CO_2地质埋存监测技术及其应用分析
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摘要
对CO2地质埋存监测目的和意义进行阐述,对地震、重力测试、井流体取样、示踪剂及CO2泄露等主要监测技术的原理、特点和应用进行分析,监测系统及相应的监测技术可对储层、盖层和周围环境进行描述,概括总结监测技术的研究进展和发展趋势。结果表明:示踪剂、井流体取样和测井技术是监测储层内流体运移和CO2状态以及油藏和井完整性的有效手段;土壤气体分析和大气监测能够有效地监测CO2泄漏和地表环境,监测系统的优化设计要结合监测目的和储层条件,根据现有的技术水平及应用经验合理筛选监测技术,可以经济有效安全地对注入CO2的状态和泄漏进行监测。
The purpose and importance of various monitoring methods that can be used in different stages of the CO2 storage process were addressed.Different monitoring mechanisms and corresponding techniques were described.The monitoring on CO2 storage can be applied to different systems including reservoir,sub-surface and surrounding environment,and various techniques such as 4D seismic,gravity metering,soil gas sampling,well fluid sampling and gas tracers can be used.The advantages and limitations of these techniques were analyzed along with field application experience.The results show that gas tracer,well fluid sampling and logging can be used to track the fluid migration and CO2 state in conjunction with verifying well & reservoir integrity,while soil gas and atmosphere measurements are effective to monitor the CO2 leakage and subsurface environment.The selection of monitoring techniques should take the purpose of monitoring and reservoir conditions into consideration.Technically effective,safe and economic monitoring programs can be designed based on the techniques currently available and field experience gained from previous and current demonstration projects.
The purpose and importance of various monitoring methods that can be used in different stages of the CO2 storage process were addressed.Different monitoring mechanisms and corresponding techniques were described.The monitoring on CO2 storage can be applied to different systems including reservoir,sub-surface and surrounding environment,and various techniques such as 4D seismic,gravity metering,soil gas sampling,well fluid sampling and gas tracers can be used.The advantages and limitations of these techniques were analyzed along with field application experience.The results show that gas tracer,well fluid sampling and logging can be used to track the fluid migration and CO2 state in conjunction with verifying well & reservoir integrity,while soil gas and atmosphere measurements are effective to monitor the CO2 leakage and subsurface environment.The selection of monitoring techniques should take the purpose of monitoring and reservoir conditions into consideration.Technically effective,safe and economic monitoring programs can be designed based on the techniques currently available and field experience gained from previous and current demonstration projects.
引文
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[23]MAJER E L,DALEY T M,KORNEEV V,et al.Cost-effective imaging of CO2 injection with borehole seismicmethods[J].The Leading edge,2006,25(10):1290-1302.
[24]FREIFELD B M,TRAUTZ R C,YOUSIF K K,et al.The U-Tube:a novel system for acquiring borehole fluidsamples from a deep geologic CO2 sequestration experi-ment[J].J of Geophysical Research,2005,110(B10):203-229.
[25]JONES D G,BARLOW T,BEAUBIEN S E,et al.Newand established techniques for surface gas monitoring atonshore CO2 storage sites[J].Energy Procedia,2009,1(1):2127-2134.
[26]HUMPHRIES S D,NEHRIR A R,KEITH C J,et al.Testing carbon sequestration site monitor instruments u-sing a controlled carbon dioxide release facility[J].Applied Optics,2008,47(4):548-555.
[2]任韶然,张莉,张亮.CO2地质埋存:国外示范工程及其对中国的启示[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,34(1):93-98.REN Shao-ran,ZHANG Li,ZHANG Liang.Geologicalstorage of CO2:overseas demonstration projects and itsimplications to China[J].Journal of China University ofPetroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2010,34(1):93-98.
[3]LITYNSKI J T,PLASKYNSKI S,MCILVRIED H G,etal.The United States Department of energys regional car-bon sequestration partnerships program validation phase[J].Environment International,2008,34(1):127-138.
[4]PAWAR R,LORENZ J,BYRER C,et al.Sequestrationof CO2 in a depleted sandstone oil reservoir:results of afield demonstration test:8th international conference onGreenhouse Gas Control technologies,2006[C].Nor-way,2006.
[5]MONEA M,KNUDSEN R,WORTH K,et al.Consider-ations for monitoring,mitigation,and verification for GSof CO2[J].Geophysical Monograph,2009,183:303-316.
[6]YORDKAYHUN S,TRYGGVASON A,NORDEN B,etal.3D seismic travel time tomography imaging of theshallow subsurface at the CO2 SINK project site,Ketzin,Germany[J].Geophysics,2009,74(1):1-15.
[7]WILSON M,MONEA M.IEA GHG Weyburn CO2Moni-toring&storage operation summary report 2000-2004[R].ISBN 0-9736290-0-2,2004.
[8]GUNTER B,GROBE M,CHALATURNYK R,et al.Pembina cardium CO2 monitoring pilot,A CO2-EOR pro-ject,Alberta,Canada[R].ISBN 13:9780968084458,2009.
[9]KIKUTA K,HONGO S,TANASE D,et al.Field test ofCO2 injection in Nagaoka,Japan[M]//RUBIN E S,KEITH D W,GILBOY C F.Greenhouse Gas ControlTechnologies.Oxford:Elsevier Science Ltd,2005:1367-1372.
[10]HOVORKA S D,BENSON S M,DOUGHTY C,et al.Measuring permanence of CO2 storage in saline forma-tions:the Frio experiment[J].Environmental Geosci-ences,2006,13(2):105-121.
[11]LAWTON D,ALSHUHAIL A,COUESLAN M,et al.Pembina cardium CO2 monitoring project,Alberta,Can-ada:time-lapse seismic analysis-lessons learned[J].Energy Procedia,2009,1(1):2235-2242.
[12]DODDS K,DALEY T,FRIEFELD B,et al.Develo-ping a monitoring and verification plan with reference tothe Australian Otway CO2 pilot project[J].The Lead-ing Edge,2009,28(7):812-818.
[13]MATHIESON A,MIDGLEY J,DODDS K,et al.CO2Sequestration monitoring and verification technologiesapplied at Krechba,Algeria[J].The Leading Edge,2010,29(2):216-222.
[14]WILDENBORG T,BENTHAM M,CHADWICK A,etal.Large-scale CO2 injection demos for the developmentof monitoring and verification technology and guidelines(CO2ReMoVe)[J].Energy Procedia,2009,1(1):2367-2374.
[15]NOONER S,ZUMBERGE M,EIKEN O,et al.Con-straining the density of CO2 within the Utsira formationusing time-lapse gravity measurements:proceedings ofthe 8th international conference on Greenhouse GasControl technologies[C].Norway,2006:1-6.
[16]TSENG H W,LEE K H.Three dimensional interpreta-tions of single-well electromagnetic data for geothermalapplications:proceedings of twenty-Ninth workshop ongeothermal reservoir engineering stanford university[C].USA,2004.
[17]FREIFELDA B M,DALEYA T M,HOVORKAB S D,et al.Recent advances in well-based monitoring of CO2sequestration[J].Energy Procedia,2009,1(1):2277-2284.
[18]EMBERLEY S,HUTCHEON I,SHEVALIER M,et al.Monitoring of fluid-rock interaction and CO2 storagethrough produced fluid sampling at the Weyburn CO2-in-jection enhanced oil recovery site,Saskatchewan,Cana-da[J].Applied Geochemistry,2005,20(6):1131-1157.
[19]MCALLUM S D,PHELPS T J,RIESTENBERG D E,etal.Interpretation of per-fluorocarbon tracer data collect-ed during the Frio CO2 sequestration test:poster presen-ted at AGU Fall Meeting[C].USA,2005.
[20]KLUSMAN R W.Rate measurements and detection ofgas micro-seepage to the atmosphere from an enhancedoil recovery/sequestration project:Rangely,Colorado,USA[J].Applied Geochemistry,2003,18(12):1825-1838.
[21]LEWICKI J L,BIRKHOLZER J,TSANG C.Naturaland industrial analogues for release of CO2 from storagereservoirs:identification of features,events,andprocesses and lessons learned[R].DE-AC02-05CH11231,2006
[22]DALEY T M,SOLBAU R D,AJO-FRANKLIN J B,etal.Continuous active-source monitoring of CO2 injectionin a brine aquifer[J].Geophysics,2007,72(5):57-61.
[23]MAJER E L,DALEY T M,KORNEEV V,et al.Cost-effective imaging of CO2 injection with borehole seismicmethods[J].The Leading edge,2006,25(10):1290-1302.
[24]FREIFELD B M,TRAUTZ R C,YOUSIF K K,et al.The U-Tube:a novel system for acquiring borehole fluidsamples from a deep geologic CO2 sequestration experi-ment[J].J of Geophysical Research,2005,110(B10):203-229.
[25]JONES D G,BARLOW T,BEAUBIEN S E,et al.Newand established techniques for surface gas monitoring atonshore CO2 storage sites[J].Energy Procedia,2009,1(1):2127-2134.
[26]HUMPHRIES S D,NEHRIR A R,KEITH C J,et al.Testing carbon sequestration site monitor instruments u-sing a controlled carbon dioxide release facility[J].Applied Optics,2008,47(4):548-555.
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