南海北部陆架南北卫浅滩的成因及油气地质意义
摘要
世界范围内的陆架调查已经清楚,陆架浅滩是普遍发育于陆架区的一种海底地貌类型。在中国陆架上发育多个知名浅滩,这些浅滩和现今动力条件处于动态平衡状态,为现今潮流沉积体系。然而,南海北部陆架的南北卫浅滩在地貌上被称为陆架浅滩,但其成因却和其他陆架浅滩有着根本不同。根据地震剖面解释结果,本文指出,南海北部珠江口东南陆架上发育的南卫滩、北卫滩和惠州滩都属于构造地形,其下部各对应一个底辟构造。这3个底辟构造并不是孤立的,而是在深部属于同一个较大的背冲构造。这个背冲构造位于南北卫滩的下方,其上几个突出的底辟,则和本文讨论的南卫滩、北卫滩和惠州滩相对应。南卫滩、北卫滩和惠州滩在成因上具有统一的深部背景,从而在平面上构成一个统一的底辟系统,本文称为南北卫滩底辟系统。该底辟系统以北卫滩为中心,包括南卫滩、惠州滩和陆丰滩,形成一个大致呈圆形,直径约50km的区域。在构造上,该底辟系统位于珠一坳陷和东沙隆起之间。南北卫滩底辟系统的发育起因于东沙隆起后在南海东北部形成的挤压应力环境。底辟系统的发育活化了惠陆-东沙含油气系统的输导层,并重新调整了油气运移的势差和势梯度,在环绕南北卫滩底辟系统一定距离的圆周上形成一个有利于油气聚集的环带。已知的油气田基本分布于这个环带上。下一步的油气勘探方向应该考虑围绕这个环带重点展开。同时,应该考虑在南北卫滩底辟系统的中心带内开展气藏的勘探工作。
Worldwide continental shelves have been investigated and shelf shoals are a kind of submarine geography commonly developed within continental shelf areas.Several known shoals have been developed within Chinese continual shelf.These shoals have set up a dynamic equilibrium system with present dynamic conditions,forming a modern tidal current deposit regime.However,the Nanbeiwei shoal on the shelf of the northern South China Sea is named continental shelf shoal,but its genesis is completely different from other continental shoals.Based on the seismic data,this paper indicates that Nanwei,Beiwei,and Huizhou shoals developed within the east and south shelves belong to structural landform,with each shelf corresponding to one underlying diaper.They do not occur independently but belong to relative larger thrusting structure at depth.The thrusting structure is located beneath the Nanwei and Beiwei shoals with several diapers,which respond to the Nanwei,Beiwei and Huizhou shoals discussed in this study.The Nanwei,Beiwei and Huizhou shoals have the same deep setting,constituting a united diapir system on plane,and this study names it Nanbeiwei shoal diapir system.This diapir sytem forms roughly round shape with Beiwei at center and Nanwei,Huizhou and Lufeng around the margin,and is confined within an area of 50 km in diameter.Tectonically,the diapir system rests between Zhuhai depression and Dongsha uplift.Development of the Nanbeiwei diapir system is attributed to a compressed stress setting in the northeast of South Sea by the Dongsha uplift.This system activated transport layer of the Huilu-Dongsha petroleum system,and re-adjusted potential difference and gradient of oil and gas migration,forming a preferential zone for hydrocarbon accumulation near to the diapir system.The known oil and gas fields are basically distributed around this zone.Therefore,future oil and gas exploration should aim at this zone,as well as within the central area of the Nanbeiwei diapir system.
Worldwide continental shelves have been investigated and shelf shoals are a kind of submarine geography commonly developed within continental shelf areas.Several known shoals have been developed within Chinese continual shelf.These shoals have set up a dynamic equilibrium system with present dynamic conditions,forming a modern tidal current deposit regime.However,the Nanbeiwei shoal on the shelf of the northern South China Sea is named continental shelf shoal,but its genesis is completely different from other continental shoals.Based on the seismic data,this paper indicates that Nanwei,Beiwei,and Huizhou shoals developed within the east and south shelves belong to structural landform,with each shelf corresponding to one underlying diaper.They do not occur independently but belong to relative larger thrusting structure at depth.The thrusting structure is located beneath the Nanwei and Beiwei shoals with several diapers,which respond to the Nanwei,Beiwei and Huizhou shoals discussed in this study.The Nanwei,Beiwei and Huizhou shoals have the same deep setting,constituting a united diapir system on plane,and this study names it Nanbeiwei shoal diapir system.This diapir sytem forms roughly round shape with Beiwei at center and Nanwei,Huizhou and Lufeng around the margin,and is confined within an area of 50 km in diameter.Tectonically,the diapir system rests between Zhuhai depression and Dongsha uplift.Development of the Nanbeiwei diapir system is attributed to a compressed stress setting in the northeast of South Sea by the Dongsha uplift.This system activated transport layer of the Huilu-Dongsha petroleum system,and re-adjusted potential difference and gradient of oil and gas migration,forming a preferential zone for hydrocarbon accumulation near to the diapir system.The known oil and gas fields are basically distributed around this zone.Therefore,future oil and gas exploration should aim at this zone,as well as within the central area of the Nanbeiwei diapir system.
引文
陈长民.2000.珠江口盆地东部石油地质及油气藏形成条件初探.中国海上油气(地质),14(2):73～83.
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陈中原,周长振,杨文达.1986.长江口外现代水下地貌与沉积.东海海洋,4(2):28～37.
杜晓琴,李炎,高抒.2008.台湾浅滩大型沙波、潮流结构和推移质输运特征.海洋学报,30(5):124～136.
龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊,张启明,许仕策,夏戡原,杨甲明,孙永传,刘丽华,等.1997.南海北部大陆架边缘盆地分析与油气聚集.北京:科学出版社,510.
龚再升,李思田,等.2004.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气成藏动力学研究.北京:科学出版社,339.
郝芳.2005.超压盆地生烃作用动力学与油气成藏机理.北京:科学出版社,406.
何家雄,刘海龄,姚永坚,张树林,栾锡武.2008.南海北部边缘盆地油气地质及资源前景.北京:石油工业出版社,185.
胡朝元.1996.成油系统在中国的提出及应用.石油学报,17(1):10～16.
胡红兵,胡光道,程和琴.2007.长江口冲积岛浅滩演变的可视化分析.地理与地理信息科学,23(4):85～88.
胡见义,黄第藩.1991.中国陆相石油地质理论.北京:石油工业出版社,235～332.
黄梅英,李舫志,李平鲁.1993.珠江口盆地东部前第三纪—早第三纪洼陷特征及油气前景.中国海上油气(地质),7(3):1～9.
金波,鲍才旺,林吉胜.1982.琼州海峡东西口地貌特征及其成因初探.海洋地质研究,2(4):94～101.
寇养琦.1993.南海北部卫滩区浅断层的特征.中国海上油气(地质),7(2):13～19.
李德生.1995.中国石油地质学的理论与实践.地学前缘,2(3):15～19.
李福林,夏东兴,王文海,吴桑云,王永吉.2004.登州浅滩的形成、动态演化及其可恢复性研究.海洋学报,26(6):65～73.
李平鲁.1993.珠江口盆地新生代构造运动.中国海上油气(地质),7(6):11～17.
刘振夏.1996.对扬子浅滩成因的再认识.海洋学报,18(2):85～92.
刘振夏,夏东兴.1983.潮流脊的初步研究.海洋与湖沼,14(3):286～296.
刘振夏,夏东兴.2004.中国近海潮流沉积沙体.北京:海洋出版社,222.
栾锡武,彭学超,邱燕.2009.南海北部陆坡高速堆积体的构造成因.现代地质,23(2):183～199.
栾锡武,彭学超,邱燕.2010.南海北部陆架海底沙波基本特征及属性.地质学报,84(2):285～298.
庞雄,陈长民,彭大钧,周蒂,陈红汉.2007.南海珠江深水扇系统及油气.北京:中国科学出版社,361.
彭学超,吴庐山,崔兆国,刘胜旋,王衍棠.2006.南海东沙群岛以北海底沙波稳定性分析.热带海洋学报,25(3):21～27.
苏乃容,曾麟,李平鲁.1995.珠江口盆地东部中生代凹陷地质特征.中国海上油气(地质),9(4):228～236.
汤毓祥,刘振夏,姚兰芳.1993.辽东浅滩海域潮流运动特征及其与潮流脊发育的关系.黄渤海海洋,11(4):9～18.
陶常飞,吴建政,亓发庆,张子鹏.2008.曹妃甸浅滩表层砂体插桩深度研究.海岸工程,27(4):54～59.
王尚毅,李大鸣.1994.南海珠江口盆地陆架斜坡及大陆坡海底沙波动态分析.海洋学报,16(6):122～132.
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王颖,朱大奎.1998.南黄海辐射沙脊群沉积特点及其演变.中国科学(D辑),28(5):386～393.
薛春汀,丁东.2008.渤海莱州湾南岸潍河一弥河三角洲—沉积序列和沉积格架.地理科学,28(5):672～676.
杨子赓.1985.南黄海陆架更新世以来的沉积环境.海洋地质与第四纪地质,5(4):1～19.
姚伯初.1994.南海南部地区的新生代构造演化.南海地质研究,6:1～15.
叶银灿,庄振业,来向华,刘奎,陈小玲.2004.东海扬子浅滩砂质底形研究.中国海洋大学学报,34(6):1057～1062.
尹延鸿.2009.曹妃甸浅滩潮道保护意义及曹妃甸新老填海规划的对比分析.现代地质,23(2):200～209.
张明,郝品正,冯小香,孔宪卫,郝媛媛.2010.辽河口三角洲前缘岸滩演变分析.海洋湖沼通报,3:142～148.
赵松龄.1991.苏北浅滩成因的最新研究.海洋地质与第四纪地质,11(3):105～112.
郑铁民,张君元.1983.台湾浅滩及其附近大陆架的地形和沉积特征的初步研究.见:中国科学院海洋研究所海洋地质研究室主编,黄东海地质.北京:科学出版社,52～66.
朱伟林,张功成,杨少坤,李绪深,施和生,庞雄,骆宗强,黄保家,何敏,等.2007.南海北部大陆边缘盆地天然气地质.北京:石油工业出版社,391.
Amos C L,King E L.1984.Bedforms of the Canadian easternseaboard:a comparison with global occurrences.MarineGeology,57(1～4):167～208.
Belderson R H,Pingree R D,Griffiths D K.1986.Low sea-leveltidal origin of Celtic Sea sand banks—evidence from numericalmodelling of M2tidal streams.Marine Geology,73(1～2):99～108.
Demaison G,Huizinga B J.1994.Genetic classification of petroleumsystems using three factors:charge,migration,and entrapment.In:Magoon L B,Dow W G,ed.The petroleumsystem—from source to trap.AAPG Memoir,60:73～89.
Dyer K R,Huntley D A.1999.The origin,classification andmodelling of sand banks and ridges.Continental ShelfResearch,19(10):1285～1330.
Liang W D,Tang T Y,Yang Y J,Ko M T,Chuang W S.2003.Upper-ocean currents around Taiwan.Deep-Sea Res.Ⅱ,50:1085～1105.
Pattiaratchi C,Collins M.1987.Mechanisms for linear sandbankformation and maintenance in relation to dynamical oceanographic observations.Progress in Oceanography,19():
Shaw P T,Chao S Y.1994.Surface circulation in the South ChinaSea.Deep-Sea Research I,41:1663～1683.
Swift D J P,Niederoda A W,Vincent C E,Hopkins T S.1985.Barrier island evolution,middle Atlantic shelf,U.S.A.Part I:shore face dynamics.Marine Geology,63(1～4):331～361.
Wang P,Wang L,Bian Y,Jian Z.1995.Late Quaternarypaleoceanography of the South China Sea:surface circulationand carbonate cycles.Marine Geology:127:145～165.
陈沈良.1998.琼州海峡南岸海岸动力地貌研究.热带海洋,17(3):34～42.
陈中原,周长振,杨文达.1986.长江口外现代水下地貌与沉积.东海海洋,4(2):28～37.
杜晓琴,李炎,高抒.2008.台湾浅滩大型沙波、潮流结构和推移质输运特征.海洋学报,30(5):124～136.
龚再升,李思田,谢泰俊,张启明,许仕策,夏戡原,杨甲明,孙永传,刘丽华,等.1997.南海北部大陆架边缘盆地分析与油气聚集.北京:科学出版社,510.
龚再升,李思田,等.2004.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气成藏动力学研究.北京:科学出版社,339.
郝芳.2005.超压盆地生烃作用动力学与油气成藏机理.北京:科学出版社,406.
何家雄,刘海龄,姚永坚,张树林,栾锡武.2008.南海北部边缘盆地油气地质及资源前景.北京:石油工业出版社,185.
胡朝元.1996.成油系统在中国的提出及应用.石油学报,17(1):10～16.
胡红兵,胡光道,程和琴.2007.长江口冲积岛浅滩演变的可视化分析.地理与地理信息科学,23(4):85～88.
胡见义,黄第藩.1991.中国陆相石油地质理论.北京:石油工业出版社,235～332.
黄梅英,李舫志,李平鲁.1993.珠江口盆地东部前第三纪—早第三纪洼陷特征及油气前景.中国海上油气(地质),7(3):1～9.
金波,鲍才旺,林吉胜.1982.琼州海峡东西口地貌特征及其成因初探.海洋地质研究,2(4):94～101.
寇养琦.1993.南海北部卫滩区浅断层的特征.中国海上油气(地质),7(2):13～19.
李德生.1995.中国石油地质学的理论与实践.地学前缘,2(3):15～19.
李福林,夏东兴,王文海,吴桑云,王永吉.2004.登州浅滩的形成、动态演化及其可恢复性研究.海洋学报,26(6):65～73.
李平鲁.1993.珠江口盆地新生代构造运动.中国海上油气(地质),7(6):11～17.
刘振夏.1996.对扬子浅滩成因的再认识.海洋学报,18(2):85～92.
刘振夏,夏东兴.1983.潮流脊的初步研究.海洋与湖沼,14(3):286～296.
刘振夏,夏东兴.2004.中国近海潮流沉积沙体.北京:海洋出版社,222.
栾锡武,彭学超,邱燕.2009.南海北部陆坡高速堆积体的构造成因.现代地质,23(2):183～199.
栾锡武,彭学超,邱燕.2010.南海北部陆架海底沙波基本特征及属性.地质学报,84(2):285～298.
庞雄,陈长民,彭大钧,周蒂,陈红汉.2007.南海珠江深水扇系统及油气.北京:中国科学出版社,361.
彭学超,吴庐山,崔兆国,刘胜旋,王衍棠.2006.南海东沙群岛以北海底沙波稳定性分析.热带海洋学报,25(3):21～27.
苏乃容,曾麟,李平鲁.1995.珠江口盆地东部中生代凹陷地质特征.中国海上油气(地质),9(4):228～236.
汤毓祥,刘振夏,姚兰芳.1993.辽东浅滩海域潮流运动特征及其与潮流脊发育的关系.黄渤海海洋,11(4):9～18.
陶常飞,吴建政,亓发庆,张子鹏.2008.曹妃甸浅滩表层砂体插桩深度研究.海岸工程,27(4):54～59.
王尚毅,李大鸣.1994.南海珠江口盆地陆架斜坡及大陆坡海底沙波动态分析.海洋学报,16(6):122～132.
王文介.2000.南海北部的潮波传播与海底沙脊和沙波发育.热带海洋,19(1):1～7.
王颖,朱大奎.1998.南黄海辐射沙脊群沉积特点及其演变.中国科学(D辑),28(5):386～393.
薛春汀,丁东.2008.渤海莱州湾南岸潍河一弥河三角洲—沉积序列和沉积格架.地理科学,28(5):672～676.
杨子赓.1985.南黄海陆架更新世以来的沉积环境.海洋地质与第四纪地质,5(4):1～19.
姚伯初.1994.南海南部地区的新生代构造演化.南海地质研究,6:1～15.
叶银灿,庄振业,来向华,刘奎,陈小玲.2004.东海扬子浅滩砂质底形研究.中国海洋大学学报,34(6):1057～1062.
尹延鸿.2009.曹妃甸浅滩潮道保护意义及曹妃甸新老填海规划的对比分析.现代地质,23(2):200～209.
张明,郝品正,冯小香,孔宪卫,郝媛媛.2010.辽河口三角洲前缘岸滩演变分析.海洋湖沼通报,3:142～148.
赵松龄.1991.苏北浅滩成因的最新研究.海洋地质与第四纪地质,11(3):105～112.
郑铁民,张君元.1983.台湾浅滩及其附近大陆架的地形和沉积特征的初步研究.见:中国科学院海洋研究所海洋地质研究室主编,黄东海地质.北京:科学出版社,52～66.
朱伟林,张功成,杨少坤,李绪深,施和生,庞雄,骆宗强,黄保家,何敏,等.2007.南海北部大陆边缘盆地天然气地质.北京:石油工业出版社,391.
Amos C L,King E L.1984.Bedforms of the Canadian easternseaboard:a comparison with global occurrences.MarineGeology,57(1～4):167～208.
Belderson R H,Pingree R D,Griffiths D K.1986.Low sea-leveltidal origin of Celtic Sea sand banks—evidence from numericalmodelling of M2tidal streams.Marine Geology,73(1～2):99～108.
Demaison G,Huizinga B J.1994.Genetic classification of petroleumsystems using three factors:charge,migration,and entrapment.In:Magoon L B,Dow W G,ed.The petroleumsystem—from source to trap.AAPG Memoir,60:73～89.
Dyer K R,Huntley D A.1999.The origin,classification andmodelling of sand banks and ridges.Continental ShelfResearch,19(10):1285～1330.
Liang W D,Tang T Y,Yang Y J,Ko M T,Chuang W S.2003.Upper-ocean currents around Taiwan.Deep-Sea Res.Ⅱ,50:1085～1105.
Pattiaratchi C,Collins M.1987.Mechanisms for linear sandbankformation and maintenance in relation to dynamical oceanographic observations.Progress in Oceanography,19():
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