尼日尔三角洲盆地深水沉积体系特征
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摘要
尼日尔三角洲盆地深水沉积研究是目前世界油气勘探的热点问题之一.通过对三维地震资料、岩心及测井曲线分析,揭示了尼日尔三角洲盆地南部地区新近系深水沉积体系特征.基于不同属性的层序界面识别,研究区划分出SQ1-SQ6共6个三级层序,并建立层序地层格架,进而总结出研究区深水沉积模式.研究区除堆积正常半深海-深海泥岩外,还广泛发育海底扇沉积,海底扇由浊积水道和海底扇朵体组成,其中水道分支少、弯度大,外部形态类似曲流河;朵体平面上成朵叶状分布,可以划分为末端朵体和决口扇朵体.研究区新近系地层自下向上由老到新,相对海平面先下降再上升,SQ1-SQ4层序以海底扇朵体沉积为主,SQ5-SQ6层序以浊积水道沉积为主.
The research of deepwater sedimentary systems in the Niger Delta basin is one of the key issues in hydrocarbon exploration in the world.According to the analysis of 3Dseismic data,well,core,sedimentary structure and logs characters,depositional characteristics of deepwater systems are discussed on Neocene in the south of Niger Delta basin.Sequence stratigraphic framework is established based on identification of sequence boundary and 6third-order sequences are divided and named as SQ1-SQ6.The depositional models of deepwater sedimentary systems are established.Three kinds of depositional facies are identified in the deepwater sedimentary systems,namely,turbidite channel,submarine lobe and hemipelagic mudstones.Channel only has few branches that are highly sinuous,with morphology similar to that of meandering river;submarine lobes can be divided into terminal lobe and crevasse splay lobe.During the Neocene deposition from the SQ1to the SQ6,relative sea level firstly fell and then rose,submarine lobe facies developed in the SQ1-SQ4and turbidite channel facies developed in the SQ5-SQ6.
The research of deepwater sedimentary systems in the Niger Delta basin is one of the key issues in hydrocarbon exploration in the world.According to the analysis of 3Dseismic data,well,core,sedimentary structure and logs characters,depositional characteristics of deepwater systems are discussed on Neocene in the south of Niger Delta basin.Sequence stratigraphic framework is established based on identification of sequence boundary and 6third-order sequences are divided and named as SQ1-SQ6.The depositional models of deepwater sedimentary systems are established.Three kinds of depositional facies are identified in the deepwater sedimentary systems,namely,turbidite channel,submarine lobe and hemipelagic mudstones.Channel only has few branches that are highly sinuous,with morphology similar to that of meandering river;submarine lobes can be divided into terminal lobe and crevasse splay lobe.During the Neocene deposition from the SQ1to the SQ6,relative sea level firstly fell and then rose,submarine lobe facies developed in the SQ1-SQ4and turbidite channel facies developed in the SQ5-SQ6.
引文
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Peakall,J.,McCaffrey,B.,Kneller,B.,2000.A process mod-el for the evolution,morphology,and architecture ofsinuous,submarine channels.Journal of SedimentaryResearch,70(3):434-448.doi:10.1306/2DC4091C-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D
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Tong,X.G.,Guan,Z.M.,2002.Atlas of petroleum explora-tion and development of the world.Petroleum IndustryPress,Beijing(in Chinese).
Vail,P.R.,Mitchum,Jr.R.M.,Thompson III,S.,1977.Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level,Parts 3.Relative changes of sea level from coastal on-lap:section 2.Application of seismic reflection configu-ration to stratigraphic interpretation.Seismic stratigra-phy:application to hydrocarbon exploration.AAPGMemoir(Special),26:63-81.
Von Rad,U.,Tahir,M.,1997.Late Quaternary sedimenta-tion on the outer indus shelf and slope(Pakistan):evi-dence from high-resolution seismic data and coring.Ma-rine Geology,138(3-4):193-236.doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(96)00090-4
Wang,Y.,Lv,M.,2009.Reservoir characteristics sedimentin Nigeria deep water area.Natural Gas Geosciences,20(2):228-236(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yuan,S.Q.,Cao,F.,Wu,S.G.,et al.,2010.Architectureand origin of deepwater sinuous channel on the slope ofnorthern South China Sea.Acta Sedimentologica Sini-ca,28(1):68-75(in Chinese with English abstract).
蒋恕,王华,Paul Weimer,2008.深水沉积层序特点及构成要素.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,33(6):825-833.
刘新颖,于水,陶维祥,等,2012.刚果扇盆地上中新世深水水道充填结构及演化特征.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,37(1):105-112.
吕明,王颖,陈莹,2008.尼日利亚深水区海底扇沉积模式成因探讨及勘探意义.中国海上油气,20(4):275-282.
庞雄,申俊,袁立忠,等,2007.南海珠江深水海底扇系统及油气勘探前景.石油学报,27(3):11-15.
童晓光,关增淼,2002.世界石油勘探开发图集(非洲地区分册).北京.石油工业出版社.
王颖,吕明,2009.深水沉积储层特征——以尼日利亚OML130区块为例.天然气地球科学,20(2):228-236.
袁圣强,曹锋,吴时国,等,2010.南海北部陆坡深水曲流水道的识别及成因.沉积学报,28(1):68-75.
Deptuck,M.E.,Steffens,G.S.,Barton,M.,et al.,2003.Ar-chitecture and evolution of upper fan channel-belts onthe Niger Delta slope and in the Arabian Sea.Marineand Petroleum Geology,20(6):649-676.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2003.01.004
Droz,L.,Rigaut,F.,Cochonat,P.,et al.,1996.Morphologyand recent evolution of the Zaire turbidite systems(gulfof Guinea).Geological Society of American Bulletin,108(3):253-269.doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0253:MAREOT>2.3.CO;2
Fort,X.,Brun,J.P.,Chauvel,F.,2004.Salt tectonics on theAngolan margin,synsedimentary deformation proces-ses.AAPG,88(11):1523-1544.doi:10.1306/06010403012
Jiang,S.,Wang,H.,Weimer,P.,2008.Sequence stratigra-phy characteristics and sedimentary elements in deep-water.Earth Science—Journal of China University ofGeosciences,33(6):825-833(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
Kollar,V.,2007.A review of sinuous channel avulsion pat-terns in some major deep-sea fans and factors control-ling them.Marine and Petroleum Geology,24(6-9):450-469.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2007.01.004
Kollar,V.,Bourges,P.,Urruty,J.M.,et al.,2001.Evolu-tion of deep-water Tertiary sinuous channels offshoreAngola(West Africa)and implications for reservoir ar-chitecture.AAPG Bulletin,85(8):1373-1405.doi:10.1306/8626CAC3-173B-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Liu,X.Y.,Yu,S.,Tao,W.X.,et al.,2012.Filling architec-ture and evolution of Upper Miocene deep-water chan-nel in Congo Fan basin.Earth Science—Journal ofChina University of Geosciences,37(1):105-112.
Lv,M.,Wang,Y.,2008.A discussion on origins of subma-rine fan deposition model and its exploration signifi-cance in Nigeria deep-water area.China Offshore Oiland Gas,20(4):275-282(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Nakajima,T.,Peakall,J.,McCaffrey,W.D.,et al.,2009.Outer-bank bars:a new intra-channel architectural ele-ment within sinuous submarine slope channels.Journalof Sedimentary Research,79(12):872-886.doi:10.2110/jsr.2009.094
Pang,X.,Shen,J.,Yuan,L.Z.,et al.,2007.Petroleum pros-pect in deep water fan system of the Pearl River in theSouth China Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica,27(3):11-15(in Chinese with English abstract).
Peakall,J.,McCaffrey,B.,Kneller,B.,2000.A process mod-el for the evolution,morphology,and architecture ofsinuous,submarine channels.Journal of SedimentaryResearch,70(3):434-448.doi:10.1306/2DC4091C-0E47-11D7-8643000102C1865D
Pettingill,H.S.,1998.Turbidite giants:lessons from theworld's 40largest turbidite discoveries.EAGE/AAPG3rd Research Symposium,Leipzig.
Posamentier,H.W.,Kolla,V.,2003.Seismic geomorphologyand stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-watersettings.Journal of Sedimentary Research,73(3):367-388.doi:10.1306/111302730367
Seranne,M.,Anka,Z.,2005.South Atlantic continentalmargins of Africa:a comparison of the tectonic vs cli-mate interplay on the evolution of equatorial West Afri-ca and Southwest Africa margins.Journal of AfricanEarth Sciences,43(1-3):283-300.doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.010
Tong,X.G.,Guan,Z.M.,2002.Atlas of petroleum explora-tion and development of the world.Petroleum IndustryPress,Beijing(in Chinese).
Vail,P.R.,Mitchum,Jr.R.M.,Thompson III,S.,1977.Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level,Parts 3.Relative changes of sea level from coastal on-lap:section 2.Application of seismic reflection configu-ration to stratigraphic interpretation.Seismic stratigra-phy:application to hydrocarbon exploration.AAPGMemoir(Special),26:63-81.
Von Rad,U.,Tahir,M.,1997.Late Quaternary sedimenta-tion on the outer indus shelf and slope(Pakistan):evi-dence from high-resolution seismic data and coring.Ma-rine Geology,138(3-4):193-236.doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(96)00090-4
Wang,Y.,Lv,M.,2009.Reservoir characteristics sedimentin Nigeria deep water area.Natural Gas Geosciences,20(2):228-236(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yuan,S.Q.,Cao,F.,Wu,S.G.,et al.,2010.Architectureand origin of deepwater sinuous channel on the slope ofnorthern South China Sea.Acta Sedimentologica Sini-ca,28(1):68-75(in Chinese with English abstract).
蒋恕,王华,Paul Weimer,2008.深水沉积层序特点及构成要素.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,33(6):825-833.
刘新颖,于水,陶维祥,等,2012.刚果扇盆地上中新世深水水道充填结构及演化特征.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,37(1):105-112.
吕明,王颖,陈莹,2008.尼日利亚深水区海底扇沉积模式成因探讨及勘探意义.中国海上油气,20(4):275-282.
庞雄,申俊,袁立忠,等,2007.南海珠江深水海底扇系统及油气勘探前景.石油学报,27(3):11-15.
童晓光,关增淼,2002.世界石油勘探开发图集(非洲地区分册).北京.石油工业出版社.
王颖,吕明,2009.深水沉积储层特征——以尼日利亚OML130区块为例.天然气地球科学,20(2):228-236.
袁圣强,曹锋,吴时国,等,2010.南海北部陆坡深水曲流水道的识别及成因.沉积学报,28(1):68-75.
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