吐哈盆地台北凹陷北部山前带构造样式与油气成藏
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摘要
台北凹陷北部山前带是吐哈盆地重要的富油气构造带之一。基于地震剖面解释和已发现油气藏的解剖工作,将山前带地质结构划分为6种构造样式:逆冲叠瓦构造、叠瓦扇构造、对冲构造、冲起构造、前冲构造及双重构造。对构造样式平面展布规律的研究发现,本区受3级不同规模的构造转换带控制,形成了纵向分带、横向分区的构造格局,按照构造变形机制可将冲断-褶皱带划分为逆冲推覆带、断阶带和冲断前缘带。变形带前缘是山前带最为有利的油气富集区,具变形带前缘冲起构造成藏模式和变形带前缘叠瓦扇构造成藏模式2种成藏模式;变形带后缘的对冲构造保存条件好,下盘是潜在的烃源灶发育区,且断层倾角陡、砂体连通性好,是下一步油气勘探的有利构造带。
The northern piedmont belt of the Taibei Sag is one of the oil-rich structural belts in the Turpan-Hami Basin.Based on the interpretation of seismic cross sections and the analyses of discovered hydrocarbon accumulations,the geologic structure can be divided into six structural styles,thrust-imbricate structure,imbricate fan structure,thrust-opposite structure,pop-up structure,forward thrust structure and duplex structure.According to the study of the distribution regularity of the structural styles,the fold-thrust belt controlled by three levels tectonic transform zones is characterized by zonation from the south to the north and segmentation from the west to the east,and it can be classified into thrust-nappe belt,breaking belt and frontal belt by mechanism of tectonic deformation.The leading edge with two accumulation forming models which are the leading edge pop-up model and the leading edge imbricate fan model is the most favorable hydrocarbon enriched belt in the northern margin of the Taibei Sag.The thrust-opposite structures in the rear edge of the deformable zone have good preservation,potential source kitchen on the footwall,higher fault dip,and good communication of sandbodies.They are the next favorable exploration structures.
The northern piedmont belt of the Taibei Sag is one of the oil-rich structural belts in the Turpan-Hami Basin.Based on the interpretation of seismic cross sections and the analyses of discovered hydrocarbon accumulations,the geologic structure can be divided into six structural styles,thrust-imbricate structure,imbricate fan structure,thrust-opposite structure,pop-up structure,forward thrust structure and duplex structure.According to the study of the distribution regularity of the structural styles,the fold-thrust belt controlled by three levels tectonic transform zones is characterized by zonation from the south to the north and segmentation from the west to the east,and it can be classified into thrust-nappe belt,breaking belt and frontal belt by mechanism of tectonic deformation.The leading edge with two accumulation forming models which are the leading edge pop-up model and the leading edge imbricate fan model is the most favorable hydrocarbon enriched belt in the northern margin of the Taibei Sag.The thrust-opposite structures in the rear edge of the deformable zone have good preservation,potential source kitchen on the footwall,higher fault dip,and good communication of sandbodies.They are the next favorable exploration structures.
引文
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[30]汪新伟,汪新文,马永生.准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱-冲断带的构造变换带特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(3):345-354.Wang Xinwei,Wang Xinwen,Ma Yongsheng.Characteristics of structure transform zones in the fold-thrust belts on the southern margin of Junggar basin,Northwest China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(3):345-354.
[31]吕延防,付广.断层封闭性研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.LüYanfang,Fu Guang.Study of fault sealing[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002.
[32]徐安娜,董月霞,韩大匡,等.地震、测井和地质综合一体化油藏描述与评价:以南堡1号构造东营组一段油藏为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(5):541-551.Xu Anna,Dong Yuexia,Han Dakuang,et al.Integrated description and evaluation of reservoirs based on seismic,logging and geological data:Taking Dongying Formation Member1oil reservoir of No.1structure,Nanpu Sag as an example[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(5):541-551.
[2]刘云冬,邓勇,王志江,等.吐哈盆地北部山前带西段地质结构分析与油气远景预测[J].石油地质与工程,2008,22(4):27-32.Liu Yundong,Deng Yong,Wang Zhijiang,et al.Analysis on geologic framework and hydrocarbon potential prediction of west mountain front in northern Tuha basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2008,22(4):27-32.
[3]刘志宏,卢华复,贾承造,等.库车再生前陆逆冲带造山运动时间、断层滑移速率的厘定及其意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(1):12-15.Liu Zhihong,Lu Huafu,Jia Chengzao,et al.Orogeny timing and fault-slip rate and their significance to the rejuvenated foreland thrusts belt of Kuqa[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2000,27(1):12-15.
[4]戴俊生,曹代勇.柴达木盆地构造样式的类型和展布[J].西北地质科学,2000,21(2):57-63.Dai Junsheng,Cao Daiyong.The type and distribution of structural style in Qaidam basin[J].Northwest Geoscience,2000,21(2):57-63.
[5]童亨茂,纪洪勇,宋立忠,等.伊通地堑构造样式及其油气分布规律[J].西安石油学院学报:自然科学版,2002,17(5):9-13.Tong Hengmao,Ji Hongyong,Song Lizhong,et al.Tectonic styles and oil-gas distribution in Yitong graben[J].Journal of Xi’an Petroleum Institute:Natural Science Edition,2002,17(5):9-13.
[6]王磊,吕双兵,朱映康.准噶尔盆地南缘的构造样式与圈闭作用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(6):24-31.Wang Lei,LüShuangbing,Zhu Yingkang.Structural pattern of thrust-fold zone in southern Junggar foreland basin and effect on the formation of traps[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2007,31(6):24-31.
[7]王桂宏,马达德,张启全,等.柴达木盆地北缘盆山构造关系与油气勘探方向[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6):668-673.Wang Guihong,Ma Dade,Zhang Qiquan,et al.Basin-mountain tectonic pattern and hydrocarbon exploration domain in north margin of Qaidam Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(6):668-673.
[8]王国林.红海盆地Tokar地区构造成因与圈闭样式[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(4):475-479.Wang Guolin.Tectonic origin and structural styles in Tokar area,Red Sea Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(4):475-479.
[9]罗群.断裂控烃理论的概念、原理、模式与意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(3):316-324.Luo Qun.Concept,principle,model and significance of the fault controlling hydrocarbon theory[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(3):316-324.
[10]袁明生,牛仁杰,焦立新,等.吐哈盆地前陆冲断带地质特征及勘探成果[J].新疆石油地质,2002,23(5):376-379.Yuan Mingsheng,Niu Renjie,Jiao Lixin,et al.Geology characteristic and exploration of foreland thrust belt in Tuha Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2002,23(5):376-379.
[11]周鼎武,柳益群,邢秀娟,等.新疆吐-哈、三塘湖盆地二叠纪玄武岩形成古构造环境恢复及区域构造背景示踪[J].中国科学:D辑,2006,36(2):143-153.Zhou Dingwu,Liu Yiqun,Xing Xiujuan,et al.The restoration of palaeostructure and tracing of structural setting of Permian basalt in Tuha Basin and Santanghu Basin[J].Science in China:Series D,2006,36(2):143-153.
[12]魏红兴.博格达山南缘构造特征及其形成演化[D].西安:西北大学,2007.Wei Hongxing.The structural characteristics and evolution of orogenic belt in southern Bogda[D].Xi’an:Northwestern University,2007.
[13]孙国智,柳益群.新疆博格达山隆升时间初步分析[J].沉积学报,2009,27(3):487-493.Sun Guozhi,Liu Yiqun.The preliminary analysis of the uplift time of Bogda Mountain,Xinjiang,Northwest China[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(3):487-493.
[14]王宗秀,李涛,周高志,等.博格达山晚石炭纪造山活动的变形地质记录[J].地学前缘,2003,10(1):63-69.Wang Zongxiu,Li Tao,Zhou Gaozhi,et al.Geological record of the Late Carboniferous orogeny in Bogedashan,Northern Tianshan Mountains,Northwest China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2003,10(1):63-69.
[15]王宗秀,李涛.新疆博格达山链新生代再生造山机理:岩石圈内切层“开”“合”造山带的典型代表[J].地质通报,2004,23(3):286-293.Wang Zongxiu,Li Tao.Mechanism of Cenozoic revival orogeny in the Bogda mountain chain,Xinjiang[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2004,23(3):286-293.
[16]杨克绳.中国含油气盆地结构和构造样式地震解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.Yang Keshen.Composition and structural style seismic interpretation of petroliferous basin in China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006.
[17]郑民,彭更新,雷刚林,等.库车坳陷乌什凹陷构造样式及对油气的控制[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(4):444-451.Zheng Min,Peng Gengxin,Lei Ganglin,et al.Structural pattern and its control on hydrocarbon accumulations in Wushi Sag,Kuche Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(4):444-451.
[18]Wernicke B,Burchfiel B C.Modes of extensional tectonics[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1982,4:104-115.
[19]周天伟,翟瑞国.渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷构造样式成因与控油作用试验研究[J].石油天然气学报,2008,30(2):10-15.Zhou Tianwei,Zhai Ruiguo.Genesis and control of structural style of Nanpu Depression in Bohai Bay Basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2008,30(2):10-15.
[20]Allen P A,Allen J R.Basin analysis,principle and application[M].London:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1990.
[21]Kang Yuzhu,Kang Zhihong.Tectonic evolution and oil and gas of Tarim basin[J].Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences,1996,13(3):317-325.
[22]Chen Shuping,Tang Liangjie,Jin Zhijun,et al.Thrust and fold tectonics and the role of evaporates in deformation in the Western Kuqa Foreland of Tarim Basin,Northwest China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21:1027-1042.
[23]Jin Zhijun,Yang Minghui,Lu Xiuxiang,et al.Tectonics and petroleum system of the Qiulitagh fold and thrust belt,northern Tarim basin,NW China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2008,25(8):767-777.
[24]漆家福,夏义平,杨桥.油区构造解析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.Qi Jiafu,Xia Yiping,Yang Qiao.Analysis of oil region structure[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006.
[25]梁慧社,张建珍,夏义平.平衡剖面技术及其在油气勘探中的应用[M].北京:地震出版社,2002.Liang Huishe,Zhang Jianzhen,Xia Yiping.Balanced section technique and its application for exploration activity[M].Beijing:Seismic Press,2002.
[26]赵文智,邹才能,宋岩,等.石油地质理论与方法进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.Zhao Wenzhi,Zou Caineng,Song Yan,et al.Petroleum geology theory and approach progress[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2006.
[27]管树巍,陈竹新,李本亮,等.再论库车克拉苏深部构造的性质与解释模型[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(5):531-536,551.Guan Shuwei,Chen Zhuxin,Li Benliang,et al.Discussions on the character and interpretation model of Kelasu deep structures in the Kuqa area[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(5):531-536,551.
[28]Dahlstorm C D A.Balanced cross-section[J].Canada Journal of Earth Science,1969,6(4):743-757.
[29]Morley C K,Nelson R A,Patton T L.Transfer zones in the East Africa Rift system and their relevance to hydrocarbon exploration in rifts[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(8):1234-1253.
[30]汪新伟,汪新文,马永生.准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱-冲断带的构造变换带特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(3):345-354.Wang Xinwei,Wang Xinwen,Ma Yongsheng.Characteristics of structure transform zones in the fold-thrust belts on the southern margin of Junggar basin,Northwest China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(3):345-354.
[31]吕延防,付广.断层封闭性研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.LüYanfang,Fu Guang.Study of fault sealing[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002.
[32]徐安娜,董月霞,韩大匡,等.地震、测井和地质综合一体化油藏描述与评价:以南堡1号构造东营组一段油藏为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(5):541-551.Xu Anna,Dong Yuexia,Han Dakuang,et al.Integrated description and evaluation of reservoirs based on seismic,logging and geological data:Taking Dongying Formation Member1oil reservoir of No.1structure,Nanpu Sag as an example[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(5):541-551.
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