致密砂岩储层贝叶斯岩性判别与孔隙流体检测
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摘要
应用统计岩石物理方法可以定量预测地下岩性和储层孔隙流体分布。根据川中致密砂岩储层的特点,本文选用纵波阻抗和横波阻抗进行二维贝叶斯分类。井数据分类结果表明,利用纵波阻抗和横波阻抗可以较好地区分各种岩性,甚至可以初步识别孔隙流体。因此,将该分类技术运用到反演的地震属性中,得到了目标层段、围岩及储层孔隙流体在横向上的分布。预测的岩性分布基本上反映了目标层位的沉积特点,含气砂岩主要分布在须二段砂体的内部并且在B井两侧富集。
Applying statistical petrophysics can quantitatively predict the distribution of subsurface lithofacies and pore fluid in reservoirs.According to the characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs in the Central Sichuan,P-wave and S-Wave impedances were selected for 2-D Bayesian classification in this paper.Classification results of well data show that using P-wave and S-wave impedance could distinguish lithofacies,even preliminarily recognize pore fluid.Therefore,applying this classification technique to invert seismic attributes,we obtain the lithology lateral distribution and pore fluid around targets.The predicted lithofacies distribution reflects basically sedimentary characteristics of targets.Besides,gas bearing sandstones distribute mainly in the interior of the Formation Xu 2 and concentrate around Well B.
Applying statistical petrophysics can quantitatively predict the distribution of subsurface lithofacies and pore fluid in reservoirs.According to the characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs in the Central Sichuan,P-wave and S-Wave impedances were selected for 2-D Bayesian classification in this paper.Classification results of well data show that using P-wave and S-wave impedance could distinguish lithofacies,even preliminarily recognize pore fluid.Therefore,applying this classification technique to invert seismic attributes,we obtain the lithology lateral distribution and pore fluid around targets.The predicted lithofacies distribution reflects basically sedimentary characteristics of targets.Besides,gas bearing sandstones distribute mainly in the interior of the Formation Xu 2 and concentrate around Well B.
引文
[1]Avseth P,Mukerji T,Mavko G.Quantitative Seismic Interpretation.Cambridge University Press,Cam-bridge,2005
[2]Avseth P,Mukerji T,Mavko G et al.Statistical dis-crimination of lithofacies from pre-stack seismic data constrained by well log rock physics:Application to a North Sea turbidite system.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1998,17:890～893
[3]Avseth P,Mukerji T,Jorstad A et al.Seismic reser-voir mapping from3-D AVO in a North Sea turbidite system.Geophysics,2001,66(4):1157～1176
[4]Mukerji T,Avseth P,Mavko G et al.Statistical rock physics combining rock physics,information theory,and geostatistics to reduce uncertainty in seismic res-ervoir characterization.The Leading Edge,2001,20(3):313～319
[5]Eidsvik J,Avseth P,Omre H et al.Stochastic reser-voir characterization using prestack seismic data.Geo-physics,2004,69(4):978～993
[6]蒋春玲,敬兵,张喜梅等.利用叠前弹性参数反演储层参数.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):452～456 Jiang Chunling,Jing Bing,Zhang Ximei et al.Reser-voir parameter inversion with prestack elastic param-eters.OGP,2011,46(3):452～456
[7]王霞,张延庆,于志龙等.叠前反演结合地质统计模拟预测薄储层.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(5):744～748 Wang Xia,Zhang Yanqing,Yu Zhilong et al.Thin reservoir prediction by prestack inversion combined with geostatistic simulation.OGP,2011,46(5):744～748
[8]Avseth P,Flesche H,Aart-Jan van Wijngaarden.AVO classification of lithology and pore fluids con-strained by rock physics depth trends.The Leading Edge,2003,22(10):1004～1011
[9]Mukerji T,Jorstad A,Avseth P et al.Mapping litho-facies and pore-fluid probabilities in a North Sea res-ervoir:Seismic inversions and statistical rock physics.Geophysics,2001,66(4):988～1001
[10]Gonzalez E F,Mukerji T,Mavko G et al.Far offset P-to-S“elastic impedance”for lithology and partial gas saturation(fizz water)identification:Applications with well logs.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2003,22:1446～1449
[11]Rimstad K,Avseth P,Omre H.Bayesian lithology/fluid prediction constrained by spatial couplings and rock physics depth trends.The Leading Edge,2010,29(5):584～589
[12]郭伟,何顺利,邓继新.岩石物理在浊积岩储层岩性与气水识别中的运用.勘探地球物理进展,2010,33(5):363～366 Guo Wei,He Shunli,Deng Jixin.Application of rock physics in lithology discrimination and fluid detection of turbidite reservoir.Progress in Exploration Geo-physics,2010,33(5):363～366
[13]朱如凯,邹才能,张鼐等.致密砂岩气藏储层成岩流体演化与致密成因机理—以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组为例.地球科学(中国科学D辑),2009,39(3):327～339 Zhu Rukai,Zou Caineng,Zhang Nai et al.Diagenetic fluids evolution and genetic mechanism of tight sand-stone gas reservoirs in Upper Triassic Xujiahe Forma-tion in Sichuan Basin,China.Earth Sciences(Science in China,Series D),2009,39(3):327～339
[14]Yan Xinfei,Yao Fengchang,Cao Hong et al.Analy-zing the mid-low porosity sandstone dry frame in cen-tral Sichuan based on effective medium theory.Applied Geophysics,2011,8(3):163～170
[15]徐天吉,程冰洁,蔡希源等.利用全波属性参数识别川西深层致密气藏.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(5):749～756 Xu Tianji,Cheng Bingjie,Cai Xiyuan et al.Identifica-tion of deep tight gas reservoirs in western Sichuan Depression by full-wave attributes.OGP,2011,46(5):749～756
[16]Silvermann B W.Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis.Chapman and Hall,New York,1986
[2]Avseth P,Mukerji T,Mavko G et al.Statistical dis-crimination of lithofacies from pre-stack seismic data constrained by well log rock physics:Application to a North Sea turbidite system.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1998,17:890～893
[3]Avseth P,Mukerji T,Jorstad A et al.Seismic reser-voir mapping from3-D AVO in a North Sea turbidite system.Geophysics,2001,66(4):1157～1176
[4]Mukerji T,Avseth P,Mavko G et al.Statistical rock physics combining rock physics,information theory,and geostatistics to reduce uncertainty in seismic res-ervoir characterization.The Leading Edge,2001,20(3):313～319
[5]Eidsvik J,Avseth P,Omre H et al.Stochastic reser-voir characterization using prestack seismic data.Geo-physics,2004,69(4):978～993
[6]蒋春玲,敬兵,张喜梅等.利用叠前弹性参数反演储层参数.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):452～456 Jiang Chunling,Jing Bing,Zhang Ximei et al.Reser-voir parameter inversion with prestack elastic param-eters.OGP,2011,46(3):452～456
[7]王霞,张延庆,于志龙等.叠前反演结合地质统计模拟预测薄储层.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(5):744～748 Wang Xia,Zhang Yanqing,Yu Zhilong et al.Thin reservoir prediction by prestack inversion combined with geostatistic simulation.OGP,2011,46(5):744～748
[8]Avseth P,Flesche H,Aart-Jan van Wijngaarden.AVO classification of lithology and pore fluids con-strained by rock physics depth trends.The Leading Edge,2003,22(10):1004～1011
[9]Mukerji T,Jorstad A,Avseth P et al.Mapping litho-facies and pore-fluid probabilities in a North Sea res-ervoir:Seismic inversions and statistical rock physics.Geophysics,2001,66(4):988～1001
[10]Gonzalez E F,Mukerji T,Mavko G et al.Far offset P-to-S“elastic impedance”for lithology and partial gas saturation(fizz water)identification:Applications with well logs.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2003,22:1446～1449
[11]Rimstad K,Avseth P,Omre H.Bayesian lithology/fluid prediction constrained by spatial couplings and rock physics depth trends.The Leading Edge,2010,29(5):584～589
[12]郭伟,何顺利,邓继新.岩石物理在浊积岩储层岩性与气水识别中的运用.勘探地球物理进展,2010,33(5):363～366 Guo Wei,He Shunli,Deng Jixin.Application of rock physics in lithology discrimination and fluid detection of turbidite reservoir.Progress in Exploration Geo-physics,2010,33(5):363～366
[13]朱如凯,邹才能,张鼐等.致密砂岩气藏储层成岩流体演化与致密成因机理—以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组为例.地球科学(中国科学D辑),2009,39(3):327～339 Zhu Rukai,Zou Caineng,Zhang Nai et al.Diagenetic fluids evolution and genetic mechanism of tight sand-stone gas reservoirs in Upper Triassic Xujiahe Forma-tion in Sichuan Basin,China.Earth Sciences(Science in China,Series D),2009,39(3):327～339
[14]Yan Xinfei,Yao Fengchang,Cao Hong et al.Analy-zing the mid-low porosity sandstone dry frame in cen-tral Sichuan based on effective medium theory.Applied Geophysics,2011,8(3):163～170
[15]徐天吉,程冰洁,蔡希源等.利用全波属性参数识别川西深层致密气藏.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(5):749～756 Xu Tianji,Cheng Bingjie,Cai Xiyuan et al.Identifica-tion of deep tight gas reservoirs in western Sichuan Depression by full-wave attributes.OGP,2011,46(5):749～756
[16]Silvermann B W.Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis.Chapman and Hall,New York,1986
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