南海西北陆缘深水沉积体系内部构成特征
|
摘要
深水沉积是近年来我国海域油气勘探重点之一,利用高精度二维和三维地震剖面的精细解剖,揭示了南海西北陆缘区深水沉积体系类型及其内部构成特征.这些深水地区除堆积正常深海-半深海泥岩外,还发育大量深水重力流沉积,包括块体流沉积、深水峡谷、沉积物波等大型沉积体.研究表明,南海西北陆缘区发育4类陆坡,即进积型、滑塌型、水道化型、宽缓渐变型陆坡.不同陆坡类型具有不同地貌形态,发育不同的沉积体类型.大型块体流沉积主要发育于滑塌型和水道化型陆坡,沉积物波主要发育于宽缓渐变型陆坡下部及深海中央峡谷长昌段的周缘地区.由于南海西北陆缘自晚中新世以来形成向东开口的喇叭形变深的地貌形态,导致在盆地中央形成了独特的与陆坡走向一致的深海峡谷体系——中央峡谷.该峡谷的沉积充填不仅包括来自于西部峡谷头部的浊积水道沉积,还包括来自于北部陆坡的块体流沉积,特别是来自于滑塌型陆坡的块体流沉积.中央峡谷体系构成了西北陆缘区多源汇聚的深水沉积物输送系统,同时也是南海西北陆缘深水区重要的油气储层发育层系.
Deepwater reservoir has become one of the major issues in submarine hydrocarbon exploration in China recently. Based on high resolution 2Dand 3Dseismic data,depositional patterns and architectures of deepwater depositional systems are identified on the northwestern continental margins of the South China Sea.Apart from hemipelagic and pelagic mudstones,a number of gravity flow deposits are extensively developed,including large scale mass transport deposits(MTDs),submarine canyons and sediment waves.Four slope types are identified,including progradational type,slumping type,channelized type, wide and gentle type slopes.Each slope type has different morphological features and depositional architectures.Giant MTDs occur on the slumping and channelized slopes,whereas the sediment waves are only developed on the lower part of wide and gentle slope and the two sides of the Changchang segment of the Central Canyon.Due to special morphological features with an eastward flared shape and increasing water depth in the deepwater area since the Late Miocene,the unique Central Canyon with a trend paralleling to shelf break of northern margins is formed along the axial deepest water-depth line.The fillings in the Central Canyon are composed by not only turbidity channels from the head segment of the canyon in the west,but also the MTDs from the continental slope in the north,particularly from the slumping and channelized slopes.The Central Canyon system could be considered as multiple-sources to sink system for sediment transportation,and also a system containing important reservoirs in the deepwater area on the northwestern continental margin of the South China Sea.
Deepwater reservoir has become one of the major issues in submarine hydrocarbon exploration in China recently. Based on high resolution 2Dand 3Dseismic data,depositional patterns and architectures of deepwater depositional systems are identified on the northwestern continental margins of the South China Sea.Apart from hemipelagic and pelagic mudstones,a number of gravity flow deposits are extensively developed,including large scale mass transport deposits(MTDs),submarine canyons and sediment waves.Four slope types are identified,including progradational type,slumping type,channelized type, wide and gentle type slopes.Each slope type has different morphological features and depositional architectures.Giant MTDs occur on the slumping and channelized slopes,whereas the sediment waves are only developed on the lower part of wide and gentle slope and the two sides of the Changchang segment of the Central Canyon.Due to special morphological features with an eastward flared shape and increasing water depth in the deepwater area since the Late Miocene,the unique Central Canyon with a trend paralleling to shelf break of northern margins is formed along the axial deepest water-depth line.The fillings in the Central Canyon are composed by not only turbidity channels from the head segment of the canyon in the west,but also the MTDs from the continental slope in the north,particularly from the slumping and channelized slopes.The Central Canyon system could be considered as multiple-sources to sink system for sediment transportation,and also a system containing important reservoirs in the deepwater area on the northwestern continental margin of the South China Sea.
引文
Casas,D.,Ercilla,G.,Baraza,J.,et al.,2003.Recent mass-movement processes on the Ebro continental slope(NWMediterranean).Marine and Petroleum Geology,20(5):445-457.doi:10.1016/S0264-8172(03)00078-3
Clift,P.D.,Sun,Z.,2006.The sedimentary and tectonic evolu-tion of the Yinggehai-Song Hong basin and the southern Hainan margin,South China Sea:implications for Tibetan uplift and monsoon intensification.Journal of Geophysical Research—Solid Earth,111:B06405.doi:10.1029/2005JB004048
Damuth,J.E.,1979.Migrating sediment waves created by turbidity currents in the northern South China basin.Geology,7(11):520-523.doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1979)7<520:MSWCBT>2.0.CO;2
Gong,Z.S.,2004.Neotectonics and petroleum accumulation in offshore Chinese basins.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,29(5):513-517(in Chinese with English abstract).
He,Y.L.,Xie,X.N.,Li,J.L.,et al.,2010.Depositional characteristics and controlling factors of continental slope system in the Qiongdongnan basin.Geological Science and Technology Information,29(2):118-122(in Chinese with English abstract).
He,Y.L.,Xie,X.N.,Lu,Y.C.,et al.,2011.Architecture and characteristics of mass transport deposites(MTDs) in Qiongdongnan basin in northern South China Sea.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geo-sciences,36(5):905-913(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Hodgson,D.M.,Di Celma,C.N.,Brunt,R.L.,et al.,2011.Submarine slope degradation and aggradation and thestratigraphic evolution of channel-levee systems.Jour-nal of the Geological Society,168:625-628.doi:10.1144/0016-76492010-177
Kane,I.A.,McCaffrey,W.D.,Peakall,J.,et al.,2010.Sub-marine channel levee shape and sediment waves fromphysical experiments.Sedimentary Geology,223(1-)::/j.sedgeo.2009.11.001
Kneller,B.,2003.The influence of flow parameters on turbi-dite slope channel architecture.Marine and PetroleumGeology,20(6-8):901-910.doi:10.1016/j.marpet-geo.2003.03.001
Li,S.T.,Lin,C.S.,Zhang,Q.M.,et al.,1998.The dynamicprocess of episodic rifting and the tectonic event from10Ma in the northern continental margin basin of SouthChina Sea.Science Bulletin,43(8):797-810(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Masson,D.G.,Howe,J.A.,Stoker,M.S.,2002.Bottom-cur-rent sediment waves,sediment drifts and contourites in thenorthern Rockall trough.Marine Geology,192(1-3):215-237.doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00556-X
McHargue,T.,Pyrcz,M.J.,Sullivan,M.D.,et al.,2011.Architecture of turbidite channel systems on the conti-nental slope:patterns and predictions.Marine and Pe-troleum Geology,28(3):728-743.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.07.008
Mullins,H.T.,Keller,G.H.,Kofoed,J.W.,et al.,1982.Geology of great Abaco submarine canyon(Blake plat-eau):observations from the research submersible.Ma-rine Geology,48(3-4):239-257.doi:10.1016/0025-3227(82)90099-8
Normark,W.R.,Piper,D.J.W.,Posamentier,H.,et al.,2002.Variability in form and growth of sediment waveson turbidite channel levees.Marine Geology,192(1-3):23-58.doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00548-0
Pang,X.,Shen,J.,Yuan,L.Z.,et al.,2006.Petroleum pros-pect in deep-water fan system of the Pearl River in theSouth China Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica,27(3):11-16,21(in Chinese with English abstract).
Piper,D.J.W.,2005.Late Cenozoic evolution of the conti-nental margin of eastern Canada.Norwegian Journalof Geology,85:305-318.
Posamentier,H.W.,Kolla,V.,2003.Seismic geomorphologyand stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-watersettings.Journal of Sedimentary Research,73(3):367-388.doi:10.1306/111302730367
Shao,L.,Li,X.H.,Wei,G.J.,et al.,2001.Provenance of aprominenta sediment drift on the northern slope of theSouth China Sea.Science in China(Ser.D),31(10):828-833(in Chinese).
Stow,D.A.V.,Mayall,M.,2000.Deep-water sedimentarysystems:new models for the 21st century.Marine andPetroleum Geology,17(2):125-135.doi:10.1016/S0264-8172(99)00064-1
Su,M.,Li,J.L.,Jiang,T.,et al.,2009.Morphological fea-tures and formation mechanism of Central Canyon inthe Qiongdongnan basin,northern South China Sea.Marine Geology &Quaternary Geology,29(4):85-93(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sultan,N.,Cochonat,P.,Canals,M.,et al.,2004.Trigge-ring mechanisms of slope instability processes and sedi-ment failures on continental margins:ageotechnical ap-proach.Marine Geology,213(1-4):291-321.doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2004.10.011
Wang,Z.F.,Li,X.S.,Sun,Z.P.,et al.,2011.Hydrocarbonaccumulation conditions and exploration potential in thedeep-water region,Qiongdongnan basin.China Off-shore Oil and Gas,23(1):7-13,31(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Wynn,R.B.,Piper,D.J.W.,Gee,M.J.R.,2002.Generationand migration of coarse-grained sediment waves in tur-bidity current channels and channel-lobe transitionzones.Marine Geology,192(1-3):59-78.doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00549-2
Xie,X.N.,Muller,R.D.,Li,S.T.,et al.,2006.Origin ofanomalous subsidence along the northern South ChinaSea margin and its relationship to dynamic topography.Marine and Petroleum Geology,23(7):745-765.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2006.03.004
Xie,X.N.,Muller,R.D.,Ren,J.Y.,et al.,2008.Strati-graphic architecture and evolution of the continentalslope system in offshore Hainan,northern South ChinaSea.Marine Geology,247(3-4):129-144.doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2007.08.005
Zhu,W.L.,2011.China offshore oil and gas exploration:re-view and thinking.Engineering Sciences,13(5):4-9(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,W.L.,Zhang,G.C.,Gao,L.,2008.Geological charac-teristics and exploration objectives of hydrocarbons inthe northern continental margin basin of South ChinaSea.Acta Petrolei Sinica,29(1):1-9(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
龚再升,2004.中国近海含油气盆地新构造运动与油气成藏.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,29(5):513-517.
何云龙,解习农,李俊良,等,2010.琼东南盆地陆坡体系发育特征及其控制因素.地质科技情报,29(2):118-122.
何云龙,解习农,陆永潮,等,2011.琼东南盆地深水块体流构成及其沉积特征.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,36(5):905-913.
李思田,林畅松,张启明,等,1998.南海北部大陆边缘盆地幕式裂陷的动力过程及10Ma以来的构造事件.科学通报,43(8):797-810.
庞雄,申俊,袁立忠,等,2006.南海珠江深水扇系统及其油气勘探前景.石油学报,27(3):11-16,21.
邵磊,李献华,韦刚健,等,2001.南海陆坡高速堆积体的物质来源.中国科学(D辑),31(10):828-833.
苏明,李俊良,姜涛,等,2009.琼东南盆地中央峡谷的形态及成因.海洋地质与第四纪地质,29(4):85-93.
王振峰,李绪深,孙志鹏,等,2011.琼东南盆地深水区油气成藏条件和勘探潜力.中国海上油气,23(1):7-13,31.
朱伟林,2011.中国近海油气勘探的回顾与思考.中国工程科学,13(5):4-9.
朱伟林,张功成,高乐,2008.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气地质特征与勘探方向.石油学报,29(1):1-9.
Clift,P.D.,Sun,Z.,2006.The sedimentary and tectonic evolu-tion of the Yinggehai-Song Hong basin and the southern Hainan margin,South China Sea:implications for Tibetan uplift and monsoon intensification.Journal of Geophysical Research—Solid Earth,111:B06405.doi:10.1029/2005JB004048
Damuth,J.E.,1979.Migrating sediment waves created by turbidity currents in the northern South China basin.Geology,7(11):520-523.doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1979)7<520:MSWCBT>2.0.CO;2
Gong,Z.S.,2004.Neotectonics and petroleum accumulation in offshore Chinese basins.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,29(5):513-517(in Chinese with English abstract).
He,Y.L.,Xie,X.N.,Li,J.L.,et al.,2010.Depositional characteristics and controlling factors of continental slope system in the Qiongdongnan basin.Geological Science and Technology Information,29(2):118-122(in Chinese with English abstract).
He,Y.L.,Xie,X.N.,Lu,Y.C.,et al.,2011.Architecture and characteristics of mass transport deposites(MTDs) in Qiongdongnan basin in northern South China Sea.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geo-sciences,36(5):905-913(in Chinese with English ab-stract).
Hodgson,D.M.,Di Celma,C.N.,Brunt,R.L.,et al.,2011.Submarine slope degradation and aggradation and thestratigraphic evolution of channel-levee systems.Jour-nal of the Geological Society,168:625-628.doi:10.1144/0016-76492010-177
Kane,I.A.,McCaffrey,W.D.,Peakall,J.,et al.,2010.Sub-marine channel levee shape and sediment waves fromphysical experiments.Sedimentary Geology,223(1-)::/j.sedgeo.2009.11.001
Kneller,B.,2003.The influence of flow parameters on turbi-dite slope channel architecture.Marine and PetroleumGeology,20(6-8):901-910.doi:10.1016/j.marpet-geo.2003.03.001
Li,S.T.,Lin,C.S.,Zhang,Q.M.,et al.,1998.The dynamicprocess of episodic rifting and the tectonic event from10Ma in the northern continental margin basin of SouthChina Sea.Science Bulletin,43(8):797-810(in Chi-nese with English abstract).
Masson,D.G.,Howe,J.A.,Stoker,M.S.,2002.Bottom-cur-rent sediment waves,sediment drifts and contourites in thenorthern Rockall trough.Marine Geology,192(1-3):215-237.doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00556-X
McHargue,T.,Pyrcz,M.J.,Sullivan,M.D.,et al.,2011.Architecture of turbidite channel systems on the conti-nental slope:patterns and predictions.Marine and Pe-troleum Geology,28(3):728-743.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.07.008
Mullins,H.T.,Keller,G.H.,Kofoed,J.W.,et al.,1982.Geology of great Abaco submarine canyon(Blake plat-eau):observations from the research submersible.Ma-rine Geology,48(3-4):239-257.doi:10.1016/0025-3227(82)90099-8
Normark,W.R.,Piper,D.J.W.,Posamentier,H.,et al.,2002.Variability in form and growth of sediment waveson turbidite channel levees.Marine Geology,192(1-3):23-58.doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00548-0
Pang,X.,Shen,J.,Yuan,L.Z.,et al.,2006.Petroleum pros-pect in deep-water fan system of the Pearl River in theSouth China Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica,27(3):11-16,21(in Chinese with English abstract).
Piper,D.J.W.,2005.Late Cenozoic evolution of the conti-nental margin of eastern Canada.Norwegian Journalof Geology,85:305-318.
Posamentier,H.W.,Kolla,V.,2003.Seismic geomorphologyand stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-watersettings.Journal of Sedimentary Research,73(3):367-388.doi:10.1306/111302730367
Shao,L.,Li,X.H.,Wei,G.J.,et al.,2001.Provenance of aprominenta sediment drift on the northern slope of theSouth China Sea.Science in China(Ser.D),31(10):828-833(in Chinese).
Stow,D.A.V.,Mayall,M.,2000.Deep-water sedimentarysystems:new models for the 21st century.Marine andPetroleum Geology,17(2):125-135.doi:10.1016/S0264-8172(99)00064-1
Su,M.,Li,J.L.,Jiang,T.,et al.,2009.Morphological fea-tures and formation mechanism of Central Canyon inthe Qiongdongnan basin,northern South China Sea.Marine Geology &Quaternary Geology,29(4):85-93(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sultan,N.,Cochonat,P.,Canals,M.,et al.,2004.Trigge-ring mechanisms of slope instability processes and sedi-ment failures on continental margins:ageotechnical ap-proach.Marine Geology,213(1-4):291-321.doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2004.10.011
Wang,Z.F.,Li,X.S.,Sun,Z.P.,et al.,2011.Hydrocarbonaccumulation conditions and exploration potential in thedeep-water region,Qiongdongnan basin.China Off-shore Oil and Gas,23(1):7-13,31(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
Wynn,R.B.,Piper,D.J.W.,Gee,M.J.R.,2002.Generationand migration of coarse-grained sediment waves in tur-bidity current channels and channel-lobe transitionzones.Marine Geology,192(1-3):59-78.doi:10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00549-2
Xie,X.N.,Muller,R.D.,Li,S.T.,et al.,2006.Origin ofanomalous subsidence along the northern South ChinaSea margin and its relationship to dynamic topography.Marine and Petroleum Geology,23(7):745-765.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2006.03.004
Xie,X.N.,Muller,R.D.,Ren,J.Y.,et al.,2008.Strati-graphic architecture and evolution of the continentalslope system in offshore Hainan,northern South ChinaSea.Marine Geology,247(3-4):129-144.doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2007.08.005
Zhu,W.L.,2011.China offshore oil and gas exploration:re-view and thinking.Engineering Sciences,13(5):4-9(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu,W.L.,Zhang,G.C.,Gao,L.,2008.Geological charac-teristics and exploration objectives of hydrocarbons inthe northern continental margin basin of South ChinaSea.Acta Petrolei Sinica,29(1):1-9(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
龚再升,2004.中国近海含油气盆地新构造运动与油气成藏.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,29(5):513-517.
何云龙,解习农,李俊良,等,2010.琼东南盆地陆坡体系发育特征及其控制因素.地质科技情报,29(2):118-122.
何云龙,解习农,陆永潮,等,2011.琼东南盆地深水块体流构成及其沉积特征.地球科学——中国地质大学学报,36(5):905-913.
李思田,林畅松,张启明,等,1998.南海北部大陆边缘盆地幕式裂陷的动力过程及10Ma以来的构造事件.科学通报,43(8):797-810.
庞雄,申俊,袁立忠,等,2006.南海珠江深水扇系统及其油气勘探前景.石油学报,27(3):11-16,21.
邵磊,李献华,韦刚健,等,2001.南海陆坡高速堆积体的物质来源.中国科学(D辑),31(10):828-833.
苏明,李俊良,姜涛,等,2009.琼东南盆地中央峡谷的形态及成因.海洋地质与第四纪地质,29(4):85-93.
王振峰,李绪深,孙志鹏,等,2011.琼东南盆地深水区油气成藏条件和勘探潜力.中国海上油气,23(1):7-13,31.
朱伟林,2011.中国近海油气勘探的回顾与思考.中国工程科学,13(5):4-9.
朱伟林,张功成,高乐,2008.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气地质特征与勘探方向.石油学报,29(1):1-9.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心