强震作用下山体崩塌破坏有限元分析
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摘要
基于汶川大地震下,山体边坡发生大规模塌滑等地质灾害的现状,为了深入研究山体在强震动力作用下进入非线性状态并开裂破坏的力学机理,通过理论研究从拉张破裂的角度对山体崩塌机制进行分析,并给出拉张判据。用有限元开发程序对山体边坡在强震动力作用下拉张破坏进行数值模拟,并与振动平台相似材料实验下的监测结果对比分析。表明,强震荷载激励下,岩石第一主(拉)应力极易达到其抗拉强度,则岩体优先发生拉张破裂。在强震动力作用过程中,拉张破裂不断积累,即在松动区的松散程度和松散范围不断增大,形成山体塌滑趋势。揭示了山体边坡从连续介质状态开始崩塌破裂的发生机制,为后续进行复杂的山体破坏力学研究提供依据。
Based on the situation that geological hazards occurred,such as large-scale landslide of mountain slope,due to the Wenchuan Earthquake,and in order to further study the mechanical mechanism of mountain body entering the nonlinear state with cracking destruction under strong earthquake,we analyzed the collapse mechanism of mountain body from the perspective of tension fracture through theoretical study and the tensile fracture criterion.The finite element program is developed to simulate tensile fracture process of mountain body under strong earthquake,and the results are comparaed with the monitoring results from the similar material test by the vibration platform.The following conclusions can be drawn: the first principal(tensile)stress is greater than or equal to the tensile strength of rock easily under the motivation of strong earthquake,thuse tension fracture of rock firstly occurs;The tensile fracture region cumulates continuously during earthquake dynamic,which means the loose degree and the loose range become increase,forming a trend of collapse.It reveals the occurrence mechanism of mountain slope which begins to collapse in the state of continuous medium,and provids theoretical basis for making subsequent research on the complicated failure mechanics of mountain body.
Based on the situation that geological hazards occurred,such as large-scale landslide of mountain slope,due to the Wenchuan Earthquake,and in order to further study the mechanical mechanism of mountain body entering the nonlinear state with cracking destruction under strong earthquake,we analyzed the collapse mechanism of mountain body from the perspective of tension fracture through theoretical study and the tensile fracture criterion.The finite element program is developed to simulate tensile fracture process of mountain body under strong earthquake,and the results are comparaed with the monitoring results from the similar material test by the vibration platform.The following conclusions can be drawn: the first principal(tensile)stress is greater than or equal to the tensile strength of rock easily under the motivation of strong earthquake,thuse tension fracture of rock firstly occurs;The tensile fracture region cumulates continuously during earthquake dynamic,which means the loose degree and the loose range become increase,forming a trend of collapse.It reveals the occurrence mechanism of mountain slope which begins to collapse in the state of continuous medium,and provids theoretical basis for making subsequent research on the complicated failure mechanics of mountain body.
引文
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[2]尹紫红.地震作用下的滑坡稳定性分析[硕士学位论文][D].成都:西南交通大学,2006.YIN Zihong.Dynamic and stability of landslide underearthquake loading[M.S.Thesis][D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2006.
[3]俞裕泰.数值解及解析解在岩体工程中的应用[J].岩土力学,1989,(2).31-40.YU Yutai.Application of numerical and analyticalmethods to geotechnical engineering[J].Rock and SoilMechanics 1989,(2).31-40.
[4]李天斌.岩质工程高边坡稳定性及其控制的系统研究[硕士学位论文][D].成都:成都理工大学,2002.LI Tianbin.Systematical research on the stability of highrock engineering slopes and its control[M.S.Thesis][D].Chengdu:Chengdu university of technology 2002.
[5]姚颖康.岩质高陡边坡不稳定体失稳机理与预测模型研究[硕士学位论文][D].北京:中国地质大学,2008.YAO Yingkang.Study on Failure Mechanism andForecasting Models of Instability of High Rock Slope[M.S.Thesis][D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2008.
[6]王来贵,赵娜,周永发,等.岩石受拉破坏的数值模拟方法[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007,26(2):198-200.WANG Laigui,ZHAO Na,ZHOU Yongfa,et al.Numericalsimulation method of rock bearing tension damage[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(NaturalScience),2007,26(2):198-200.
[7]邱峰,丁桦.模拟岩石材料破坏的有限元方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(S1):2663-2668.QIU Feng,DING Hua.Finite element method simulatingfailure of rock material[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.1):2663-2668.
[8]王来贵,赵娜,初影,等.不同面积载荷作用下的岩石试件破裂数值模拟[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2007,23(6):918-921.WANG Laigui,ZHAO Na,CHU Ying,et al.Numericalsimulation of rock fracture under action of different arealoading[J].Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University(Natural Science),2007,23(6):918-921.
[9]郭子红,刘保县,徐珂,等.单轴压力作用下岩石破坏机制分析与应用[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2007,18(2):94-96.GUO Zihong,LIU Baoxian,XU Ke,et al.Analysis andapplication of rock damage mechanism under uniaxialcompression[J].Journal of Geological Hazards andEnvironment Preservation,2007,18(2):94-96.
[10]刘刚,赵坚,宋宏伟.节理分布对岩体破坏影响的数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(1):17-22.LIU Gang,ZHAO Jian,SONG Hongwei.Numericalsimulation of influence of joint distributions on failures ofrock mass[J].Journal of China University of Mining andTechnology,2007,36(1):17-22.
[11]WANG L G,ZHAO N,ZHANG L L,et al.Numericalsimulation of rock fracture process under tension[C]//International Young Scholar Symposium on RockMechanics.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2008:425-429.
[12]ZHAO N,WANG L G,ZHOU Y F.Finite elementnumerical simulation of coal roof tension damage in thegob[C]//The Third International Symposium on ModernMining and Safety Technology.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2008:588-592.
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