基于目标区的局部角度域方向照明分析及其在偏移成像中的应用
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摘要
叠前深度偏移已成为近年来地震偏移成像领域广泛应用的技术之一,其中复杂盐丘下方目标区域结构的成像始终是偏移成像中较难解决的问题.局部角度域波场分解可以提供在空间和方向上的双重局部化信息,因而这一技术被广泛地应用在方向照明分析、成像振幅校正等方面.本文在采用局部指数标架小波束进行角度域方向照明分析的基础上,研究采集系统对复杂盐丘下部层状结构成像质量的影响;同时通过分析目标区对应于相对地表采集系统分布的照明能量,确定叠前炮集数据中对盐下目标区成像起重要贡献的部分,并将这些数据用来对目标区成像,从而达到提高盐下结构成像质量的目的.本文将二维SEG-EAGE盐丘模型中盐下反射体作为目标区,分别计算其照明分析和由照明能量分布确定的炮集数据对目标区的偏移成像结果,同时通过与成像振幅校正前后的成像结果对比,说明了该方法对提高目标区结构成像质量的有效性.
Prestack depth migration has been widely used for seismic imaging recently.However,the imaging of sub-salt structure is still a hard issue even in true velocity model.Here,we use local angle domain target oriented illumination analysis to study how the acquisition geometry affects the image quality,especially for some reflectors with certain dip angle in the sub-salt area.Numerical tests based on 2D SEG/EAGE salt model help us to better understand the capability of prestack migration under the given acquisition system.This analysis can also provide us an easy and efficient way to do target-oriented migration for the given reflector.
Prestack depth migration has been widely used for seismic imaging recently.However,the imaging of sub-salt structure is still a hard issue even in true velocity model.Here,we use local angle domain target oriented illumination analysis to study how the acquisition geometry affects the image quality,especially for some reflectors with certain dip angle in the sub-salt area.Numerical tests based on 2D SEG/EAGE salt model help us to better understand the capability of prestack migration under the given acquisition system.This analysis can also provide us an easy and efficient way to do target-oriented migration for the given reflector.
引文
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[12]陈凌,吴如山,陈颙.基于Gabor-Daubechies小波束域波场外推的散射系数矩阵的计算及其应用.地球物理学报,2004,47(2):289-298.Chen L,Wu R S,Chen Y.Construction and application oflocal scattering matrix based on wavefield extrapolation in theGabor-Daubechies beamlet domain.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2004,47(2):289-298.
[13]Wu R S,Wang Y Z,Luo M Q.Beamlet migration using localcosine basis.Geophysics,2008,73(5):207-217.
[14]Wu R S,Chen L.Directional illumination analysis usingbeamlet decomposition and propagation.Geophysics,2006,71(4):S147-S159.
[15]毛剑,吴如山,高静怀.利用局部谐和基小波束的高精度叠前深度域偏移成像方法研究.地球物理学报,2010,53(10):2442-2451.Mao J,Wu R S,Gao J H.High-accuracy prestack depthmigration and imaging using local harmonic basis beamlet.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(10):2442-2451.
[16]Xie X B,Jin S W,Wu R S.Wave-equation-based seismicillumination analysis.Geophysics,2006,71(5):S169-S177.
[17]Daubechies I,Jaffard S,JournéJ L.A simple Wilsonorthonormal basis with exponential decay.SIAM J.Math.Anal.,1991,22(2):554-573.
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[19]Mao J,Wu R S,Gao J H.Directional illumination analysisusing the local exponential frame.Geophysics,2010,75(4):163-174.
[20]毛剑,吴如山,高静怀等.局部指数标架小波束在复杂介质方向照明分析中的应用.地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2955-2963.Mao J,Wu R S,Gao J H,et al.Directional illuminationanalysis for complex medium using local exponential framebeamlet.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(12):2955-2963.
[21]Cao J,Wu R S.Local-angle domain illumination for full-wavepropagators.78th Annual International Meeting,SEG,ExpandedAbstracts,2008:2246-2251.
[22]Yang H,Xie X B,Luo M Q,et al.Target oriented full-waveequation based illumination analysis.78th Annual InternationalMeeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2008:2216-2200.
[23]Xu S Y,Jin S W.Can we image beneath salt body?—Target-oriented visibility analysis.75th Annual InternationalMeeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2005:1997-2001.
[24]Rietveld W E A,Berkhout A J,Wapernnaar C P A.Optimum seismic illumination of hydrocarbon reservoirs.Geophysics,1992,57(10):1334-1345.
[25]Rietveld W E A,Berkhout A J.Prestack depth migration bymeans of controlled illumination.Geophysics,1994,59(5):801-809.
[26]Wu R S,Chen L,Wang Y Z.Prestack migration/imagingusing synthetic beam sources and plane sources.StudiaGeophysica et Geodaetica,2002,46(4):651-665.
[2]Mao J,Wu R S.Target oriented 3D acquisition aperturecorrection in local wavenumber domain.80th AnnualMeeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2010,29:3237-3241.
[3]Cao J,Wu R S.Fast acquisition aperture correction inprestack depth migration using beamlet decomposition.Geophysics,2009,74(4):S67-S74.
[4]Wu R S,Luo M Q,Chen S C,et al.Acquisition aperturecorrection in angle-domain and true-amplitude imaging forwave equation migration.74th Annual Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2004:937-940.
[5]Bear G,Liu C,Lu R,et al.The construction of subsurfaceillumination and amplitude maps via ray tracing.The LeadingEdge,2000,19(7):726-728.
[6]Muerdter D,Ratcliff D.Understanding subsalt illuminationthrough ray-trace modeling,Part 1:Simple 2Dsalt models.The Leading Edge,2001,20(6):578-594.
[7]Muerdter D,Kelly M,Ratcliff D.Understanding subsaltillumination through ray-trace modeling,Part 2:Dipping saltbodies,salt peaks,and nonreciprocity of subsalt amplituderesponse.The Leading Edge,2001,20(7):688-687.
[8]Muerdter D,Ratcliff D.Understanding subsalt illuminationthrough ray-trace modeling,Part 3:Salt ridges and furrows,and the impact of acquisition orientation.The Leading Edge,2001,20(8):803-816.
[9]Wu R S,Wang Y Z,Gao J H.Beamlet migration based onlocal perturbation theory.70th Annual Meeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2000:1008-1011.
[10]Chen L,Wu R S,Chen Y.Target-oriented beamletmigration based on Gabor-Daubechies frame decomposition.Geophysics,2006,71(2):S37-S52.
[11]陈凌,吴如山,王伟君.基于Gabor-Daubechies小波束叠前深度偏移的角度域共成像道集.地球物理学报,2004,47(5):876-885.Chen L,Wu R S,Wang W J.Common angle image gathersobtained from Gabor-Daubechies beamlet prestack depthmigration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5):876-885.
[12]陈凌,吴如山,陈颙.基于Gabor-Daubechies小波束域波场外推的散射系数矩阵的计算及其应用.地球物理学报,2004,47(2):289-298.Chen L,Wu R S,Chen Y.Construction and application oflocal scattering matrix based on wavefield extrapolation in theGabor-Daubechies beamlet domain.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2004,47(2):289-298.
[13]Wu R S,Wang Y Z,Luo M Q.Beamlet migration using localcosine basis.Geophysics,2008,73(5):207-217.
[14]Wu R S,Chen L.Directional illumination analysis usingbeamlet decomposition and propagation.Geophysics,2006,71(4):S147-S159.
[15]毛剑,吴如山,高静怀.利用局部谐和基小波束的高精度叠前深度域偏移成像方法研究.地球物理学报,2010,53(10):2442-2451.Mao J,Wu R S,Gao J H.High-accuracy prestack depthmigration and imaging using local harmonic basis beamlet.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(10):2442-2451.
[16]Xie X B,Jin S W,Wu R S.Wave-equation-based seismicillumination analysis.Geophysics,2006,71(5):S169-S177.
[17]Daubechies I,Jaffard S,JournéJ L.A simple Wilsonorthonormal basis with exponential decay.SIAM J.Math.Anal.,1991,22(2):554-573.
[18]Auscher P.Remarks on the local Fourier bases//BenedettoJ J,Frazier M W eds.Wavelets,Mathematics andApplications.Boca Raton:CRC Press,1994:203-218.
[19]Mao J,Wu R S,Gao J H.Directional illumination analysisusing the local exponential frame.Geophysics,2010,75(4):163-174.
[20]毛剑,吴如山,高静怀等.局部指数标架小波束在复杂介质方向照明分析中的应用.地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2955-2963.Mao J,Wu R S,Gao J H,et al.Directional illuminationanalysis for complex medium using local exponential framebeamlet.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(12):2955-2963.
[21]Cao J,Wu R S.Local-angle domain illumination for full-wavepropagators.78th Annual International Meeting,SEG,ExpandedAbstracts,2008:2246-2251.
[22]Yang H,Xie X B,Luo M Q,et al.Target oriented full-waveequation based illumination analysis.78th Annual InternationalMeeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2008:2216-2200.
[23]Xu S Y,Jin S W.Can we image beneath salt body?—Target-oriented visibility analysis.75th Annual InternationalMeeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2005:1997-2001.
[24]Rietveld W E A,Berkhout A J,Wapernnaar C P A.Optimum seismic illumination of hydrocarbon reservoirs.Geophysics,1992,57(10):1334-1345.
[25]Rietveld W E A,Berkhout A J.Prestack depth migration bymeans of controlled illumination.Geophysics,1994,59(5):801-809.
[26]Wu R S,Chen L,Wang Y Z.Prestack migration/imagingusing synthetic beam sources and plane sources.StudiaGeophysica et Geodaetica,2002,46(4):651-665.
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