塔里木盆地台盆区三叠纪大型挤压坳陷湖盆层序地层及构造响应
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摘要
三叠纪是塔里木盆地区域应力场由伸展至挤压的重大转折期,台盆区发育大型挤压坳陷盆地.经过地震层序解释,将台盆区三叠系划分为4个三级层序,其顶、底界面均为区域性削截不整合面;内部除了少量削截、上超和下切谷之外,顶超是最为普遍的层序界面标志.进一步的钻井层序对比表明,层序内幕沉积演化独特,湖扩体系域普遍发育大型辫状河三角洲,其沉积物粒度粗,砂体厚;相反,高位体系域三角洲规模小,沉积物粒度细.结合区域构造背景分析认为,挤压坳陷盆地的层序发育受控于逐渐增强-减弱的幕式挤压作用,湖扩体系域对应于挤压增强时期:一方面,基底挠曲沉降加剧,湖盆范围迅速扩张;另一方面,前隆和周围山系快速隆升,沉积物供给大大增加,甚至超过了可容纳空间的增加速率,导致大型辫状河三角洲的广泛发育.
As the regional stress field transferred from extension to compression in the Triassic,a large-scale down-warped lacustrine basin developed in the interior Tarim basin.According to seismic sequence interpretation,four third-order sequences were identified in the Triassic.Both top and bottom surfaces of the Triassic were regional truncation unconformities.Besides a few terminal types of truncate,up-lap and incised valley,top-lap was the widespread mark of sequence boundary.Furthermore,sequences correlations among wells reveals that sequences were very special in depositional evolutions as follows:in their lake-expanding systems tracts,large-scale braided river deltas had usually developed with coarse sediment and thick sandbodies;contrarily,in their high-stand systems tracts,the deltas were small with much finer sediments.Presumedly,stratigraphic sequences were dominated by episodic compressive tectonism,which gradually intensified and then weakened.Responding to violently compressive action in lake-expanding systems tracts,the lithosphere had flexed and as a result the basin rapidly expanded;on the other hand,the surrounding forebulges and orogenic belts had intensely uplifted,and the sediment supplies had been largely accelerated so that it exceeded the accommodation increment which caused that the braided river deltas had extensively developed.
As the regional stress field transferred from extension to compression in the Triassic,a large-scale down-warped lacustrine basin developed in the interior Tarim basin.According to seismic sequence interpretation,four third-order sequences were identified in the Triassic.Both top and bottom surfaces of the Triassic were regional truncation unconformities.Besides a few terminal types of truncate,up-lap and incised valley,top-lap was the widespread mark of sequence boundary.Furthermore,sequences correlations among wells reveals that sequences were very special in depositional evolutions as follows:in their lake-expanding systems tracts,large-scale braided river deltas had usually developed with coarse sediment and thick sandbodies;contrarily,in their high-stand systems tracts,the deltas were small with much finer sediments.Presumedly,stratigraphic sequences were dominated by episodic compressive tectonism,which gradually intensified and then weakened.Responding to violently compressive action in lake-expanding systems tracts,the lithosphere had flexed and as a result the basin rapidly expanded;on the other hand,the surrounding forebulges and orogenic belts had intensely uplifted,and the sediment supplies had been largely accelerated so that it exceeded the accommodation increment which caused that the braided river deltas had extensively developed.
引文
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Lü,X.Y.,Zhu,X.M.,Shen,Y.M.,et al.,2002.The Trias-sic sequence stratigraphy and the prediction of the fa-vourable exploration targets in Tarim basin.PetroleumExploration and Development,29(1):32-35(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Wang,Y.,1999.Analysis on the Upper Devonian-Triassicsequence stratigraphy in the Tarim basin and its con-trolling factors.Experimental Petroleum Geology,21(3):225-231(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,Y.,Zhang,Y.W.,Jin,Z.J.,et al.,1999.Analysis onthe tectonic-stratigraphic equences in the Tarim basin.Geological Review,45(5):504-513(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Xie,X.N.,Cheng,S.T.,Lu,Y.C.,1996.Episodic tectoniccycles and internal architectures of sequences in conti-nental basin.Earth Science—Journal of China Univer-sity of Geosciences,2(1):27-33(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Ren,J.Y.,Lu,Y.C.,Zhang,Q.L.,2004.Forming mecha-nism of structural slope-break and its control on se-quence style in faulted basin.Earth Science—Journalof China University of Geosciences,29(5):596-602(in Chinese with English abstract).
操应长,姜在兴,2004.断陷湖盆层序界面的成因类型及其与油气藏的关系.石油大学学报(自然科学版),28(4):1-6.
池英柳,张万选,张厚福,等,1996.陆相断陷盆地层序成因初探.石油学报,17(3):19-26.
冯有良,李思田,解习农,2000.陆相断陷盆地层序形成动力学及层序地层模式.地学前缘,7(3):119-132.
高岩,赵秀岐,张玮,等,2003.塔里木盆地层序地层特征与非构造圈闭勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,46-50.
郭建华,刘辰生,朱锐,2007.阿克库勒地区三叠系层序地层学及储集砂体成因类型.沉积学报,25(2):169-176.
何登发,贾承造,李德生,等,2005.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化.石油与天然气地质,26(1):64-77.
胡受权,郭文平,杨凤根,等,2001.试论控制断陷湖盆陆相层序发育的影响因素.沉积学报,19(2):256-262.
贾承造,孙龙德,周新源,等,2004a.塔里木盆地中新生代构造特征与油气.北京:石油工业出版社,46-59.
贾承造,赵文智,邹才能,等,2004b.岩性地层油气藏勘探研究的两项核心技术.石油勘探与开发,31(3):3-9.
姜华,王华,陆永潮,等,2009.压性盆地层序结构的二元性特征研究——以焉耆盆地博湖坳陷侏罗系为例.地质学报,83(6):847-854.
李丕龙,冯建辉,陆永潮,等,2010.准噶尔盆地构造沉积与成藏.北京:地质出版社,74-89.
吕雪雁,朱筱敏,申银民,等,2002.塔里木盆地台盆区三叠系层序地层研究和有利勘探区预测.石油勘探与开发,29(1):32-35.
王毅,1999.塔里木盆地上泥盆统-三叠系层序地层及控制因素分析.石油实验地质,21(3):225-231.
王毅,张一伟,金之钧,等,1999.塔里木盆地构造-层序分析.地质论评,45(5):504-513.
解习农,程守田,陆永潮,1996.陆相盆地幕式构造旋回与层序构成.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2(1):27-33.
任建业,陆永潮,张青林,2004.断陷盆地构造坡折带形成机制及其对层序发育样式的控制.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,29(5):596-602.
Chi,Y.L.,Zhang,W.X.,Zhang,H.F.,et al.,1996.Genesisof stratigraphic sequence in continental rift basins.ActaPetrolei Sinica,17(3):19-26(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Feng,Y.L.,Li,S.T.,Xie,X.N.,2000.Dynamics of se-quence generation and sequence stratigraphic model incontinental rift subsidence basin.Earth Science Fron-tiers,7(3):119-132(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Gao,Y.,Zhao,X.Q.,Zhang,W.,et al.,2003.Sequencescharacteristics and exploration of non-tectonic trap inTarim Basin.Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing,46-50(in Chinese).
Guo,J.H.,Liu,C.S.,Zhu,R.,2007.Sequence stratigraphyand sandbody genetic types of Triassic system inAkekule area.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,25(2):169-176(in Chinese with English abstract).
He,D.F.,Jia,C.Z.,Li,D.S.,et al.,2005.Formation andevolution of polycyclic superimposed Tarim basin.Oil&Gas Geology,26(1):64-77(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Hu,S.Q.,Guo,W.P.,Yang,F.G.,et al.,2001.Study oninfluential factors of terrigenous sequence formation anddevelopment in fault-depressed lacustrine basin.ActaSedimentologica Sinica,19(2):256-262(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Jia,C.Z.,Sun,L.D.,Zhou,X.Y.,et al.,2004a.Meso-Ceno-zoic tectonic characteristics and petroleum in Tarim basin.Petroleum Industry Press,Beijing,46-59(in Chinese).
Jia,C.Z.,Zhao,W.Z.,Zou,C.N.,et al.,2004b.Two keytechnologies about exploration of stratigraphic/lithol-ogical reservoirs.Petroleum Exploration and Develop-ment,31(3):3-9(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiang,H.,Wang,H.,Lu,Y.C.,et al.,2009.Dual features ofsequence structures in compressional basin:an examplefrom Jurassic Bohu depression of Yanqi basin.ActaGeologica Sinica,83(6):847-854(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Li,P.L.,Feng,J.H.,Lu,Y.C.,et al.,2010.Tectonic,sedi-mentary and reservoir in Jungger basin.GeologicalPress,Beijing,74-89(in Chinese).
Lü,X.Y.,Zhu,X.M.,Shen,Y.M.,et al.,2002.The Trias-sic sequence stratigraphy and the prediction of the fa-vourable exploration targets in Tarim basin.PetroleumExploration and Development,29(1):32-35(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Wang,Y.,1999.Analysis on the Upper Devonian-Triassicsequence stratigraphy in the Tarim basin and its con-trolling factors.Experimental Petroleum Geology,21(3):225-231(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,Y.,Zhang,Y.W.,Jin,Z.J.,et al.,1999.Analysis onthe tectonic-stratigraphic equences in the Tarim basin.Geological Review,45(5):504-513(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Xie,X.N.,Cheng,S.T.,Lu,Y.C.,1996.Episodic tectoniccycles and internal architectures of sequences in conti-nental basin.Earth Science—Journal of China Univer-sity of Geosciences,2(1):27-33(in Chinese with Eng-lish abstract).
Ren,J.Y.,Lu,Y.C.,Zhang,Q.L.,2004.Forming mecha-nism of structural slope-break and its control on se-quence style in faulted basin.Earth Science—Journalof China University of Geosciences,29(5):596-602(in Chinese with English abstract).
操应长,姜在兴,2004.断陷湖盆层序界面的成因类型及其与油气藏的关系.石油大学学报(自然科学版),28(4):1-6.
池英柳,张万选,张厚福,等,1996.陆相断陷盆地层序成因初探.石油学报,17(3):19-26.
冯有良,李思田,解习农,2000.陆相断陷盆地层序形成动力学及层序地层模式.地学前缘,7(3):119-132.
高岩,赵秀岐,张玮,等,2003.塔里木盆地层序地层特征与非构造圈闭勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,46-50.
郭建华,刘辰生,朱锐,2007.阿克库勒地区三叠系层序地层学及储集砂体成因类型.沉积学报,25(2):169-176.
何登发,贾承造,李德生,等,2005.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化.石油与天然气地质,26(1):64-77.
胡受权,郭文平,杨凤根,等,2001.试论控制断陷湖盆陆相层序发育的影响因素.沉积学报,19(2):256-262.
贾承造,孙龙德,周新源,等,2004a.塔里木盆地中新生代构造特征与油气.北京:石油工业出版社,46-59.
贾承造,赵文智,邹才能,等,2004b.岩性地层油气藏勘探研究的两项核心技术.石油勘探与开发,31(3):3-9.
姜华,王华,陆永潮,等,2009.压性盆地层序结构的二元性特征研究——以焉耆盆地博湖坳陷侏罗系为例.地质学报,83(6):847-854.
李丕龙,冯建辉,陆永潮,等,2010.准噶尔盆地构造沉积与成藏.北京:地质出版社,74-89.
吕雪雁,朱筱敏,申银民,等,2002.塔里木盆地台盆区三叠系层序地层研究和有利勘探区预测.石油勘探与开发,29(1):32-35.
王毅,1999.塔里木盆地上泥盆统-三叠系层序地层及控制因素分析.石油实验地质,21(3):225-231.
王毅,张一伟,金之钧,等,1999.塔里木盆地构造-层序分析.地质论评,45(5):504-513.
解习农,程守田,陆永潮,1996.陆相盆地幕式构造旋回与层序构成.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2(1):27-33.
任建业,陆永潮,张青林,2004.断陷盆地构造坡折带形成机制及其对层序发育样式的控制.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,29(5):596-602.
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