砂岩油藏地震数据流体替换
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摘要
流体替换常用于计算油藏流体变化前后岩石弹性参数变化,是进行地震油藏描述与监测研究的关键步骤。流体替换需要孔隙度、岩石基质、流体属性和泥质含量等数据信息,因此目前往往只能在有测井数据的油藏部分进行流体替换,并通过地震数值模拟获取流体变化前后地震响应,从而进行地震属性分析与优化。为了扩大流体替换应用范围,提出利用地震资料直接进行流体替换。在确定油藏流体类型与岩石物理模型基础上,建立油藏地质模型,模拟油藏流体变化前后地震反射振幅峰值关系,并分析储层参数(包括孔隙度、储层厚度和泥质含量等)变化时该振幅关系变化特征。采用曲线拟合方式对该振幅峰值关系进行计算,得到可直接应用于地震数据的流体替换线性拟合方程,从而进行实际地震数据流体替换。基于胶结砂岩油藏岩石物理模型的模拟分析与实际资料应用试验,证明了基于地震数据流体替换的可行性。
Fluid substitution is commonly used to compute elastic property parameters of rocks before and after the variation of reservoir fluids,which is a key procedure in seismic reservoir characterization and monitoring.However,fluid substitution requires the information on parameters of rock porosity and matrix,fluid properties,clay content,etc.Therefore,at present fluid substitution can be only conducted on the part of a reservoir that has available log data,and the dynamic seismic response of fluid variations is obtained through seismic numerical simulation during seismic attribute analysis and optimization.In order to expand the application of fluid substitution,we proposed to directly conduct fluid substitution by utilizing seismic data,in which a geologic model of oil reservoirs was established to simulate the amplitude peak-value correlation of seismic reflection between wet and gas reservoirs according to the determination of reservoir fluid types and petrophysical models,and to characterize variations in the amplitude correlation dynamically with the change of reservoir parameters,including porosity,thickness and clay content.The correlation was calculated by means of curve fitting to obtain a linear equation of fluid substitution capable of the direct application to seismic data,achieving the fluid substitution of in-situ seismic date.Both the simulation analysis based on the petrophysical model of cemented-sand reservoirs and the application experiment of in-situ seismic data have proved the feasibility of directly conducting fluid substitution based on seismic data.
Fluid substitution is commonly used to compute elastic property parameters of rocks before and after the variation of reservoir fluids,which is a key procedure in seismic reservoir characterization and monitoring.However,fluid substitution requires the information on parameters of rock porosity and matrix,fluid properties,clay content,etc.Therefore,at present fluid substitution can be only conducted on the part of a reservoir that has available log data,and the dynamic seismic response of fluid variations is obtained through seismic numerical simulation during seismic attribute analysis and optimization.In order to expand the application of fluid substitution,we proposed to directly conduct fluid substitution by utilizing seismic data,in which a geologic model of oil reservoirs was established to simulate the amplitude peak-value correlation of seismic reflection between wet and gas reservoirs according to the determination of reservoir fluid types and petrophysical models,and to characterize variations in the amplitude correlation dynamically with the change of reservoir parameters,including porosity,thickness and clay content.The correlation was calculated by means of curve fitting to obtain a linear equation of fluid substitution capable of the direct application to seismic data,achieving the fluid substitution of in-situ seismic date.Both the simulation analysis based on the petrophysical model of cemented-sand reservoirs and the application experiment of in-situ seismic data have proved the feasibility of directly conducting fluid substitution based on seismic data.
引文
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[13]云美厚,高君,贺玉山,等.储层速度和密度与孔隙度、泥质含量以及含水饱和度的关系[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(2):104-107.Yun Meihou,Gao Jun,He Yushan,et al.Relations of velocityand density with porosity,clay content and water saturation inreservoirs[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(2):104-107.
[14]严科,杨少春,任怀强.储层宏观非均质性定量表征研究[J].石油学报,2008,29(6):870-874.Yan Ke,Yang Shaochun,Ren Huaiqiang.Research on quantita-tive characterization of macroscopic heterogeneity of reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(6):870-874.
[2]金龙,陈小宏,姜香云.利用地震资料定量反演孔隙度和饱和度的新方法[J].石油学报,2006,27(4):63-66.Jin Long,Chen Xiaohong,Jiang Xiangyun.Simultaneous inver-sion of porosity and saturation using seismic data[J].Acta Petro-lei Sinica,2006,27(4):63-66.
[3]李景叶,陈小宏.基于地震资料的储层流体识别[J].石油学报,2008,29(2):235-238.Li Jingye,Chen Xiaohong.Reservoir fluid identification based onseismic data[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(2):235-238.
[4]Taher M,Don C.Time-lapse multicomponent seismic modeling ofCO2fluid substitution in the Devonian Redwater reef,Alberta,Canada[J].The Leading Edge,2010,29(10):1266-1276.
[5]Vialle S,Vanorio T,Mavko G.Monitoring the changes of rockproperties in a micritic limestone upon injection of a CO2-richfluid[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2010:2692-2696.
[6]Jason M,Don C.Seismic characterization of a CO2flood in theArdley coals,Alberta,Canada[J].The Leading Edge,2009,28(7):820-825.
[7]Su Y,Tao Y,Wang T,et al.AVO attributes interpretation and i-dentification of lithological traps by prestack elastic parametersinversion:a case study in K Block,South Turgay Basin[C].SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2010:439-444.
[8]Singleton S,Keirstead R.Calibration of pre-stack simultaneousimpedance inversion using rock physics[C].SEG Technical Pro-gram Expanded Abstracts,2009:1815-1819.
[9]Gassmann F.Elasticity of porous media[J].Vierteljahrsschriftder Naturforschenden Gesselschaft,1951,96(1):1-23.
[10]Hashin Z,Shtrikman S.A variational approach to the elastic he-havior of multiphase materials[J].J.Mech.Phys.Solids,1963,11(2):127-140.
[11]Mavko G,Mukerji T,Dvorkin J.The rock physics handbook[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,2009:245-264.
[12]Batzle M,Wang Z.Seismic properties of pore fluids[J].Geo-physics,1992,57(11):1396-1408.
[13]云美厚,高君,贺玉山,等.储层速度和密度与孔隙度、泥质含量以及含水饱和度的关系[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(2):104-107.Yun Meihou,Gao Jun,He Yushan,et al.Relations of velocityand density with porosity,clay content and water saturation inreservoirs[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(2):104-107.
[14]严科,杨少春,任怀强.储层宏观非均质性定量表征研究[J].石油学报,2008,29(6):870-874.Yan Ke,Yang Shaochun,Ren Huaiqiang.Research on quantita-tive characterization of macroscopic heterogeneity of reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(6):870-874.
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