滨里海盆地东南部S区块下二叠统空谷阶盐岩特征及其对盐上层系油气成藏的影响
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摘要
S区块位于滨里海盆地的东南部,油气富集,但是近年来勘探工作突破不大。从地震和地质资料及其油气藏解剖入手,系统研究了本区块盐岩特征及其对盐上层系油气成藏的影响。通过研究认为,本区盐岩的特点为:就整个盆地而言,盐岩的形成模式属于深盆浅水成盐模式;S区块盐构造的形成模式主要属差异负荷模式,其次为断层阻挡的顺层流动模式;盐构造活动具有多期次性;S区块盐岩层厚度总体表现为东南薄、西北厚,即从盆地边缘向盆地中心逐渐加厚;S区块盐窗较为发育,总体上表现为东部盐窗面积大,西部盐窗面积小。盐岩对S区块盐上层系(包括盐上地层和盐间地层)油气成藏的影响很大,盐岩控制了S区块盐上层系圈闭的类型及分布,盐窗的规模对周围的油藏或含油气构造的聚集程度产生影响。对比盐上层系各种成藏要素的时空匹配关系,可以推断本区盐上层系的油气藏共有3次成藏期,分别为三叠纪末期至早侏罗世末期、晚侏罗世末期和晚白垩世至古近纪。
Block Sagizski(Block S) is located in the Southeast of Pre-Caspian basin,which is abundant in hydrocarbon enrichment.But the prospection has no big breakthrough in recent years,because the study of the mechanism of hydrocarbon accumulation locality is weak,especially when there is no unified understanding about salt layer effect on hydrocarbon accumulation.The authors aim at the salt layer characteristics and its effect on hydrocarbon accumulation by means of geological analysis,seismic interpretation and typical oil/gas pool dissection.Based on studies,the characteristics of the salt thereby is described as follows: As a whole,the mode of salt's formation belongs to the deep-basin and shallow-water salifying pattern;The forming mode of the salt-dome in Block S is mostly differential loading,partly consequent flow determined by faults;Salt structure movement took place many times over the Mesozoic and Cenozoic;The salt bed trends southeastwards thin and northwestwards thick in Block S,namely it tends to be thicker from the margin to the center of the basin;Salt windows well developed herein,the area of the salt window in south(close to the margin of the basin) is bigger than that in west(close to the center of the basin) generally.The effects of salt on the hydrocarbon accumulation within post-salt strata(including the strata over and between salt domes) in Block S can be concluded as follows: trap types and its distribution of the post-salt strata are well controlled by the salt.The scale of salty window influences the accumulation degree of oil pool nearby.Overall,there are three periods of hydrocarbon accumulation within the post-salt strata,and they are the period from Later Triassic to the end of Early Jurassic,the end of the Late Jurassic as well as the period from Late Cretaceous to Eocene respectively.
Block Sagizski(Block S) is located in the Southeast of Pre-Caspian basin,which is abundant in hydrocarbon enrichment.But the prospection has no big breakthrough in recent years,because the study of the mechanism of hydrocarbon accumulation locality is weak,especially when there is no unified understanding about salt layer effect on hydrocarbon accumulation.The authors aim at the salt layer characteristics and its effect on hydrocarbon accumulation by means of geological analysis,seismic interpretation and typical oil/gas pool dissection.Based on studies,the characteristics of the salt thereby is described as follows: As a whole,the mode of salt's formation belongs to the deep-basin and shallow-water salifying pattern;The forming mode of the salt-dome in Block S is mostly differential loading,partly consequent flow determined by faults;Salt structure movement took place many times over the Mesozoic and Cenozoic;The salt bed trends southeastwards thin and northwestwards thick in Block S,namely it tends to be thicker from the margin to the center of the basin;Salt windows well developed herein,the area of the salt window in south(close to the margin of the basin) is bigger than that in west(close to the center of the basin) generally.The effects of salt on the hydrocarbon accumulation within post-salt strata(including the strata over and between salt domes) in Block S can be concluded as follows: trap types and its distribution of the post-salt strata are well controlled by the salt.The scale of salty window influences the accumulation degree of oil pool nearby.Overall,there are three periods of hydrocarbon accumulation within the post-salt strata,and they are the period from Later Triassic to the end of Early Jurassic,the end of the Late Jurassic as well as the period from Late Cretaceous to Eocene respectively.
引文
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[10]崔永刚,樊涛,孙昶旭,等.盐构造发育对沉积地层的影响:以东营凹陷中央隆起带郝现构造为例[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(6):696-698.Cui Yong-gang,Fan Tao,Sun Chang-xu,et al.Effect of Salt Structure Development on SedimentaryStrata:An Example of Haoxian Structure of CentralUplift Belt in Dongying Sag[J].Xinjiang PetroleumGeology,2006,27(6):696-698.
[11]贾承造,赵文智,魏国齐,等.盐构造与油气勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(2):17-19.Jia Cheng-zao,Zhao Wen-zhi,Wei Guo-qi,et al.SaltStructures and Exploration of Oil and Gas[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(2):17-19.
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[13]Liaghat C,Villemin T.Ground Surface DeformationInduced by Salt Diapirism in Oil Field Zones:SomeExamples in Southeast Zagros(Iran)[C]//2002AAPG Annual Convention.Houston:AAPG OfficialProgram,2002.
[14]Wan Gui-mei,Tang Liang-jie,Jin Wen-zheng.Com-parison of Kuqa Foreland Basin with Persian GulfBasin in Salt Tectonics[J].Global Geology,2007,10(2):156-165.
[15]戈红星,Jackson M P A.盐构造与油气圈闭及其综合利用[J].南京大学学报:自然科学版,1996,32(4):640-649.Ge Hong-xing,Jackson M P A.Salt Structures,Hydrocarbon Traps and Mineral Deposits[J].Journalof Nanjing University:Natural Sciences,1996,32(4):640-649.
[2]Stover S C,Ge S,Weimer P,et al.The Effects ofSalt Evolution,Structural Development,and FaultPropagation on Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic Oil Migration:A Two-Dimensional Fluid-Flow Study Along aMegaregional Profile in the Northern Gulf of MexicoBasin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85(11):1945-1966.
[3]刘洛夫,朱毅秀.滨里海盆地及中亚地区油气地质特征[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2007.Liu Luo-fu,Zhu Yi-xiu.Petroleum Geologic Featuresin Pre-Caspian Basin and Central Asia[M].Beijing:China Petrochemical Press,2007.
[4]金之钧,王骏,张生根,等.滨里海盆地盐下油气成藏主控因素及勘探方向[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(2):111-115.Jin Zhi-jun,Wang Jun,Zhang Sheng-gen,et al.MainFactors Controlling Hydrocarbon Reservoirs andExploration Directions in the Pre-Salt Sequence in Pre-Caspian Basin[J].Petroleum Geology andExperiment,2007,29(2):111-115.
[5]史丹妮,杨双.滨里海盆地盐岩运动及相关圈闭类型[J].岩性油气藏,2007,13(3):73-79.Shi Dan-ni,Yang Shuang.Salt Movement and theTypes of Related Traps in Pre-Caspian Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2007,13(3):73-79.
[6]夏文杰,李秀华.蒸发岩成因理论研究中的几个问题:以云南勐野井钾盐石盐矿床为例[J].矿物岩石,1983,3(1):1-11.Xia Wen-jie,Li Xiu-hua.About the Theoretic OriginalStudy of Evaporites:From the Potash-Halite Depositin Mengyejing,Yunnan[J].Journal of Mineralogy andPetrology,1983,3(1):1-11.
[7]李亚文,韩蔚田.蒸发岩成因的物理化学研究[J].地学前缘,1994,1(3/4):211-215.Li Ya-wen,Han Wei-tian.A Review ofPhysicochemical Study on the Origin of Evaporite[J].Earth Science Frontiers,1994,1(3/4):211-215.
[8]刘洛夫,朱毅秀,熊正祥,等.滨里海盆地的岩相古地理特征及其演化[J].古地理学报,2003,5(3):279-290.Liu Luo-fu,Zhu Yi-xiu,Xiong Zheng-xiang,et al.Characteristics and Evolution of LithofaciesPalaeogeography in Pre-Caspian Basin[J].Journal ofPalaeogeography,2003,5(3):279-290.
[9]刘洛夫,朱毅秀,张占峰,等.滨里海盆地盐上层的油气地质特征[J].新疆石油地质,2002,23(5):442-447.Liu Luo-fu,Zhu Yi-xiu,Zhang Zhan-feng,et al.Hydrocarbon Geologic Characteristics of Up-Salt Zonein Caspian Seashore Basin[J].Xinjiang PetroleumGeology,2002,23(5):442-447.
[10]崔永刚,樊涛,孙昶旭,等.盐构造发育对沉积地层的影响:以东营凹陷中央隆起带郝现构造为例[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(6):696-698.Cui Yong-gang,Fan Tao,Sun Chang-xu,et al.Effect of Salt Structure Development on SedimentaryStrata:An Example of Haoxian Structure of CentralUplift Belt in Dongying Sag[J].Xinjiang PetroleumGeology,2006,27(6):696-698.
[11]贾承造,赵文智,魏国齐,等.盐构造与油气勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(2):17-19.Jia Cheng-zao,Zhao Wen-zhi,Wei Guo-qi,et al.SaltStructures and Exploration of Oil and Gas[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(2):17-19.
[12]Weimer P,沈政威.深墨西哥湾密西西比冲积扇褶皱带的构造地质及演变[J].海洋石油,1992(4):70-81.Weimer P,Shen Zheng-wei.The Tectonic Geologyand Evolution of Gulf Mississippi Deep Alluvial FoldBelt[J].Offshore Oil,1992(4):70-81.
[13]Liaghat C,Villemin T.Ground Surface DeformationInduced by Salt Diapirism in Oil Field Zones:SomeExamples in Southeast Zagros(Iran)[C]//2002AAPG Annual Convention.Houston:AAPG OfficialProgram,2002.
[14]Wan Gui-mei,Tang Liang-jie,Jin Wen-zheng.Com-parison of Kuqa Foreland Basin with Persian GulfBasin in Salt Tectonics[J].Global Geology,2007,10(2):156-165.
[15]戈红星,Jackson M P A.盐构造与油气圈闭及其综合利用[J].南京大学学报:自然科学版,1996,32(4):640-649.Ge Hong-xing,Jackson M P A.Salt Structures,Hydrocarbon Traps and Mineral Deposits[J].Journalof Nanjing University:Natural Sciences,1996,32(4):640-649.
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