茂县宗渠堰塞湖漫顶溃决洪水演进规律模型试验研究
|
摘要
5.12汶川大地震诱发了大量堰塞湖,这些堰塞湖一旦溃决,溃决洪水将对下游居民的生命财产造成很大的威胁,因此研究堰塞湖溃决洪水沿程水位变化规律对决策部门发布洪水预警,组织撤离与逃生,实施紧急救援等具有十分重要的意义。该文选取四川省茂县宗渠堰塞湖为原型进行野外模型试验,通过在堰塞湖库区及其下游建立一套高清晰DV摄影为主,辅以下游水位定点标记的模型试验方法,研究了堰塞湖库区水位变化过程,通过对时间差分推导出堰塞湖水量平衡方程,进一步得到溃口流量随时间变化规律;研究了下游水位变化过程揭示出堰塞湖漫顶溃决洪水的演进规律。溃口发展过程在纵向上主要以陡坎前进的方式推进,而横向上主要由土体坍滑失稳引起。此结果也可为今后堰塞湖的应急排险,溃决洪水的深入研究等具有参考价值。
Large numbers of landslide lake are induced by the 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake.The outburst flood will be great threat to the lives and poverty downstream if these dammed lakes breach.Research for the variable rule of outburst flood has great significance in dealing with releasing the warning and organizing the evacuation to decision-making departments.We do some model experiments to select the Zongqu dammed lake of Maoxian county as prototype model.We studied the variable rule of water level and revealed the variable rule of outburst flood by using high-definition photography cooperated with positioning a group of watermarks on reservoir area and downstream of landslide lake.We obtained the rule that the burst flow changes with time through uilibrium equation.During these processes,the breach in the longitudinal way develops in the means of heatcut erosion,while in the cross way through soil mass collapse.This result can be used as guidance for emergency risk-elimination of the dammed lake and the study of outburst flood.
Large numbers of landslide lake are induced by the 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake.The outburst flood will be great threat to the lives and poverty downstream if these dammed lakes breach.Research for the variable rule of outburst flood has great significance in dealing with releasing the warning and organizing the evacuation to decision-making departments.We do some model experiments to select the Zongqu dammed lake of Maoxian county as prototype model.We studied the variable rule of water level and revealed the variable rule of outburst flood by using high-definition photography cooperated with positioning a group of watermarks on reservoir area and downstream of landslide lake.We obtained the rule that the burst flow changes with time through uilibrium equation.During these processes,the breach in the longitudinal way develops in the means of heatcut erosion,while in the cross way through soil mass collapse.This result can be used as guidance for emergency risk-elimination of the dammed lake and the study of outburst flood.
引文
[1]牛志攀,许唯临,张建,等.堰塞湖冲刷及溃决试验研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(3):90-95.
[2]陈晓清,崔鹏,程尊兰,等.5.12汶川地震堰塞湖危险性应急评估[J].地学前缘,2008,15(4):244-249.
[3]匡尚富,汪小刚,黄金池,等.堰塞湖溃坝风险及其影响分析评估[J].中国水利特别关注,2008(16):17-21.
[4]四川省地震局.1933年叠溪地震[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1983.
[5]Cheng Genwei,Wang Xiaodan,He Xiubin,et al.Out-burst risk of barrier lakes in Sichuan,China[J].Journalof Mountains Science,2008(5):189-193.
[6]程根伟,范继辉,程尊兰.四川5.12地震灾区滑坡堰塞坝溃决灾害风险评估[J].西南民族大学学报:自然科学版,2008,34(6):1086-1090.
[7]Soares-Feaz A O S,Grelle N L E,Spinewine S,et al.Dam-break induced morphological changes in a channelwith uniform sediments:measurements by a laser-sheetimaging technique[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,2007,45(Extra Issue):87-95.
[8]Broich K.Computergestützte analyse des dammerosions-bruchs(computational analysis of the breaching ofdams)[D].Germany Munich:Munich University,1997.
[9]Brooks G R,Lawrence D E.The drainage of the lakeHa!Ha!Reservoir and downstream geomorphic im-pacts along Ha!Ha!River,Saguenay Area,Quebec,Canada[J].Geomorphology,1999,28(1/2):141-168.
[10]Spinewine B,Zech Y.Small-scale laboratory dam-breakwaves on movable beds[J].Journal of HydraulicResearch,2007,45(Extra Issue):73-86.
[11]Morris M W,Hassan M A A M,Vaskinn K A.Breach formation:Field test and laboratory experi-ments[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,2007,45(Extra Issue):9-17.
[12]Costa J E,Schuster R L.The formation and failure ofnatural dams[J].Geological Society of America Bulle-tin,1988,100:1054-1068.
[13]Xu Qiang,Fan Xuan-mei,Huang Run-qiu,et al.Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earth-quake,Sichuan Province,southwest China[J].BullEng.Geol.Environ.,2009,68:373-386.
[14]孙文初,刘霞,李伦.溃坝洪水流量计算方法浅析[J].广东水利水电,1999(3):3-6.
[15]游勇,程尊兰.西藏波密米堆沟泥石流堵河模型试验[J].山地学报,2004,23(3):288-293.
[16]吴持恭.水力学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,1982.
[17]晏鄂川,郑万模,唐辉明,等.滑坡堵江坝溃决洪水及其演进的理论分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2001(6):15-22.
[2]陈晓清,崔鹏,程尊兰,等.5.12汶川地震堰塞湖危险性应急评估[J].地学前缘,2008,15(4):244-249.
[3]匡尚富,汪小刚,黄金池,等.堰塞湖溃坝风险及其影响分析评估[J].中国水利特别关注,2008(16):17-21.
[4]四川省地震局.1933年叠溪地震[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1983.
[5]Cheng Genwei,Wang Xiaodan,He Xiubin,et al.Out-burst risk of barrier lakes in Sichuan,China[J].Journalof Mountains Science,2008(5):189-193.
[6]程根伟,范继辉,程尊兰.四川5.12地震灾区滑坡堰塞坝溃决灾害风险评估[J].西南民族大学学报:自然科学版,2008,34(6):1086-1090.
[7]Soares-Feaz A O S,Grelle N L E,Spinewine S,et al.Dam-break induced morphological changes in a channelwith uniform sediments:measurements by a laser-sheetimaging technique[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,2007,45(Extra Issue):87-95.
[8]Broich K.Computergestützte analyse des dammerosions-bruchs(computational analysis of the breaching ofdams)[D].Germany Munich:Munich University,1997.
[9]Brooks G R,Lawrence D E.The drainage of the lakeHa!Ha!Reservoir and downstream geomorphic im-pacts along Ha!Ha!River,Saguenay Area,Quebec,Canada[J].Geomorphology,1999,28(1/2):141-168.
[10]Spinewine B,Zech Y.Small-scale laboratory dam-breakwaves on movable beds[J].Journal of HydraulicResearch,2007,45(Extra Issue):73-86.
[11]Morris M W,Hassan M A A M,Vaskinn K A.Breach formation:Field test and laboratory experi-ments[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,2007,45(Extra Issue):9-17.
[12]Costa J E,Schuster R L.The formation and failure ofnatural dams[J].Geological Society of America Bulle-tin,1988,100:1054-1068.
[13]Xu Qiang,Fan Xuan-mei,Huang Run-qiu,et al.Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earth-quake,Sichuan Province,southwest China[J].BullEng.Geol.Environ.,2009,68:373-386.
[14]孙文初,刘霞,李伦.溃坝洪水流量计算方法浅析[J].广东水利水电,1999(3):3-6.
[15]游勇,程尊兰.西藏波密米堆沟泥石流堵河模型试验[J].山地学报,2004,23(3):288-293.
[16]吴持恭.水力学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,1982.
[17]晏鄂川,郑万模,唐辉明,等.滑坡堵江坝溃决洪水及其演进的理论分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2001(6):15-22.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心