华南岩石圈三维结构
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摘要
从穿过华南陆块的6条P波地震层析剖面出发,综合引用海量出版物中部分成果,对华南岩石圈三维结构作了初步探讨。以川湘黔裂陷槽和钦杭断裂为界,可以将华南岩石圈分成三大部分。在钦杭断裂东南为华夏岩石圈。它是东南亚西太平洋低速带的一部分,它与东南亚西太平洋低速带的其他地区的共同特点是它们的岩石圈地幔都受到软流圈物质上升而被改造。部分地区幔源物质侵入地壳,形成丰富的矿藏。川湘黔裂陷槽以西的地区为上扬子岩石圈。它在地表是一个热块体,但在深部有延伸超过200 km的高速基底。上扬子岩石圈受到其西攀西地幔柱的改造,在壳幔过渡带产生峨眉山岩浆房,在古生代末曾引发玄武岩的大面积喷发,至今仍在滇西留有岩浆房,并产生丰富的热泉。在川湘黔裂陷槽与钦杭断裂之间的是中扬子岩石圈。中扬子在地表是一个冷块体,在湘中实测热流值低到小于20 mW m-2,根据热流值计算得到的岩石圈厚度达到300 km。具有低速、低电阻率特征。根据大地电磁测深得到的结果也与地热流计算得到的相似。
Starting with 6 P wave tomography profiles across the South China block,the authors approached 3D structure of the South China lithosphere.The South China block can be divided into three parts bounded by Qin-Hang fault zone and Chuan-Xiang-Gui rift.To the southeast of Qin-Hang fault zone there is Cathaysia lithosphere which is a part of the SE Asia-West Pacific low velocity lithosphere,formed by intrusive uplifting of ashenospheric materials.To the west of Chuan-Xiang-Gui rift is the Upper Yangtze lithosphere,which is hot near the surface but has a high velocity root at depth.On the west part of upper Yangtze block,Paleozoic mantle plume in the Panxi area formed a magma chamber at the crust-mantle transformed zone,resulting in basalt eruption in vast areas.Between the Chuan-Xiang-Gui rift and the Qin-Hang fault zone is mid-Yangtze lithosphere,which is cold and whose resistivity is low.The thickness calculated by heat flow and magnetotelluric sounding reached 300 km.
Starting with 6 P wave tomography profiles across the South China block,the authors approached 3D structure of the South China lithosphere.The South China block can be divided into three parts bounded by Qin-Hang fault zone and Chuan-Xiang-Gui rift.To the southeast of Qin-Hang fault zone there is Cathaysia lithosphere which is a part of the SE Asia-West Pacific low velocity lithosphere,formed by intrusive uplifting of ashenospheric materials.To the west of Chuan-Xiang-Gui rift is the Upper Yangtze lithosphere,which is hot near the surface but has a high velocity root at depth.On the west part of upper Yangtze block,Paleozoic mantle plume in the Panxi area formed a magma chamber at the crust-mantle transformed zone,resulting in basalt eruption in vast areas.Between the Chuan-Xiang-Gui rift and the Qin-Hang fault zone is mid-Yangtze lithosphere,which is cold and whose resistivity is low.The thickness calculated by heat flow and magnetotelluric sounding reached 300 km.
引文
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[19]朱士飞,秦勇,钱壮志,等.宾川—丽江地区二叠纪玄武岩岩石地球化学特征及其成因[J].地球科学与环境学报,2008,30(2):130-138.Zhu Shifei,QinYong,Qian Zhuangzhi,et al.Geochemicalcharacteristics and origin of Permian basalts in Binchuan-LijiangArea,Yunnan Province[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2008,30(2):130-138(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]黄汲清.中国主要地质构造单位[M].北京:地质出版社,1954.Huang Jiqing.China Main Structure Unit[M].Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,1954(in Chinese).
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[22]华仁民,毛景文.试论中国东部中生代成矿大爆发[J].矿床地质,1999,18(4):300-308.Hua Renmin,Mao Jingwen.A prelimenary discussion on theMesozoic metallogenic explosion in East China[J].Mineral Deposit,1999,18(4):300-308(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]Wang Qingchen,Liu Jinsong,Du Zhili,et al.Tectonic frameworkand deep structure of South China and their constraint to oil-gasfield distribution[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(1):180-178.
[24]李立.上地幔低阻层顶面深度图[C]//袁学诚主编.中国地球物理图集.北京:地质出版社,1996.Li Li.Depth of the resistivity layer in upper mantle[C]//YuanXuecheng(ed.).Atlas of Geophysics in China.Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,1996(in Chinese).
[2]陈毓川,等.中国成矿体系与区域成矿评价[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.Chen Yuchuan,et al.Chinese Mineralization System andAssessment of Regional Mineralization[M].Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,2007(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]Bird P.An updated digital model of plate boundaries[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2003,4(3),1027,doi:10,1029/2001GC000252.
[4]林中洋,等.青海门源—福建宁德断面[C]//国际岩石圈委员会全球地学断面计划编号GGT14;国际岩石圈委员会出版号ILP272.北京:地震出版社,1992.Lin Zhongyang,et al.Global Geoscience Transect 14:Menyuan,-Ningde.Beijing:Seismological Press,1992(in Chinese).
[5]孙武城,等.内蒙喀喇沁旗—湖北随县断面[C]//国际岩石圈委员会全球地学断面计划编号GGT15;国际岩石圈委员会出版号ILP273.北京:地震出版社,1992.Sun Wucheng,et al.Global Geoscience Transect 15:Harqin Qi-Suixian.Beijing:Seismological Press,1992(in Chinese).
[6]阚荣举,等.云南遮放—马龙断面.国际岩石圈委员会全球地学断面计划编号GGT16;国际岩石圈委员会出版号ILP274.北京:地震出版社,1992.Kan Rongju,et al.Global Geoscience Transect 16:Zhe Fang-Malong.Beijing:Seismological Press,1992(in Chinese).
[7]袁学诚,Egorov A S,GEMOC,等.北冰洋—欧亚大陆—台湾断面.国际岩石圈委员会全球地学断面计划编号GGT21;国际岩石圈委员会出版号ILP276.北京:科学出版社,2000.Yuan Xuecheng,Egorov A S,GEMOC,et al.A Short Introductionto Global Geoscience Transect 21:Arctic Ocean-Eurasia-PacificOcean.Beijing:Science Press,2000(in Chinese).
[8]Griffin W.Zhang L A,O’Reilly S Y,Ryan C G.Phanerozoicevolution of the lithosphere beneath the Sino-Korean craton[C]//AGU Geodynamic series,Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions inEast Asia,1996.
[9]袁学诚.秦岭岩石圈速度结构与蘑菇云构造模型[J].中国科学(D辑),1996,26,(3):209-215.Yuan Xuecheng.Velocity structure of the Qinling lithosphere andmushroom cloud model[J].Science in China(Series D),1996,36,(3):235-244(in Chinese).
[10]Lebedev S,Guust Nolet.Upper mantle beneath Southeast Asiafrom S velocity tomography[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,108,no.b1,2048,doi:10.1029/2000jb000073,2003.
[11]朱介寿,曹家敏,蔡学林,等.东亚及太平洋边缘海高分辨率面波层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(5):646-663.Zhu Jieshou.Cao Jiamin,Cai Xuelin,et al.High resolution surfacewave tomography in east Asia and west Pacific marginal sea[J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2002,45(5):679-698(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
[12]朱介寿,蔡学林,曹家敏,等.中国华南及东海地区岩石圈三维结构及演化[M].北京:地质出版社,2005.Zhu Jieshou,Cai Xuelin,Cao Jiamin,et al.The Three DimensionStructure of Lithosphere and Its Evolution in South China and EastChina Sea[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2005(inChinese).
[13]袁学诚.再论岩石圈地幔蘑菇云构造及其深部成因[J].中国地质,2007,34(5),737-758.Yuan Xuecheng,Mushroom structure of the lithospheric mantleand its genesis at depth:revisited[J].Geology in China,2007,34(5):737-758(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]葛肖虹,王敏沛,刘俊来.重新厘定“四川运动”与青藏高原初始隆升的时代、背景:黄陵背斜构造形成的启示[J].地学前缘,2010,17(4):206-217.Ge Xiaohong,Wang Minpei,Liu Junlai.Redefiling the Sichuanmovement and the age and background of Qingzang plateau’s firstuplift:The implication of Huangling anclicline and itsenlightenment[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(4):206-217(inChinese with English abstract).
[15]万战生,赵国泽,汤吉,等.青藏高原东边缘冕宁—宜宾剖面电第38卷第1期性结构及其构造意义[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(3):585-594.Wan Zhansheng,Zhao Guoze,Tang Ji,et al.The electric structureof the crust along Mianning-Yibin profile in the eastern edge ofTibetan plateau and its tectonic implications[J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2010,53(3):585-594(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]He Bin,Xu Yigang,Chung Sunling.Sedimentary evidence for arapid,kilometer-scale crustal doming prior to the eruption of theEmeishan flood basalts[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003,213:391-405.
[17]徐义刚,钟孙霖.峨眉山大火成省:地幔柱活动的证据及其熔融条件[J].地球化学,2001,30(1):1-9.Xu Yigang,Zhong Sunlin.The Emeishan large igneous province:evidence for mantle plume activity and melting conditions[J].Geochimica,2001,30(1):1-9(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]宋谢炎,侯增谦,曹志敏,等.峨眉山大火成岩省的岩石地球化学特征及时限[J].地质学报,2001,75(4):498-505.Song Xieyan,Hou Zengqian,Cao Zhimin,et al.Geochemicalcharacteristics and period of the emei igneous province[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2001,75(4):498-505(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
[19]朱士飞,秦勇,钱壮志,等.宾川—丽江地区二叠纪玄武岩岩石地球化学特征及其成因[J].地球科学与环境学报,2008,30(2):130-138.Zhu Shifei,QinYong,Qian Zhuangzhi,et al.Geochemicalcharacteristics and origin of Permian basalts in Binchuan-LijiangArea,Yunnan Province[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2008,30(2):130-138(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]黄汲清.中国主要地质构造单位[M].北京:地质出版社,1954.Huang Jiqing.China Main Structure Unit[M].Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,1954(in Chinese).
[21]许靖华,孙枢,李继亮.是华南造山带而不是华南地台[J].中国科学(B辑),1987,10:1107-1115.Xu Jinghua,Sun Shu,Li Jiliang.South China is an orogenic ratherthan a cratonic[J].Science in China(Series B),1987,10:1107-1115(in Chinese).
[22]华仁民,毛景文.试论中国东部中生代成矿大爆发[J].矿床地质,1999,18(4):300-308.Hua Renmin,Mao Jingwen.A prelimenary discussion on theMesozoic metallogenic explosion in East China[J].Mineral Deposit,1999,18(4):300-308(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]Wang Qingchen,Liu Jinsong,Du Zhili,et al.Tectonic frameworkand deep structure of South China and their constraint to oil-gasfield distribution[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(1):180-178.
[24]李立.上地幔低阻层顶面深度图[C]//袁学诚主编.中国地球物理图集.北京:地质出版社,1996.Li Li.Depth of the resistivity layer in upper mantle[C]//YuanXuecheng(ed.).Atlas of Geophysics in China.Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,1996(in Chinese).
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