塔里木盆地塔河地区海西晚期火山岩构造特征与油气成藏
摘要
通过地震剖面解释,根据断裂的切割层位将研究区火山岩断裂分为3类,即深层断裂、浅层断裂、火山岩内部微断裂。通过编制这3类断裂的平面展布图,对塔河地区火山岩断裂的性质、形成期次、分布特征及形成机理进行了分析。认为深层断裂形成于加里东期-海西期,以逆冲断层为主,走向呈NNE、NE、NNW3组,断裂主要分布于塔河火山岩发育区北部、西北部。浅层断裂形成于燕山期-喜马拉雅期,以正断层为主,断裂走向呈NE、NNE向,主要分布于盐边地带和东南部盐上火山岩分布区。火山岩内部的微断裂在顶部较底部发育,主要分布于塔河地区西部的火山岩中。根据火山岩储层和构造成因类型,将塔河地区火山岩划分为3种圈闭类型,即:构造裂缝和淋滤风化共同控制的圈闭、古凸起不整合遮挡和抬升淋滤风化共同控制的圈闭、埋藏溶蚀和构造裂缝共同控制的圈闭。分析了火山岩圈闭顶部的盖层条件和火山岩的油气成藏条件,认为三叠系底部柯吐尔组泥岩可形成有效的区域性封盖,塔河地区火山岩具有良好的油气成藏条件。
The faults in volcanic rocks of the Tahe area can be classified into three types based on the interpretation of the seismic profiles:deep-layer faults,shallow-layer faults and micro-faults within the volcanic rocks.Through compiling faulting distribution map,the fault characters,formation periods,distribution characteristic and origin of the volcanic rock in the Tahe area have been analyzed.It is believed that the deep-layer faults,mainly thrust faults,were formed during the period of Caledonian and Hercynian stages.These faults trending NNE,NE and NNW are distributed in the north and northwest parts of the Tahe volcanic area.The shallow-layer faults,mainly normal faults,were formed during the period of Yanshan and Himalayan Stages.The faults trending NE and NNE are distributed in the volcanic rocks near the salt margin and up-salt volcanic area of the southeast part.The micro-faults within the volcanic rocks,developed in the top of volcanic rocks much more than that in the bottom of volcanic rocks,mainly distribute in the western part of the Tahe area.Three oil-gas trap types of volcanic rock have been classified according to the origin of the volcanic reservoir and structure.They are the traps controlled by structural fissures,leaching and weathering,the traps controlled by paleo-uplift,unconformities,leaching and weathering,the traps controlled by buried-dissolving,erosion and structural fissions.The conditions of the cap-rocks and hydrocarbon accumulation of volcanic beds have been analyzed.It is indicated that mudstone of Ketuer formation of the bottom Triassic may be an effective regional seal bed.The favorable hydrocarbon accumulation conditions may exist in the volcanic beds in the Tahe area,Tarim Basin.
The faults in volcanic rocks of the Tahe area can be classified into three types based on the interpretation of the seismic profiles:deep-layer faults,shallow-layer faults and micro-faults within the volcanic rocks.Through compiling faulting distribution map,the fault characters,formation periods,distribution characteristic and origin of the volcanic rock in the Tahe area have been analyzed.It is believed that the deep-layer faults,mainly thrust faults,were formed during the period of Caledonian and Hercynian stages.These faults trending NNE,NE and NNW are distributed in the north and northwest parts of the Tahe volcanic area.The shallow-layer faults,mainly normal faults,were formed during the period of Yanshan and Himalayan Stages.The faults trending NE and NNE are distributed in the volcanic rocks near the salt margin and up-salt volcanic area of the southeast part.The micro-faults within the volcanic rocks,developed in the top of volcanic rocks much more than that in the bottom of volcanic rocks,mainly distribute in the western part of the Tahe area.Three oil-gas trap types of volcanic rock have been classified according to the origin of the volcanic reservoir and structure.They are the traps controlled by structural fissures,leaching and weathering,the traps controlled by paleo-uplift,unconformities,leaching and weathering,the traps controlled by buried-dissolving,erosion and structural fissions.The conditions of the cap-rocks and hydrocarbon accumulation of volcanic beds have been analyzed.It is indicated that mudstone of Ketuer formation of the bottom Triassic may be an effective regional seal bed.The favorable hydrocarbon accumulation conditions may exist in the volcanic beds in the Tahe area,Tarim Basin.
引文
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汤良杰.1997.略论塔里木古生代盆地演化.现代地质,11(1):14～21.
王博,舒良树,Cluzel D,Faure M,Charcet J,马前.2006.新疆伊犁北部石炭纪火山岩地球化学特征及地质意义.中国地质,33(3):498～508.
肖庆辉,邓晋福,邱瑞照,刘勇,冯艳芳.2009.花岗岩类与大陆地壳生长初探——以中国典型造山带花岗岩类岩石的形成为例.中国地质,36(3):594～622.
杨金龙,罗静兰,何发岐,俞仁连,翟晓先.2004.塔河地区二叠系火山岩储集层特征.石油勘探与开发,31(4):44～47.
陈业全,李宝刚.2004.塔里木盆地中部二叠系火山岩地层的划分与对比.石油大学学报,28(6):6～10.
崔泽宏,唐跃.2010.塔河地区海西晚期火山岩地球化学特征及地质意义.中国地质,37(2):334～345.
季宗镇,戴俊生,王军,李明,潘耀丽.2010.塔河油田二叠系火山岩储集层裂缝参数模拟.新疆石油地质,31(2):142～145.
康玉柱.2008.新疆两大盆地石炭-二叠系火山岩特征与油气.石油实验地质,30(4):321～327.
李建兵,魏永峰,杜红星,孙涛.2009.西南天山下二叠统小提坎立克组火山岩地球化学特征.新疆地质,27(4):315～319.
罗金海,车自成,曹远志,张敬艺.2008.南天山南缘早二叠世酸性火山岩的地球化学、同位素年代学及其构造意义.岩石学报,24(10):2281～2288.
罗静兰,翟晓先,蒲仁海,何发岐,赵会涛,俞仁连,周家驹.2006.塔河油田火山岩的层位归属、火山岩岩石学与岩相学特征.地质科学,41(3):378～391.
罗照华,白志达,赵志丹,詹华明,李莉.2003.塔里木盆地南北缘新生代火山岩成因及其地质意义.地学前缘,10(3):179～188.
石松彦.2006.塔河油田海西晚期火山岩储集层特征及影响因素分析.录井工程,17(3):69～73.
汤良杰.1997.略论塔里木古生代盆地演化.现代地质,11(1):14～21.
王博,舒良树,Cluzel D,Faure M,Charcet J,马前.2006.新疆伊犁北部石炭纪火山岩地球化学特征及地质意义.中国地质,33(3):498～508.
肖庆辉,邓晋福,邱瑞照,刘勇,冯艳芳.2009.花岗岩类与大陆地壳生长初探——以中国典型造山带花岗岩类岩石的形成为例.中国地质,36(3):594～622.
杨金龙,罗静兰,何发岐,俞仁连,翟晓先.2004.塔河地区二叠系火山岩储集层特征.石油勘探与开发,31(4):44～47.
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