断层裂缝定量描述技术在塔中X井区良里塔格组裂缝研究中的应用
摘要
断层裂缝定量描述技术(简称VSD技术)是针对构造平缓区致密储层内部与断层相关裂缝定量预测的新方法。将该方法应用于塔中X井区良里塔格组(O3l)的断层裂缝研究中,以过井地震剖面断层构造的VSD计算为例,指出该技术主要包括运用断面脱空原理进行裂缝系统的定性识别和对存在脱空空间的断层构造开展VSD定量计算两部分,后者由构造建模、地层建模、裂缝孔隙度约束及VSD计算4个步骤组成。在过井VSD计算结果得到岩心、钻井、测井资料验证基础之上,对全区断层构造逐一开展VSD计算,得到良里塔格组最大裂缝孔隙度平面分布图,揭示研究区主要发育7个规模较大的裂缝系统,其发育分布与断裂系统紧密相关,但并无一一对应关系。有效裂缝是否发育主要受控于断层作用过程中是否产生断面脱空空间:如果产生,则裂缝系统发育;反之则不发育。
Void Space Description(VSD) is a new method for quantitative recognition and prediction of faulted-related fractures targeting tight reservoir in gentle area.In this paper,this new method is applied to the study on fault-related fracture systems occurred in the Lianglitage Formation in Tazhong X well area,Tarim basin.During this course,taking Tazhong A well as an example,it is pointed out the calculation of VSD mainly include qualitative recognition of fault-related fracture by using fault plane detachment void space theory and quantitative calculation using VSD software,and the latter is composed of structure modeling,stratigraphic modeling,calibration of fracture porosity and VSD calculation.Calculation results of VSD on seismic profiles crossing three wells in the study area are proved available with cores,logging and well drilling data.Quantitative calculation for each single fault,interpreted in the study area,is conducted by using VSD technique,and the plane distribution map of maximum fracture porosity within Lianglitage Formation is obtained.There are seven effective fracture systems with relatively large scale,and the overall development and distribution pattern of fault-related fracture here are closely related to the fault system but not one-to-one correspondence.Finally,it is concluded that whether effective fracture systems are well-developed or not is mainly decided by fault plane detachment void space generated during disharmonic faulting process,that is,effective fracture systems are well-developed if there are detachment void space neighboring the fault plane in the course of faulting,conversely,it is poorly developed.
Void Space Description(VSD) is a new method for quantitative recognition and prediction of faulted-related fractures targeting tight reservoir in gentle area.In this paper,this new method is applied to the study on fault-related fracture systems occurred in the Lianglitage Formation in Tazhong X well area,Tarim basin.During this course,taking Tazhong A well as an example,it is pointed out the calculation of VSD mainly include qualitative recognition of fault-related fracture by using fault plane detachment void space theory and quantitative calculation using VSD software,and the latter is composed of structure modeling,stratigraphic modeling,calibration of fracture porosity and VSD calculation.Calculation results of VSD on seismic profiles crossing three wells in the study area are proved available with cores,logging and well drilling data.Quantitative calculation for each single fault,interpreted in the study area,is conducted by using VSD technique,and the plane distribution map of maximum fracture porosity within Lianglitage Formation is obtained.There are seven effective fracture systems with relatively large scale,and the overall development and distribution pattern of fault-related fracture here are closely related to the fault system but not one-to-one correspondence.Finally,it is concluded that whether effective fracture systems are well-developed or not is mainly decided by fault plane detachment void space generated during disharmonic faulting process,that is,effective fracture systems are well-developed if there are detachment void space neighboring the fault plane in the course of faulting,conversely,it is poorly developed.
引文
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[3]徐国强,刘树根,Yang Qing-ming,等.断层相关裂隙的一种定量计算方法[J].地质学报,2006,80(2):192-195.Xu Guo-qiang,Liu Shu-gen,Yang Qing-ming,et al.A new Method for Quantitative Calculation of FaultFractured Pore Space[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(2):192-195.
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[7]Lin A,Maryyama T,Kobayshi K.Tectonic Im-plications of Damage Zone-Related Fault-FractureNetworks Revealed in Drill Core Through the Noji-ma Fault,Japan[J].Tectonophysics,2007,443:161-173.
[8]张国君,冯晅,王典,等.裂缝性油气藏发展现状[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2008,38(增刊):43-47.Zhang Guo-jun,Feng Xuan,Wang Dian,et al.PresentStatus of Fractured Oil and Gas Reservoirs[J].Jour-nal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2008,38(Sup.):43-47.
[9]曾锦光,苏雅琴.断层裂缝系统分布的预测方法研究[C]//中国南方碳酸盐岩油气勘查研究论文集.南京:江苏科技出版社,1994.Zeng Jin-guang,Su Ya-qin.Prediction Methods Studyon the Distribution of Fault-Related Fracture System[C]//Memoir of Oil and Gas Surveying on Carbonatein Southern China.Nanjing:Jiangsu Science andTechnique Press,1994.
[10]杨茂康.川南阳新统中小型断层与张开缝发育程度的关系[J].天然气工业,1988,8(1):34-39.Yang Mao-kang.Relationship Between the MediumSmall Fault and the Degree of Development ofOpened Fractures in Yangxin Limestone in South Si-chuan[J].Natural Gas Industry,1988,8(1):34-39.
[11]戴弹申,王兰生.四川盆地碳酸盐岩缝洞系统形成条件[J].海相油气地质,2000,2(1):89-97.Dai Tan-shen,Wang Lan-sheng.Formation Condi-tion of Carbonatite Fracture-Cavity Systems in Si-chuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2000,2(1):89-97.
[12]周新桂,孙宝珊,李跃辉.辽河张强凹陷科尔康油田储层裂隙预测研究[J].地质力学学报,1998,4(3):70-75.Zhou Xin-gui,Sun Bao-shan,Li Yue-hui.FracturesPrediction of Main Reservoir Bed in Keerkang Oilfieldof Zhangqiang Depression in Western Liaoning Pro-vince[J].Journal of Geomechanics,1998,4(3):70-75.
[13]宋惠珍.脆性岩储层裂缝定量预测的尝试[J].地质力学学报,1999,5(1):76-84.Song Hui-zhen.An Attempt of Quantitative Predic-tion of Natural Crack on Brittle Rock Reservoir[J].Journal of Geomechanics,1999,5(1):76-84.
[14]王东旭.伊朗卡山地区库姆组储层特征及控制因素分析[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(6):875-879.Wang Dong-xu.Reservoir Features of Qom Forma-tion and Controlling Factors to Reservoirs Develop-ment in Kashan Area,Iran[J].Natural Gas Geosci-ence,2007,18(6):875-879.
[15]徐希坤,刘树根,时华星,等.中伊朗盆地Kashan地区油气地质条件研究[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(3):62-68.Xu Xi-kun,Liu Shu-gen,Shi Hua-xing,et al.TheHydrocarbon Geology Conditions of Kashan Area inCentral Iranian Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petro-leum University:Science and Technology Edition,2009,31(3):62-68.
[16]邓虎成.断层共生裂缝系统的发育规律及分布评价[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.Deng Hu-cheng.The Development and Assessmentof Fault-Association Fracture System[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Techonology,2009.
[17]杜永灯,张翠梅.VSD技术在构造裂缝预测分析中的应用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):168-174.Du Yong-deng,Zhang Cui-mei.The Application ofVSD Technique for Reservoirs Fractures Prediction[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2009,33(1):168-174.
[18]王嗣敏,吕修祥.塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及其油气意义[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2004,19(4):72-76.Wang Si-min,LüXiu-xiang.Features and PetroleumSignificance of Ordovician Carbonate Reservoir inTazhong Area,Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Xi’anShiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2004,19(4):72-76.
[19]韩剑发,梅廉夫,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩礁滩复合体油气来源与运聚成藏研究[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(3):426-435.Han Jian-fa,Mei Lian-fu,Yang Hai-jun,et al.TheStudy of Hydrocarbon Origin,Transport and Accu-mulation in Tazhong Area,Tarim basin[J].NaturalGas Geoscience,2007,18(3):426-435.
[20]邬光辉,岳国林,师骏,等.塔中奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝连通性分析及其意义[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(2):156-159.Wu Guang-hui,Yue Guo-lin,Shi Jun,et al.Analy-sis of Connectivity of Fractures of Ordovician Carbon-ates and Its Implication in Central Tarim Basin[J].West China Petroleum Geosciences,2006,2(2):156-159.
[21]邬光辉,李启明,张宝收,等.塔中Ⅰ号断裂坡折带构造特征及勘探领域[J].石油学报,2005,26(1):27-36.Wu Guang-hui,Li Qi-ming,Zhang Bao-shou,et al.Structural Characteristics and Exploration Fields ofNo.1Faulted Slope Break in Tazhong Area[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,2005,26(1):27-36.
[22]徐国强,刘树根,李国蓉,等.塔中、塔北古隆起形成演化及油气地质条件对比[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):114-119.Xu Guo-qiang,Liu Shu-gen,Li Guo-rong,et al.Comparison of Tectonic Evolutions and PetroleumGeological Conditions in Tazhong and Tabei Palaeo-highs in Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(1):114-119.
[23]Murray,G H.Quantitative Fracture Study-SanishPool,McKenzie County,North Dakota[J].AAPGBulletin,1968,52:57-65.
[24]夏铭.塔中54井区奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝系统预测与识别[D].成都:成都理工大学,2008.Xia Ming.Prediction and Identification on FractureSystem of the Ordovician Carbonates in the Well 54Area of the Tazhong Uplift,Tarim Basin[D].Chengdu;Chengdu University of Technology,2008.
①徐国强.塔中54-塔中16井区奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝预测与识别研究报告.成都:成都理工大学,2009.
[2]周新桂,操成杰,袁嘉音.储层构造裂缝定量预测与油气渗流规律研究现状和进展[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(3):398-402.Zhou Xin-gui,Cao Cheng-jie,Yuan Jia-yin.The Re-search Actuality and Major Progresses on the Quanti-tative Forecast of Reservoir Fractures and Hydrocar-bon Migration Law[J].Advance in Earthsciences,2003,18(3):398-402.
[3]徐国强,刘树根,Yang Qing-ming,等.断层相关裂隙的一种定量计算方法[J].地质学报,2006,80(2):192-195.Xu Guo-qiang,Liu Shu-gen,Yang Qing-ming,et al.A new Method for Quantitative Calculation of FaultFractured Pore Space[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(2):192-195.
[4]Nelson R A.Geologic Analysis of Naturally FracturedReservoirs[M].Houston:Gulf Publishing Company,1985:12-17.
[5]d’Alessio M A,Martel S J.Fault Terminations andBarriers to Fault Growth[J].Journal of Struction Ge-ology,2004,26:1885-1896.
[6]Pollard D D,Aydin A.Progress in UnderstandingJointing over the Past Century[J].Geological Societyof America Bulletin,1988,100:1181-1204.
[7]Lin A,Maryyama T,Kobayshi K.Tectonic Im-plications of Damage Zone-Related Fault-FractureNetworks Revealed in Drill Core Through the Noji-ma Fault,Japan[J].Tectonophysics,2007,443:161-173.
[8]张国君,冯晅,王典,等.裂缝性油气藏发展现状[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2008,38(增刊):43-47.Zhang Guo-jun,Feng Xuan,Wang Dian,et al.PresentStatus of Fractured Oil and Gas Reservoirs[J].Jour-nal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2008,38(Sup.):43-47.
[9]曾锦光,苏雅琴.断层裂缝系统分布的预测方法研究[C]//中国南方碳酸盐岩油气勘查研究论文集.南京:江苏科技出版社,1994.Zeng Jin-guang,Su Ya-qin.Prediction Methods Studyon the Distribution of Fault-Related Fracture System[C]//Memoir of Oil and Gas Surveying on Carbonatein Southern China.Nanjing:Jiangsu Science andTechnique Press,1994.
[10]杨茂康.川南阳新统中小型断层与张开缝发育程度的关系[J].天然气工业,1988,8(1):34-39.Yang Mao-kang.Relationship Between the MediumSmall Fault and the Degree of Development ofOpened Fractures in Yangxin Limestone in South Si-chuan[J].Natural Gas Industry,1988,8(1):34-39.
[11]戴弹申,王兰生.四川盆地碳酸盐岩缝洞系统形成条件[J].海相油气地质,2000,2(1):89-97.Dai Tan-shen,Wang Lan-sheng.Formation Condi-tion of Carbonatite Fracture-Cavity Systems in Si-chuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2000,2(1):89-97.
[12]周新桂,孙宝珊,李跃辉.辽河张强凹陷科尔康油田储层裂隙预测研究[J].地质力学学报,1998,4(3):70-75.Zhou Xin-gui,Sun Bao-shan,Li Yue-hui.FracturesPrediction of Main Reservoir Bed in Keerkang Oilfieldof Zhangqiang Depression in Western Liaoning Pro-vince[J].Journal of Geomechanics,1998,4(3):70-75.
[13]宋惠珍.脆性岩储层裂缝定量预测的尝试[J].地质力学学报,1999,5(1):76-84.Song Hui-zhen.An Attempt of Quantitative Predic-tion of Natural Crack on Brittle Rock Reservoir[J].Journal of Geomechanics,1999,5(1):76-84.
[14]王东旭.伊朗卡山地区库姆组储层特征及控制因素分析[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(6):875-879.Wang Dong-xu.Reservoir Features of Qom Forma-tion and Controlling Factors to Reservoirs Develop-ment in Kashan Area,Iran[J].Natural Gas Geosci-ence,2007,18(6):875-879.
[15]徐希坤,刘树根,时华星,等.中伊朗盆地Kashan地区油气地质条件研究[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(3):62-68.Xu Xi-kun,Liu Shu-gen,Shi Hua-xing,et al.TheHydrocarbon Geology Conditions of Kashan Area inCentral Iranian Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petro-leum University:Science and Technology Edition,2009,31(3):62-68.
[16]邓虎成.断层共生裂缝系统的发育规律及分布评价[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.Deng Hu-cheng.The Development and Assessmentof Fault-Association Fracture System[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Techonology,2009.
[17]杜永灯,张翠梅.VSD技术在构造裂缝预测分析中的应用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):168-174.Du Yong-deng,Zhang Cui-mei.The Application ofVSD Technique for Reservoirs Fractures Prediction[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2009,33(1):168-174.
[18]王嗣敏,吕修祥.塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及其油气意义[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2004,19(4):72-76.Wang Si-min,LüXiu-xiang.Features and PetroleumSignificance of Ordovician Carbonate Reservoir inTazhong Area,Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Xi’anShiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2004,19(4):72-76.
[19]韩剑发,梅廉夫,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩礁滩复合体油气来源与运聚成藏研究[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(3):426-435.Han Jian-fa,Mei Lian-fu,Yang Hai-jun,et al.TheStudy of Hydrocarbon Origin,Transport and Accu-mulation in Tazhong Area,Tarim basin[J].NaturalGas Geoscience,2007,18(3):426-435.
[20]邬光辉,岳国林,师骏,等.塔中奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝连通性分析及其意义[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(2):156-159.Wu Guang-hui,Yue Guo-lin,Shi Jun,et al.Analy-sis of Connectivity of Fractures of Ordovician Carbon-ates and Its Implication in Central Tarim Basin[J].West China Petroleum Geosciences,2006,2(2):156-159.
[21]邬光辉,李启明,张宝收,等.塔中Ⅰ号断裂坡折带构造特征及勘探领域[J].石油学报,2005,26(1):27-36.Wu Guang-hui,Li Qi-ming,Zhang Bao-shou,et al.Structural Characteristics and Exploration Fields ofNo.1Faulted Slope Break in Tazhong Area[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,2005,26(1):27-36.
[22]徐国强,刘树根,李国蓉,等.塔中、塔北古隆起形成演化及油气地质条件对比[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):114-119.Xu Guo-qiang,Liu Shu-gen,Li Guo-rong,et al.Comparison of Tectonic Evolutions and PetroleumGeological Conditions in Tazhong and Tabei Palaeo-highs in Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(1):114-119.
[23]Murray,G H.Quantitative Fracture Study-SanishPool,McKenzie County,North Dakota[J].AAPGBulletin,1968,52:57-65.
[24]夏铭.塔中54井区奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝系统预测与识别[D].成都:成都理工大学,2008.Xia Ming.Prediction and Identification on FractureSystem of the Ordovician Carbonates in the Well 54Area of the Tazhong Uplift,Tarim Basin[D].Chengdu;Chengdu University of Technology,2008.
①徐国强.塔中54-塔中16井区奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝预测与识别研究报告.成都:成都理工大学,2009.
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