摩擦滑动起始的动力学特征
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摘要
摩擦界面的失效方式对于我们从根本上认识工程学至地震学领域中的失效过程非常关键。摩擦运动起始于将两个剪切体分离的薄界面内传播的破裂前沿。通过测定沿界面的剪切应力和法向应力,结合随后的实际接触面积动态学特性,我们发现剪切应力与法向应力之比在局部可远远超过没有发生突然滑动的静摩擦系数。而且,系统所选的不同破裂模式与局部应力比的不同控制程度相对应。这些结果表明非均匀性在摩擦稳定性及动力学特性方面起着至关重要的作用,这对不同地震模式的预测、选择和确定有着启示意义。
引文
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[20]Linde A T,Gladwin MT,Johnston MJ S,et al.Aslowearthquake sequence onthe San Andreas fault.Nature,1996,383:65-68,doi:10.1038/383065a0
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[26]Baumberger T,Caroli C.Solid friction fromstick-slip down to pinning and aging.Advances in Physics,2006,55(3-4):279-348,doi:10.1080/00018730600732186
[27]Freund L B.Dynamic Fracture Mechanics.Cambridge Univ.Press,Cambridge,1990
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[29]Shi Z Q,Ben-Zion Y,Needleman A.Properties of dynamic rupture and energy partitionin a solid with a frictional interface.J.Mech.Phys.Solids,2008,56(1):5-24
[2]Das S.Spontaneous complex earthquake rupture propagation.Pure Appl.Geophys.2003,160(3-4):579-602
[3]Scholz C H.The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting.Cambridge Univ.Press,Cambridge,ed.2,2002
[4]Ben-Zion Y.Collective behavior of earthquakes and faults:Continuum-discrete transitions,progressiveevolutionary changes,and different dynamic regi mes.Rev.Geophys.,2008,46:RG4006,70PP,doi:10.1029/2008RG000260
[5]Rubinstein S M,Cohen G,Fineberg J.Detachment fronts and the onset of dynamic friction.Nature,2004,430(7003):1005-1009
[6]Rubinstein S M,Cohen G,Fineberg J.Dynamics of precursors tofrictional sliding.Physical Review Let-ters,2007,98(22):226103,4pp
[7]Ohnaka M,Shen L F.Scaling of the shear rupture process fromnucleation to dynamic propagation:I m-plications of geometric irregularity of the rupturing surfaces.J.Geophys.Res.Solid Earth,1999,104(B1):817-844
[8]Nielsen S,Taddeucci J,Vinciguerra S.Experi mental observation of stick-slip instability fronts.Geo-phys.J.Int.,2010,180(2):697-702
[9]Okubo P G,Dieterich J H.Effects of physical fault properties onfrictional instabilities produced on si m-ulated faults.J.Geophys.Res.Solid Earth,1984,89(B7):5817-5827
[10]Johnson T L,Scholz C H.Dynamic properties of stick-slip friction of rock.J.Geophys.Res.,1976,81(5):881-888
[11]Ben-David O,Rubinstein S M,Fineberg J.Slip-stick and the evolution of frictional strength.Nature,2010,463(7277):76-79
[12]Xia K W,Rosakis AJ,Kanamori H.Laboratory earthquakes:The sub-rayleigh-to-supershear rupture transition.Science,2004,303(5665):1859-1861
[13]Das S,Aki K.A numerical study of2-di mensional spontaneous rupture propagation.Geophys.J.R.Astron.Soc.,1977,50(3):643-668
[14]Burridge R.Admissable speeds for plane-strain self-si milar shear cracks with friction but lacking cohe-sion.Geophys.J.R.Astron.Soc.,1973,35(4):439-455
[15]Madariaga R,Olsen K B.Criticality of rupture dynamics in3D.Pure Appl.Geophys.,2000,157(11-12):1981-2001,doi:10.1007/PL00001071
[16]Andrews D J.Rupture velocity of plane strain shear cracks.J.Geophys.Res.Solid Earth,1976,81(32):5679-5687,doi:10.1029/JB081i032p05679
[17]Braun O M,Barel I,Urbakh M.Dynamics of transition fromstatic to kinetic friction.Physical Review Letters,2009,103(19):194301,4pp
[18]Liu Y J,Rice J R.Aseismic slip transients emerge spontaneously in three-di mensional rate and state modeling of subduction earthquake sequences.J.Geophys.Res.Solid Earth,2005,110:B08307,14pp,doi:10.1029/2004JB003424
[19]Ito Y,Obara K,Shiomi K,et al.Slow earthquakes coincident with episodic tremors and slow slip e-vents.Science,2007,315(5811):503-506
[20]Linde A T,Gladwin MT,Johnston MJ S,et al.Aslowearthquake sequence onthe San Andreas fault.Nature,1996,383:65-68,doi:10.1038/383065a0
[21]Rogers G,Dragert H.Episodic tremor and slip on the Cascadia subduction zone:The chatter of silent slip.Science,2003,300(5627):1942-1943
[22]Archuleta RJ.Afaulting model for the1979I mperial Valley earthquake.J.Geophys.Res.Solid Earth,1984,89(B6):4559-4586,doi:10.1029/JB089iB06p04559
[23]Bouchon M,Valle M.Observation of long supershear rupture during the magnitude8.1Kunlunshan earthquake.Science,2003,301(5634):824-826
[24]Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online.
[25]Rubinstein S M,Cohen G,Fineberg J.Contact area measurements reveal loading-history dependence of static friction.Physical Review Letters,2006,96(25):256103,4pp
[26]Baumberger T,Caroli C.Solid friction fromstick-slip down to pinning and aging.Advances in Physics,2006,55(3-4):279-348,doi:10.1080/00018730600732186
[27]Freund L B.Dynamic Fracture Mechanics.Cambridge Univ.Press,Cambridge,1990
[28]Dunham E M.Conditions governing the occurrence of supershear ruptures under slip-weakening friction.J.Geophys.Res.Solid Earth,2007,112,B07302,24pp,doi:10.1029/2006JB004717
[29]Shi Z Q,Ben-Zion Y,Needleman A.Properties of dynamic rupture and energy partitionin a solid with a frictional interface.J.Mech.Phys.Solids,2008,56(1):5-24
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