塔里木盆地轮南低凸起构造特征及演化
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摘要
轮南低凸起是位于塔里木盆地塔北隆起上的一个多套含油层系共存的巨型复式油气聚集区,油气储量丰富。自形成以来,轮南低凸起经历了多期复杂的构造运动。通过精细的二维地震测线解释,根据地震剖面上的削截、上超等反射特征,在该区共识别出11个重要的不整合面以及轮台、轮南、桑塔木等6条主要的断裂。这些断裂早期主要为逆冲断裂,主要活动时期为晚海西—印支期,强烈活动期为二叠纪,该认识有别于前人认为的断裂发育期为晚加里东—早海西期。之后的构造反转作用发生在古近纪末期,与前人研究结果相一致。通过构造演化剖面确定该区主要经历了五大演化阶段。在这些阶段中,晚海西—印支期发生的强烈挤压、抬升、剥蚀作用对研究区面貌影响最大,喜马拉雅期受印度板块向欧亚板块的快速楔入影响,研究区地层发生翘倾,由原来的南低北高转变为现今南高北低的形态,研究区面貌最终定型。
Lunnan low uplift,located in Tabei uplift of the Tarim Basin,is a huge complex play fairway with multiple oil-bearing layer series and large hydrocarbon reserves.Lunnan low uplift has undergone multi-stage complex tectonic movement since its formation.According to the fine interpretation of two-dimensional seismic lines and the reflectance signature of the truncation and onlap on seismic profiles,this paper identifies 11 important unconformities and six major faults including Luntai,Lunnan,Sangtamu,etc.These faults were mainly thrusts at early stage,and they kept active in the Late Hercynian-Indosinian period and their activity peaked during the Permian.This is different from the previous suggestion that the faults were developed in the Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian.Tectonic inversion occurred at the end of Paleogene,and this is consistent with previous studies.Tectonic evolution profiles show that the study area mainly goes through five stages of tectonic evolution.Among these 5 stages,the Late Hercynian-Indosinian was a period when intense compression,uplifting and erosion occurred and exerted great effect on the features of the study area.While in the Himalayan period,strata of the study area were tilted and changed from previously "low in the south and high in the north" to nowadays "high in the south and low in the north" due to the rapid wedging of Indian Plate into Eurasian Plate,and the features of the study area were finalized.
Lunnan low uplift,located in Tabei uplift of the Tarim Basin,is a huge complex play fairway with multiple oil-bearing layer series and large hydrocarbon reserves.Lunnan low uplift has undergone multi-stage complex tectonic movement since its formation.According to the fine interpretation of two-dimensional seismic lines and the reflectance signature of the truncation and onlap on seismic profiles,this paper identifies 11 important unconformities and six major faults including Luntai,Lunnan,Sangtamu,etc.These faults were mainly thrusts at early stage,and they kept active in the Late Hercynian-Indosinian period and their activity peaked during the Permian.This is different from the previous suggestion that the faults were developed in the Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian.Tectonic inversion occurred at the end of Paleogene,and this is consistent with previous studies.Tectonic evolution profiles show that the study area mainly goes through five stages of tectonic evolution.Among these 5 stages,the Late Hercynian-Indosinian was a period when intense compression,uplifting and erosion occurred and exerted great effect on the features of the study area.While in the Himalayan period,strata of the study area were tilted and changed from previously "low in the south and high in the north" to nowadays "high in the south and low in the north" due to the rapid wedging of Indian Plate into Eurasian Plate,and the features of the study area were finalized.
引文
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[11]王燮培,严俊君.塔里木盆地北部断裂格架分析[J].地球科学,1995,20(3):237-242.Wang Xiepei,Yan Junjun.Structural framework of major faultsin northern Tarim basin,Xinjiang[J].Earth Science,1995,20(3):237-242.
[12]汤良杰.略论塔里木盆地主要构造运动[J].石油实验地质,1997,19(2):108-114.Tang Liangjie.An approach to major tectogenesis of Tarim ba-sin[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,1997,19(2):108-114.
[13]王敏芳,黄传炎,徐志诚.浅述地层剥蚀量恢复的基本原理与方法[J].海洋石油,2006,26(1):28-33.Wang Minfang,Huang Chuanyan,Xu Zhicheng,et al.Basicprinciples and methods of denuded strata comeback[J].Off-shore Oil,2006,26(1):28-33.
[14]袁玉松,郑和荣,涂伟.沉积盆地剥蚀量恢复方法[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(6):636-642.Yuan Yusong,Zheng Herong,Tu Wei.Methods of erodedstrata thickness restoration in sedimentary basins[J].Experi-mental Petroleum Geology,2008,30(6):636-642.
[15]李坤,赵锡奎,沈忠民,等.“趋势厚度法”在塔里木盆地阿克库勒凸起地层剥蚀量恢复中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(5):415-419.Li Kun,Zhao Xikui,Shen Zhongmin,et al.Application oftrend thickness method in denudation recovery in the Akekulelobe of Tarim basin[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Explo-ration,2007,29(5):415-419.
[16]牟中海,唐勇,崔炳富,等.塔西南地区地层剥蚀厚度恢复研究[J].石油学报,2002,23(1):40-44.Mu Zhonghai,Tang Yong,Cui Bingfu,et al.Erosion thick-ness restoration in southwest Tarim basin[J].Acta PetroleiSinica,2002,23(1):40-44.
[17]王毅,金之钧.沉积盆地中恢复地层剥蚀量的新方法[J].地球科学进展,1999,14(5):482-486.Wang Yi,Jin Zhijun.Progress of the methods on the recoveryof the thickness of eroded strata in basin[J].Advance in EarthSciences,1999,14(5):482-486.
[18]Dow W G.Kerogan studies and geological interpretations[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1977,7:79-99.
[19]刘景彦,林畅松,喻岳钰,等.用声波测井资料计算剥蚀量的方法改进[J].石油实验地质,2000,22(4):302-306.Liu Jingyan,Lin Changsong,Yu Yueyu,et al.An improvedmethod to calculate denuded amount by sonic well logs[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,2000,22(4):302-306.
[20]张一伟,李京昌,金之钧,等.原型盆地剥蚀量计算的新方法—波动分析法[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,21(7):88-91.Zhang Yiwei,Li Jingchang,Jin Zhijun,et al.A new calculat-ing method of denuded amount for prototype basin—wave analy-sis[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2000,21(7):88-91.
[21]戴福贵,杨克绳,刘东燕.塔里木盆地地震剖面地质解释及其构造演化[J].中国地质,2009,36(4):747-760.Dai Fugui,Yang Kesheng,Liu Dongyan.Geological interpreta-tion of the seismic profile in Tarim basin and tectonic evolutionof this area[J].Geology in China,2009,36(4):747-760.
[22]任朝波,漆立新,丁文龙,等.平衡剖面技术在塔里木盆地阿克库勒凸起构造演化分析中的应用[J].新疆石油天然气,2008,4(2):5-9.Ren Chaobo,Qi Lixin,Ding Wenlong,et al.The practical ap-plication of(balanced section)technique in analysis of technicevolution in Akekule uplift,Tarim[J].Xinjiang Oil&Gas(Edition of Natural Science),2008,4(2):5-9.
[23]黄汲清,姜春发,王作勋.新疆及邻区板块开合构造及手风琴式运动[J].新疆地质科学,1990,(1):3-14.Huang Jiqing,Jiang Chunfa,Wang Zuoxun.Opening andclosing structure of plate and the accordion-style movement inXinjiang and its adjacent area[J].Xinjiang Geological Sci-ences,1990,(1):3-14.
[24]张鹏德,黄太柱,丁勇.塔里木盆地沙雅隆起北部主要负反转断裂及其控油作用[J].河南石油,1999,6:7-13.Zhang Pengde,Huang Taizhu,Ding Yong.Major negative re-verse fractures and their control over petroleum in the north ofShaya uplift,Tarim basin[J].Henan Petroleum,1999,6:7-13.
[25]魏国齐,贾承造,施央申,等.塔北隆起北部中新生界张扭性断裂系统特征[J].石油学报,2001,22(1):20-24.Wei Guoqi,Jia Chengzao,Shi Yangshen,et al.Tectoniccharacteristics and petroleum accumulation in extensional-shearfault systemin Mesozoic-Cenozoic formations in the northern ar-ea of Tabei uplift,Tarim[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(1):20-24.
[2]韩剑发,王招明,潘文庆,等.轮南古隆起控油理论及其潜山准层状油气藏勘探[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):448-453.Han Jianfa,Wang Zhaoming,Pan Wenqing,et al.Petroleumcontrolling theory of Lunnan Paleohigh and its buried hill poolexploration technology,Tarim basin[J].Petroleum Explorationand Development,2006,33(4):448-453.
[3]Kang Yuzhu,Kang Zhizhong.Tectonic evolution and oil andgas of Tarim basin[J].Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sci-ences,1996,13(3-5):317-325.
[4]李素梅,王铁冠,张水昌.塔北轮南地区油气成因与成藏探讨[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,19(4):13-19.Li Sumei,Wang Tieguan,Zhang Shuichang.Formation andaccumulation of oil and gas in Lunnan area,Tarim basin[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2004,19(4):13-19.
[5]何登发,贾承造,柳少波,等.塔里木盆地轮南低凸起油气多期成藏动力学[J].科学通报,2002,47(增刊):122-130.He Dengfa,Jia Chengzao,Liu Shaobo,et al.Multiphase oiland gas dynamics of accumulation of the Lunnan lower uplift inTarim basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2002,47(supple-ment):122-130.
[6]杨海军,韩剑发.塔里木盆地轮南复式油气聚集区成藏特点与主控因素[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2007,37(增刊):53-62.Yang Haijun,Han Jianfa.Accumulation characteristics andcontrolling factors in oil and gas accumulation zone of the Lun-nan lower uplift in Tarim basin[J].Science in China(SeriesD:Earth Sciences),2007,37(supplement):53-62.
[7]徐杰,李涛,陈国光,等.塔里木盆地轮南潜山构造特征[J].石油学报,2002,23(5):14-18.Xu Jie,Li Tao,Chen Guoguang,et al.Structural features ofthe buried hill in Lunnan area of Tarim basin[J].Acta Petro-lei Sinica,2002,23(5):14-18.
[8]崔泽宏,王志欣,汤良杰.塔北隆起北部叠加断裂构造特征与成因背景分析[J].中国地质,2005,32(3):378-385.Cui Zehong,Wang Zhixin,Tang Liangjie.Characteristics ofoverlapped faults in the north of the Tabei uplift and analysis oftheir genetic setting[J].Geology in China,2005,32(3):378-385.
[9]汤良杰,金之钧,张一伟,等.塔里木盆地北部隆起负反转构造及其地质意义[J].现代地质,1999,13(1):93-98.Tang Liangjie,Jin Zhijun,Zhang Yiwei,et al.Negative inver-sion structures and geological significance of northern uplift,the Tarim basin,northwestern China[J].Geoscience,1999,13(1):93-98.
[10]安海亭,李海银,王建忠,等.塔北地区构造和演化特征及其对油气成藏的控制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(1):142-147.An Haiting,Li Haiyin,Wang Jianzhong,et al.Tectonic evo-lution and its controlling on oil and gas accumulation in thenorthern,Tarim basin[J].Geotectonica Et Metallogenia,2009,33(1):142-147.
[11]王燮培,严俊君.塔里木盆地北部断裂格架分析[J].地球科学,1995,20(3):237-242.Wang Xiepei,Yan Junjun.Structural framework of major faultsin northern Tarim basin,Xinjiang[J].Earth Science,1995,20(3):237-242.
[12]汤良杰.略论塔里木盆地主要构造运动[J].石油实验地质,1997,19(2):108-114.Tang Liangjie.An approach to major tectogenesis of Tarim ba-sin[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,1997,19(2):108-114.
[13]王敏芳,黄传炎,徐志诚.浅述地层剥蚀量恢复的基本原理与方法[J].海洋石油,2006,26(1):28-33.Wang Minfang,Huang Chuanyan,Xu Zhicheng,et al.Basicprinciples and methods of denuded strata comeback[J].Off-shore Oil,2006,26(1):28-33.
[14]袁玉松,郑和荣,涂伟.沉积盆地剥蚀量恢复方法[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(6):636-642.Yuan Yusong,Zheng Herong,Tu Wei.Methods of erodedstrata thickness restoration in sedimentary basins[J].Experi-mental Petroleum Geology,2008,30(6):636-642.
[15]李坤,赵锡奎,沈忠民,等.“趋势厚度法”在塔里木盆地阿克库勒凸起地层剥蚀量恢复中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(5):415-419.Li Kun,Zhao Xikui,Shen Zhongmin,et al.Application oftrend thickness method in denudation recovery in the Akekulelobe of Tarim basin[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Explo-ration,2007,29(5):415-419.
[16]牟中海,唐勇,崔炳富,等.塔西南地区地层剥蚀厚度恢复研究[J].石油学报,2002,23(1):40-44.Mu Zhonghai,Tang Yong,Cui Bingfu,et al.Erosion thick-ness restoration in southwest Tarim basin[J].Acta PetroleiSinica,2002,23(1):40-44.
[17]王毅,金之钧.沉积盆地中恢复地层剥蚀量的新方法[J].地球科学进展,1999,14(5):482-486.Wang Yi,Jin Zhijun.Progress of the methods on the recoveryof the thickness of eroded strata in basin[J].Advance in EarthSciences,1999,14(5):482-486.
[18]Dow W G.Kerogan studies and geological interpretations[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1977,7:79-99.
[19]刘景彦,林畅松,喻岳钰,等.用声波测井资料计算剥蚀量的方法改进[J].石油实验地质,2000,22(4):302-306.Liu Jingyan,Lin Changsong,Yu Yueyu,et al.An improvedmethod to calculate denuded amount by sonic well logs[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,2000,22(4):302-306.
[20]张一伟,李京昌,金之钧,等.原型盆地剥蚀量计算的新方法—波动分析法[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,21(7):88-91.Zhang Yiwei,Li Jingchang,Jin Zhijun,et al.A new calculat-ing method of denuded amount for prototype basin—wave analy-sis[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2000,21(7):88-91.
[21]戴福贵,杨克绳,刘东燕.塔里木盆地地震剖面地质解释及其构造演化[J].中国地质,2009,36(4):747-760.Dai Fugui,Yang Kesheng,Liu Dongyan.Geological interpreta-tion of the seismic profile in Tarim basin and tectonic evolutionof this area[J].Geology in China,2009,36(4):747-760.
[22]任朝波,漆立新,丁文龙,等.平衡剖面技术在塔里木盆地阿克库勒凸起构造演化分析中的应用[J].新疆石油天然气,2008,4(2):5-9.Ren Chaobo,Qi Lixin,Ding Wenlong,et al.The practical ap-plication of(balanced section)technique in analysis of technicevolution in Akekule uplift,Tarim[J].Xinjiang Oil&Gas(Edition of Natural Science),2008,4(2):5-9.
[23]黄汲清,姜春发,王作勋.新疆及邻区板块开合构造及手风琴式运动[J].新疆地质科学,1990,(1):3-14.Huang Jiqing,Jiang Chunfa,Wang Zuoxun.Opening andclosing structure of plate and the accordion-style movement inXinjiang and its adjacent area[J].Xinjiang Geological Sci-ences,1990,(1):3-14.
[24]张鹏德,黄太柱,丁勇.塔里木盆地沙雅隆起北部主要负反转断裂及其控油作用[J].河南石油,1999,6:7-13.Zhang Pengde,Huang Taizhu,Ding Yong.Major negative re-verse fractures and their control over petroleum in the north ofShaya uplift,Tarim basin[J].Henan Petroleum,1999,6:7-13.
[25]魏国齐,贾承造,施央申,等.塔北隆起北部中新生界张扭性断裂系统特征[J].石油学报,2001,22(1):20-24.Wei Guoqi,Jia Chengzao,Shi Yangshen,et al.Tectoniccharacteristics and petroleum accumulation in extensional-shearfault systemin Mesozoic-Cenozoic formations in the northern ar-ea of Tabei uplift,Tarim[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(1):20-24.
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