S,Everett M E.3Dpolarimetric GPR coherencyattributes and full-waveform inversion of transmission datafor characterizing fractured rock.Geophysics,2009,74(3):J23-J34.
[36]Wang B B,Tian G,Cui X B,et al.The internal COF feature inDome A of Antarctic revealed by the multi-polarization-planeRES.Applied Geophysics,2008,5(3):230-237.
[37]Pipan M,Baradello L,Forte E,et al.2-D and 3-D processingand interpretation of multi-fold ground penetrating radardata:a case history from an archaeological site.Journal ofApplied Geophysics,1999,41(2-3):271-292.
[38]Bradford J H.Measuring water content heterogeneity usingmultifold GPR with reflection tomography.Vadose ZoneJournal,2008,7(1):184-193.
[39]Leucci G,Negri S.Use of ground penetrating radar to mapsubsurface archaeological features in an urban area.Journal ofArchaeological Science,2006,33(4):502-512.
[40]McMechan G A,Gaynor G C,Szerbiak R B.Use of ground-penetrating radar for 3-D sedimentological characterization ofclastic reservoir analogs.Geophysics,1997,62(3):786-796.
[41]González-Drigo R,Pérez-Gracia V,Di Capua D,et al.GPRsurvey applied to Modernista buildings in Barcelona:Thecultural heritage of the College of Industrial Engineering.Journal of Cultural Heritage,2008,9(2):196-202.
[42]McClymont A F,Green A G,Kaiser A,et al.Shallow faultsegmentation of the Alpine fault zone,New Zealand revealedfrom 2-and 3-D GPR surveying.Journal of Applied Geophysics,2010,70(4):343-354.
[43]Prinzio M D,Bittelli M,Castellarin A,et al.Application ofGPR to the monitoring of river embankments.Journal ofApplied Geophysics,2010,71(2-3):53-61.
[44]Singh K K,Datt P,Sharma V,et al.Snow depth and snowlayer interface estimation using Ground Penetrating Radar.Current Science,2011,100(10):1532-1539.
[45]Grote K,Anger C,Kelly B,et al.Characterization of SoilWater Content Variability and Soil Texture using GPRGroundwave Techniques.Journal of Environmental&Engineering Geophysics,2010,15(3):93-110.
[46]Lago A L,Elis V R,Borges W R,et al.Geophysical investigationusing resistivity and GPR methods:a case study of a lubricantoil waste disposal area in the city of Ribeiro Preto,SoPaulo,Brazil.Environmental Geology,2009,58(2):407-417.
[47]Varela-Ortz W,Lugo Cintrón G Y,Velázquez G I,et al.Loadtesting and GPR assessment for concrete bridges on militaryinstallations.Construction and Building Materials,2010,44(9):1-15.
[48]Makkawi M H.Integrating GPR and geostatistical techniquesto map the spatial extent of a shallow groundwater system.Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2004,56(1):56-62.
[49]Taurisano A,Tronstad S,Brandt O,et al.On the use ofground penetrating radar for detecting and reducing crevasse-hazard in Dronning Maud Land,Antarctica.Cold RegionsScience and Technology,2006,45(3):166-177.
[50]Goodman D,Piro S,Nishimura Y,et al.Discovery of a 1stcentury AD Roman amphitheater and other structures at theForum Novum by GPR.Journal of Environmental andEngineering Geophysics,2004,9(1):35-41.
[51]Franseen E K,Byrnes A P,Xia J H,et al.Improvingresolution and understanding controls on GPR response incarbonate strata:Implications for attribute analysis.TheLeading Edge,2007,26(8):984-993.
[52]Grasmueck M.3-D ground-penetrating radar applied to fractureimaging in gneiss.Geophysics,1996,61(4):1050-1064.
[53]Szerbiak R B,McMechan G A,Corbernu R,et al.3-Dcharacterization of a clastic reservoir analog:From 3-D GPRdata to a 3-D fluid permeability model.Geophysics,2001,66(4):1026-1037.
[54]Baker G S.Applying AVO analysis to GPR data.GeophysicalResearch Letters,1998,25(3):397-400.
[55]Bradford J H,Deeds J C.Ground-penetrating radar theory andapplication of thin-bed offset-dependent reflectivity.Geophysics,2006,71(3):K47-K57.
[56]Leckebusch J.Ground-penetrating radar:a modern three-dimensional prospection method.Archaeological Prospection,2003,10(4):213-240.
[57]Bniger U,T ronicke J.Integrated data analysis at anarchaeological site:A case study using 3DGPR,magnetic,andhigh-resolution topographic data.Geophysics,2010,75(4):B169-B176.
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