一种非板块深俯冲快折返的柯石英形成新机制——评析“石英—柯石英相变研究中若干问题讨论”一文
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摘要
本文分析评论了嵇少丞等(2010)发表的"石英—柯石英相变研究中若干问题讨论"一文。指出他们对柯石英非俯冲折返新机制的一些误解,对某些热力学、物理学概念,及其在地学问题中的解释理解的不同。分析了机械球磨的作用机制;论证了机械球磨作用本质与构造挤压剪切作用本质的同一性。分析了岩石糜棱岩化过程的两个阶段;讨论了地震波形成柯石英机制的可能性。围绕比较标准问题,论证了高能机械球磨(预处理)能大大降低α-石英转变成柯石英的压力、温度和合成时间,促进柯石英的形成。用小尺度不均匀局域高压微区模型解释了人工合成柯石英的规律性、南极洲天然矿物的行为,柯石英的寄生矿物、岩石——锆石、榴辉岩包裹体、非包裹体的形成。列举事例澄清了"球磨引进的Fe杂质提高柯石英形成压力迟缓合成"的说法;讨论了第二相存在对石英—柯石英转变的影响和"应变禁区"边界区的应力梯度相变驱动力可以形成柯石英问题。指出了机械球磨石英原料预处理和静高压合成柯石英后处理两步法,是一种实验室研究柯石英形成规律的有效物理方法;小尺度不均匀局域高压微区模型和无需板块深俯冲快折返的柯石英形成机制,是一种有希望的柯石英形成新机制。
In this paper, the article of "Discussion on some problems of quartz—coesite phase transition" written by Profs Ji Shaocheng et al.(2010) has been commented,and some misreading of the new mechansm of non-plate deep subduction fast exhumation,as well as some differences in understanding of the thermodynamics, physics concepts and their interpretation in the Earth science studying have been discussed. Analyzed the mechanical milling mechanism of action, and demonstrated the identity in nature between the role of mechanical milling in laboratory and the extrusion-shearing role in the Earth's structure. Discussed the two-stage process of the rocks mylonitization ; Analyzed the mechanism of seismic waves to form coesite possibility. Surrounding the issues of standard for comparison, demonstrated that the pressure, temperature and reaction time of making α-quartz into coesite are greatly reduced and the formation of coesite is promoted due to the α-quartz pre-treatment of high-energy mechanical milling. The uneven local small-scale model of high-pressure micro-zone was used to explain the regularity of synthesized coesite in laboratory,the behavior of natural minerals in Antarctica, and the formation of the parasitic rocks and minerals of coesite, zircon, eclogite inclusions, and non-inclusion. Cited examples to clarify the misreading of " Fe impurities introduced by ball milling to increase the formation pressure of coesite and delay its synthesis"; discussed the effect of existence of second phase matter on quartz—coesite transition,and the problem that the stress gradient driving force at border zone (not center zone) of strain forbidden zone can promote the coesite to form. Showed the two-step systhesis method of the mechanical milling pre-treatment of raw materials quartz combining the static high-pressure coesite synthesized post-processing is an effective physical method of laboratory study the formation regularity of coesite in the Earth's structure; and the model of uneven local high-pressure micro-zone and the mechansm of non-plate deep subduction fast exhumation would be a promising new mechanism for the formation of coesite in the Earth's crust.
In this paper, the article of "Discussion on some problems of quartz—coesite phase transition" written by Profs Ji Shaocheng et al.(2010) has been commented,and some misreading of the new mechansm of non-plate deep subduction fast exhumation,as well as some differences in understanding of the thermodynamics, physics concepts and their interpretation in the Earth science studying have been discussed. Analyzed the mechanical milling mechanism of action, and demonstrated the identity in nature between the role of mechanical milling in laboratory and the extrusion-shearing role in the Earth's structure. Discussed the two-stage process of the rocks mylonitization ; Analyzed the mechanism of seismic waves to form coesite possibility. Surrounding the issues of standard for comparison, demonstrated that the pressure, temperature and reaction time of making α-quartz into coesite are greatly reduced and the formation of coesite is promoted due to the α-quartz pre-treatment of high-energy mechanical milling. The uneven local small-scale model of high-pressure micro-zone was used to explain the regularity of synthesized coesite in laboratory,the behavior of natural minerals in Antarctica, and the formation of the parasitic rocks and minerals of coesite, zircon, eclogite inclusions, and non-inclusion. Cited examples to clarify the misreading of " Fe impurities introduced by ball milling to increase the formation pressure of coesite and delay its synthesis"; discussed the effect of existence of second phase matter on quartz—coesite transition,and the problem that the stress gradient driving force at border zone (not center zone) of strain forbidden zone can promote the coesite to form. Showed the two-step systhesis method of the mechanical milling pre-treatment of raw materials quartz combining the static high-pressure coesite synthesized post-processing is an effective physical method of laboratory study the formation regularity of coesite in the Earth's structure; and the model of uneven local high-pressure micro-zone and the mechansm of non-plate deep subduction fast exhumation would be a promising new mechanism for the formation of coesite in the Earth's crust.
引文
池顺良.2010.苏文辉挑战“大陆深俯冲”:科学研究已进入大综合时代[N/OL].科学时报,2010-01-04(A2版).[2010-01-06]http://www.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2010/1/226791.shtm,2010-1-49:39:16.
池顺良.2011.从柯石英和“大陆深俯冲”到全球构造运动原动力的思考.地质论评,57(4):473～479.
嵇少丞,许志琴,金振民,王茜.2010.石英—柯石英相变研究中若干问题的讨论.中国科学(D),40(7):822～830.
刘忠奎,好诚.2009.地表柯石英形成新机制获实证[N/OL].科学时报,2009-12-23(第1版).[2009-12-23]http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/Portal0/infoModule_375/29051.htm,2009-12-2222:18:54.
吕古贤,王方正,刘瑞珣.2004.超高压变质的构造附加压力与形成深度.北京:科学出版社,131.
罗扬,施旭,贺红亮,赵永红.2007.石英高压相变研究进展.地学前缘,14(3):149～157.
任纪舜,章雨旭.2004.爱国——地质学家的责任,争鸣——学术进步的动力——庆祝《地质论评》刊行50卷.地质论评,50(6):592,597.
苏文辉,刘曙娥,许大鹏,王巍然,姚斌,郭星原,刘志国,钟正.2005.一种由α-石英到柯石英转变的新途径.自然科学进展,15(10):1217～1222.
苏文辉,刘晓梅,许大鹏,孙敬姝,张广强,刘志国,禹日成,姚立德,黄喜强,千正男,隋郁,吕喆，王巍然，薜燕峰，邢淑芝．2009.柯石英最小静态形成压力与地表柯石英形成新机制及其地学意义.自然科学进展,159(7):730～745.
苏文辉.2011.远离热力学平衡相边界的柯石英形成机制及板块折返假说的物理基础.地质论评,57(4):457～472.
孙敬姝,刘晓梅,许大鹏,苏文辉,张国强,王德勇,王德.2006.高压变质二氧化硅矿物的合成及表征.高等学校化学学报,27(11):2022～2025.
孙岩,朱文斌,郭继春,刘德良,Kosaka K.2001.论糜棱岩研究.高校地质学报,7(4):369～378.
武红岭.2011.高压—超高压变质岩的成岩深度:争论及评述.地质论评,57(4):555～564.
周永胜,何昌荣,宋娟,马胜利,马瑾.2005.在差应力条件下石英—柯石英转化的实验研究.科学通报,50(6)∶565～570.
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Bose K,Ganguly J.1995.Quartz—coesite transition revisted:Reversedexperimental determination at500—1200℃and retrievedthermochemical properties.Am.Mineral.,80:231～238.
Boyer H,Smith D C,Chopin C,Lasnier B.1985.Raman microprobe(RMP)determinations of natural and synthetic coesite.Physics andChemistry of Minerals,12:45～48.
Brunet F,Chopin C,Seifert F.1998.Phase relations in the MgO—P2O5—H2O system and the stability of phosphoellenbergerite:petrological implications.Contrib.Mineral.Petrol.,131:54～70.
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Enami M,Liou J G,Mattinson C G.2004.Epidote minerals in high P/T metamorphic terranes:Subduction zone and high-to ultrahigh-Pressure metamorphism.Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,56:347～398.
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嵇少丞,许志琴,金振民,王茜.2010.石英—柯石英相变研究中若干问题的讨论.中国科学(D),40(7):822～830.
刘忠奎,好诚.2009.地表柯石英形成新机制获实证[N/OL].科学时报,2009-12-23(第1版).[2009-12-23]http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/Portal0/infoModule_375/29051.htm,2009-12-2222:18:54.
吕古贤,王方正,刘瑞珣.2004.超高压变质的构造附加压力与形成深度.北京:科学出版社,131.
罗扬,施旭,贺红亮,赵永红.2007.石英高压相变研究进展.地学前缘,14(3):149～157.
任纪舜,章雨旭.2004.爱国——地质学家的责任,争鸣——学术进步的动力——庆祝《地质论评》刊行50卷.地质论评,50(6):592,597.
苏文辉,刘曙娥,许大鹏,王巍然,姚斌,郭星原,刘志国,钟正.2005.一种由α-石英到柯石英转变的新途径.自然科学进展,15(10):1217～1222.
苏文辉,刘晓梅,许大鹏,孙敬姝,张广强,刘志国,禹日成,姚立德,黄喜强,千正男,隋郁,吕喆，王巍然，薜燕峰，邢淑芝．2009.柯石英最小静态形成压力与地表柯石英形成新机制及其地学意义.自然科学进展,159(7):730～745.
苏文辉.2011.远离热力学平衡相边界的柯石英形成机制及板块折返假说的物理基础.地质论评,57(4):457～472.
孙敬姝,刘晓梅,许大鹏,苏文辉,张国强,王德勇,王德.2006.高压变质二氧化硅矿物的合成及表征.高等学校化学学报,27(11):2022～2025.
孙岩,朱文斌,郭继春,刘德良,Kosaka K.2001.论糜棱岩研究.高校地质学报,7(4):369～378.
武红岭.2011.高压—超高压变质岩的成岩深度:争论及评述.地质论评,57(4):555～564.
周永胜,何昌荣,宋娟,马胜利,马瑾.2005.在差应力条件下石英—柯石英转化的实验研究.科学通报,50(6)∶565～570.
Akella J.1979.Quartz—coesite transition and the comparative frictionmeasurements in the piston-cylinder apparatus using talc—alsimag-glass(TAG)and NaCl high-pressure cells.Neues Jahrb.MineralMonatsh.5:217～224.
Austrheim H,Boundy T M.1994.Pseudotachylytes generated duringseismic faulting and eclogitization of the deep crust.Science,265:82～83.
Austrheim H,Erambert M,Boundy T M.1996.Garnets recording deepcrustal earthquakes.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,139:223～238.
Bohlen S R,Boettcher A L.1982.The quartz—coesite transformation:A precise determination and the effects of other components.J.Geophys.Res.,87(B8):7073～7078.
Bose K,Ganguly J.1995.Quartz—coesite transition revisted:Reversedexperimental determination at500—1200℃and retrievedthermochemical properties.Am.Mineral.,80:231～238.
Boyer H,Smith D C,Chopin C,Lasnier B.1985.Raman microprobe(RMP)determinations of natural and synthetic coesite.Physics andChemistry of Minerals,12:45～48.
Brunet F,Chopin C,Seifert F.1998.Phase relations in the MgO—P2O5—H2O system and the stability of phosphoellenbergerite:petrological implications.Contrib.Mineral.Petrol.,131:54～70.
Chopin C.1984.Coesite and pure pyrope in high-grad bluechists of theWestern Alps——A first record and some consequences.Contrib.Mineral.Petrol.,86:107～118.
Coes L.1953.A new dense crystalline silica.Science,18:131～132.
El Eskandarany M S,Akoi K,Sumiyama K,Suzuki K.1997.Cycliccrystalline—amorphous transformations of mechanically alloyed Co75Ti25.Appl.Phys.Letters,70(13):1679～1681.
Enami M,Liou J G,Mattinson C G.2004.Epidote minerals in high P/T metamorphic terranes:Subduction zone and high-to ultrahigh-Pressure metamorphism.Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,56:347～398.
Gasparik T.2003.Phase Diagrams for Geoscientists.An Atlas of theEarth’s Interior.Berlin:Springer-Verlag,2003.462.
Ghiribelli B,Frezzotti M L,Palmeri R.2002.Coesite in eclogites of theLanterman Range(Antarctica):evidence from textural and Ramanstudies.Europ.J.Mineral.,14:355～360.
Gillet P,Ingrin J,Chopin C.1984.Coesite in subducted continentalcrust:P—T history deduced from an elastic model.Earth andPlanetary Science Letters,70:426～436.
Green II H W.1972.Metastable growth of coesite in highly strainedquartz.J.Geophys.Res.,77:2478～2482.
Guo F Q,Lu K.1998.Microstructural evolution in melt-quenchedamorphous Se during mechanical attrition,Phys.Rev.B,57(17):10414～10420.
Hemingway B S,Bohlen S R,Hankins W B,Westrum E F,Kuskov OL.1998.Heat capacity and thermodynamic properties for coesiteand jadeite,reexamination of the quartz—coesite equilibriumboundary.Am.Mineral.,83:409～418.
Hirth G,Tullis J.1994.The brittle—plastic transition in experimentallydeformed quartz aggregates.J.Geophys.Res.,99:11731～11747.
Hobbs B E.1968.Recrystallization of single crystals of quartz.Tectonophysics,6:353～401.
Kingma K J,Meade C,Hemley R J,Mao H K,Veblen D R.1993.Microstructural obserations ofα-quartz amorphization.Science,259:666～669.
Kitahara S,Kennedy G C.1964.The quartz—coesite transition.J.Geophys.Res.,69:5395～5400.
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