钻柱振动信号特征及多次波成像
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摘要
钻柱是连接地面和井底钻头及地层的通道,伴随着钻头旋转破岩产生的钻柱振动包含丰富的信息,通过分析在钻柱顶端采集的钻头振动信号能够获得钻头、钻具的工作状态以及所钻地层甚至钻头前方地层的岩性、地层压力等信息,进行井下诊断和钻前预测.钻柱是由具有不同横截面积的单元组成,截面变化引起的波阻抗差异使钻头振动信号沿钻柱传播时发生多次反射,形成钻柱多次波.利用单边反褶积自相关等方法对井场采集的钻柱振动信号进行了处理,得到了振动信号的特征、反射界面多次波成像和振动信号沿钻柱的传播速度以及钻柱的实际转速等,并与理论结果吻合较好,为钻柱振动录井和随钻地震技术研究打下了基础.
Drill string is the medium connecting the formation and ground.Its vibration stimulated by the rotary bit contains a lot of useful information.It is possible to get the drill tools' working condition and information of the formation that is drilled and will be drilled by analyzing the drill-bit vibration propagating in the drill string.Because different units of drill string have different cross section areas,the drill-bit vibration signal is reflected on the interface of changing cross section areas.By processing the drill string vibration signal with one-side deconvolved autocorrelation method,drill string image and drill string wave velocity are obtained.They match with the theoretical result very well.This provides a valid basis for the future drill string vibration logging and seismic while drilling (SWD) technology.
Drill string is the medium connecting the formation and ground.Its vibration stimulated by the rotary bit contains a lot of useful information.It is possible to get the drill tools' working condition and information of the formation that is drilled and will be drilled by analyzing the drill-bit vibration propagating in the drill string.Because different units of drill string have different cross section areas,the drill-bit vibration signal is reflected on the interface of changing cross section areas.By processing the drill string vibration signal with one-side deconvolved autocorrelation method,drill string image and drill string wave velocity are obtained.They match with the theoretical result very well.This provides a valid basis for the future drill string vibration logging and seismic while drilling (SWD) technology.
引文
[1] 李子丰,张永贵,侯绪田,刘卫东,徐国强.钻柱纵向和扭转振动分析[J].工程力学,2004,21(6) :203～209． Li Z F,Zhang Y G,Hou X T,L W D,Xu G Q.Analysis of longitudinal and torsion vibration of drill string [J].Engineering Mechanics,2004,21(6) : 203～209．
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[3] Lutz J,Raynaud M,Gstalder S,et al.Instantaneous logging based on a dynamic theory of drilling[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1972,3604～3614．
[4] Myers G,Goldberg D,Rector,J.Drill string vibration: a proxy for identifying lithologic boundaries while drilling[J].Proc.ODP,Sci.Results,2002,179:1～17．
[5] 高岩.三牙轮钻头钻进时钻柱轴向振动的特征[J].石油学报,2000． 21(6) .93～96． Gao Y.The property of drill string longitudinal vibration of working tri-cone bit [J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(6) :93～96．
[6] 高岩,陈西亚,郭学增.钻具振动信号采集系统及谱分析[J].录井技术,1998,9(3) :44～51． Gao Y,Chen X Y,Guo X Z.The acquisition system for drill string vibration signals and the spectrum analysis [J].Mud Logging Engineering,1998,9(3) :44～51．
[7] Flavio P,Francesco M.Seismic while drilling fundamentals of drill-bit seismic for exploration[M].Handbook of Geophysical exploration,2004,35．
[8] Rector J W,et al.The use of drill-bit energy as a downhole seismic source [J].Geophysics,1991,56(5) : 628～634．
[9] Rector J W,Bob A.Hardage.Radiation pattern and seismic waves generated by a working roller-cone drill bit [J].Geophysics,1992,57(10) :1319～1333．
[10] 罗斌。随钻地震技术研究及应用效果[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005． Luo B.Seismic while drilling(SWD)technique research and its application effect [D].Beijing: China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2005．
[11] 杨微,葛洪魁,宁靖,林建民.流动地震仪检测钻头振动信号的现场试验[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :622～628． Yang W,Ge H K,Ning J,Lin J M.Field test of the drill-bit vibration signal detection using portable seismometers [J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(2) :622～628．
[12] 苟量,杨举勇,罗斌,王宝彬,赵波,严又生.随钻VSP技术研究及初步应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2) :183～189． GouL,Yang J Y,Luo B,Wang B B,Zhao B,Yan Y S.Studying SWD VSP technique and results of its preliminary application [J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(2) :183～189．
[13] 葛洪魁,林建民,王宝善,宋丽莉,罗桂纯,陈颙.编码震源提高地震探测能力的野外实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(03) :864～870． Ge H K,Lin J M,Wang B S,Song L L,Luo G C,Chen Y. A field experiment study of improving the seismic detectability with coded source [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(03) : 864～870．
[14] 陆斌,葛洪魁,吴何珍,杨微,崔士波,王鹏.利用相关域小波变换进行SWD资料预处理[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(09) :234:9～2356． Lu B,Ge H K,Wu H Z,Yang W,Cui S B,Wang P.SWD data preprocessing using wavelet transform of correlation domain [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(09) : 2349～2356．
[15] Flavio P,et al.Numerical modeling and interpretation of drill string waves [J].Geophysics,2001,66(5) : 1569～1581．
[16] Hyun Y L.Drillstring axial vibration and wave propagation in borehole [D].Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1991．
[17] Drumheller D S.Acoustic properties of drill strings [J].J.Acounst.Soc.Am.,1989,85(6) :1048～1064．
[18] Drumheller D S,Knudsen S D.The propagation of sound waves in drill strings [J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1995,97(4) : 2116～2125．
[19] Kolsky H.Stress wave in solid: Oxford University Press,1953．
[2] 宿雪,葛洪魁,杨微,崔士波.钻柱振动录井的研究现状及发展趋势.石油钻探技术,2009,37(5) :15～19． Su X,Ge H K,Yang W,Cui S B.Development of Drill String Vibration Logging[J].Petroleum Drilling Teachniques,2009,37(5) :15～19
[3] Lutz J,Raynaud M,Gstalder S,et al.Instantaneous logging based on a dynamic theory of drilling[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1972,3604～3614．
[4] Myers G,Goldberg D,Rector,J.Drill string vibration: a proxy for identifying lithologic boundaries while drilling[J].Proc.ODP,Sci.Results,2002,179:1～17．
[5] 高岩.三牙轮钻头钻进时钻柱轴向振动的特征[J].石油学报,2000． 21(6) .93～96． Gao Y.The property of drill string longitudinal vibration of working tri-cone bit [J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(6) :93～96．
[6] 高岩,陈西亚,郭学增.钻具振动信号采集系统及谱分析[J].录井技术,1998,9(3) :44～51． Gao Y,Chen X Y,Guo X Z.The acquisition system for drill string vibration signals and the spectrum analysis [J].Mud Logging Engineering,1998,9(3) :44～51．
[7] Flavio P,Francesco M.Seismic while drilling fundamentals of drill-bit seismic for exploration[M].Handbook of Geophysical exploration,2004,35．
[8] Rector J W,et al.The use of drill-bit energy as a downhole seismic source [J].Geophysics,1991,56(5) : 628～634．
[9] Rector J W,Bob A.Hardage.Radiation pattern and seismic waves generated by a working roller-cone drill bit [J].Geophysics,1992,57(10) :1319～1333．
[10] 罗斌。随钻地震技术研究及应用效果[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2005． Luo B.Seismic while drilling(SWD)technique research and its application effect [D].Beijing: China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2005．
[11] 杨微,葛洪魁,宁靖,林建民.流动地震仪检测钻头振动信号的现场试验[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2) :622～628． Yang W,Ge H K,Ning J,Lin J M.Field test of the drill-bit vibration signal detection using portable seismometers [J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(2) :622～628．
[12] 苟量,杨举勇,罗斌,王宝彬,赵波,严又生.随钻VSP技术研究及初步应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2) :183～189． GouL,Yang J Y,Luo B,Wang B B,Zhao B,Yan Y S.Studying SWD VSP technique and results of its preliminary application [J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(2) :183～189．
[13] 葛洪魁,林建民,王宝善,宋丽莉,罗桂纯,陈颙.编码震源提高地震探测能力的野外实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(03) :864～870． Ge H K,Lin J M,Wang B S,Song L L,Luo G C,Chen Y. A field experiment study of improving the seismic detectability with coded source [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(03) : 864～870．
[14] 陆斌,葛洪魁,吴何珍,杨微,崔士波,王鹏.利用相关域小波变换进行SWD资料预处理[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(09) :234:9～2356． Lu B,Ge H K,Wu H Z,Yang W,Cui S B,Wang P.SWD data preprocessing using wavelet transform of correlation domain [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(09) : 2349～2356．
[15] Flavio P,et al.Numerical modeling and interpretation of drill string waves [J].Geophysics,2001,66(5) : 1569～1581．
[16] Hyun Y L.Drillstring axial vibration and wave propagation in borehole [D].Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1991．
[17] Drumheller D S.Acoustic properties of drill strings [J].J.Acounst.Soc.Am.,1989,85(6) :1048～1064．
[18] Drumheller D S,Knudsen S D.The propagation of sound waves in drill strings [J].J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1995,97(4) : 2116～2125．
[19] Kolsky H.Stress wave in solid: Oxford University Press,1953．
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