高分辨率单道地震剖面上定标号的计算方法
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摘要
定标号在野外采集时同步打印在模拟剖面上,它是海洋单道地震勘探剖面对比解释时重要的地理位置依据,但是数字单道地震记录仪记录的地震道中缺失此信息.文章介绍了三种计算和标识定标号(Mark)的方法,根据班报线性内插法、模拟剖面读取法以及坐标对比法,分析了各自的优缺点.其中最可靠和实用的是坐标对比法.通过软件开发实现了坐标对比法自动获取Mark-Shot关系,通过这个关系即可对地震数据和剖面进行定标号的标识.软件模块能够处理导航与地震不同步、航向航速不稳定、导航与地震坐标格式多样化等情况,具有较强的适应性.对实测数据计算发现,当导航、地震不同步时,线性内插法获得的mark值误差很大,而坐标对比法能够精确反映Mark-Shot实际的对应关系.当航向、航速稳定时Mark-Shot关系表现为线性关系,而航向、航速不稳定时Mark-Shot关系为弯曲的非线性关系,由于导航系统过零点时会出现重复定标情况,在Mark-Shot关系图中表现为拐点.为了对计算结果进行质量控制,软件同时提供了Mark-Shot计算误差值列表,在误差散点图中显示所有定标号位置误差都小于1个炮距,说明软件计算获得的Mark位置精度较高,结果可靠.
Mark line and its number is plotted on field analog section at a certain distance such as 1km or 500m.it contains important location information for marine high resolution single-channel seismic section interpretation.According to this common location mark,seismic section could be compared with boring data,logging,sub-bottom profiler,seabed video or some other survey data.However,mark line number is not recorded in seismic data by IXSEA DELPH single-channel seismic recorder.Raw seismic data were polluted by all kinds of noise such as multiples,wave noise and vessel mechanical noise,which bring down the signal-to-noise.Raw data need to be processed to get rid of these noises.So it is necessary to compute and import the mark line number in order to plot it on the processed single-channel seismic section.Three methods for acquiring mark number were discussed.The first method is to read first and last mark number from field logs and compute midway mark number by linear interpolation.However,this method is of no use when seismic job is asynchronous with navigation.It may lead to serious error.The second method is to read mark number and shot number from field-plotted section.Its result is reliable,However,it costs too much of labor and time.The last but the best method is to match the longitude and latitude of each mark point with that of each shot point.In this way the nearest shot point for each mark point could be found and we can get some Mark-Shot pairs.A software module was developed to find the nearest shot point for each mark point automatically.According to this shot-mark pairs,mark line and its number could be imported to seismic data and marked on processed single-channel seismic section.The program works well even if seismic job is asynchronous with navigation,course or speed is changed.It can read and compare longitude and latitude value in several different unit such as degree-minute-second,degree-minute,and etc.This module has been applied to several projects in three years.Mark-Shot relation was linear when course and speed of the ship keep unchanged,or it was curved.When two or three mark line numbers be generated on the same location at zero o'clock,an inflexion point appears on the computed Mark-Shot line which showed true abnormal Mark-Shot relations clearly.To quality control the result,the Computing error,difference between mark line location and its nearest shot point location in shot space,was output at the same time.The error values for one case line were listed and plotted.They were all less than 1 shot space,which means the computing method is of high precision and trusty.
Mark line and its number is plotted on field analog section at a certain distance such as 1km or 500m.it contains important location information for marine high resolution single-channel seismic section interpretation.According to this common location mark,seismic section could be compared with boring data,logging,sub-bottom profiler,seabed video or some other survey data.However,mark line number is not recorded in seismic data by IXSEA DELPH single-channel seismic recorder.Raw seismic data were polluted by all kinds of noise such as multiples,wave noise and vessel mechanical noise,which bring down the signal-to-noise.Raw data need to be processed to get rid of these noises.So it is necessary to compute and import the mark line number in order to plot it on the processed single-channel seismic section.Three methods for acquiring mark number were discussed.The first method is to read first and last mark number from field logs and compute midway mark number by linear interpolation.However,this method is of no use when seismic job is asynchronous with navigation.It may lead to serious error.The second method is to read mark number and shot number from field-plotted section.Its result is reliable,However,it costs too much of labor and time.The last but the best method is to match the longitude and latitude of each mark point with that of each shot point.In this way the nearest shot point for each mark point could be found and we can get some Mark-Shot pairs.A software module was developed to find the nearest shot point for each mark point automatically.According to this shot-mark pairs,mark line and its number could be imported to seismic data and marked on processed single-channel seismic section.The program works well even if seismic job is asynchronous with navigation,course or speed is changed.It can read and compare longitude and latitude value in several different unit such as degree-minute-second,degree-minute,and etc.This module has been applied to several projects in three years.Mark-Shot relation was linear when course and speed of the ship keep unchanged,or it was curved.When two or three mark line numbers be generated on the same location at zero o'clock,an inflexion point appears on the computed Mark-Shot line which showed true abnormal Mark-Shot relations clearly.To quality control the result,the Computing error,difference between mark line location and its nearest shot point location in shot space,was output at the same time.The error values for one case line were listed and plotted.They were all less than 1 shot space,which means the computing method is of high precision and trusty.
引文
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[2]李丽青,陈泓君,彭学超.海洋区域地质调查中的高分辨率单道地震资料关键处理技术[J].物探与化探,2011,35(1):86-92.Li L Q,Chen H J,Peng X C.High resolution single-channelseismic data processing technique in Regional Marine GeologySurvey[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,35(1):86-92.
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[5]刘保华,丁继胜,裴彦良.海洋地球物理探测技术及其在近海工程中的应用[J].海洋科学进展,2005,23(3):374-384.Liu B H,Ding J S,Pei Y L.Marine Geophysical Techniquesand their application to Offshore Engineering[J].Advance inMarine Science,2005,23(3):374-384.
[6]陈林,宋海斌.海底天然气渗漏的地球物理特征及识别方法[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1067-1073.Chen L,Song H B.Geophysical features and identification ofNatural gas seepage in Marine Enviroment[J].Progress inGeophysics,2005,20(4):1067-1073.
[7]徐胜峰,李勇根,曹宏.地震岩石物理研究概述[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):680-691.Xu S F,Li Y G,Cao H.A review of seismic rock physics[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(2):680-691.
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[9]王西文,陈志勇,苏明军.柴达木盆地三湖地区天然气地震预测关键技术及应用[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(3):921-935.Wang X W,Chen Z Y,Su M J.Key techniques of predictinggas reservoirs in the San Hu area of the Qaidam basin and theirapplications[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(3):921-935.
[10]陈多福,王茂春,夏斌.青藏高原冻土带天然气水合物的形成条件与分布预测[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):165-172.Chen D F,Wang M C,Xia B.Formation condition anddistribution prediction of gas hydrate in Qinghai Tibet Plateaupermafrost[J].Chinese J Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(1):165-172.
[11]陈祖安,白武明,徐文跃.多组分天然气水合物在海底沉积层中稳定区及存在区的预测[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):870-875.Chen Z A,Bai W M,Xu W Y.Predication of stability zonesand occurrence zones gas hydrate of multiple compositionnatural in seafloor sediments[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2005,48(4):870-875.
[12]阮爱国,李家彪,初凤友.海底天然气水合物层界面反射AVO数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1826-1835.Ruan A G,Li J B,Chu F Y.AVO numerical simulation ofgas hydrates reflectors beneath seafloor[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6):1826-1835.
[13]张毅,何丽娟,徐行.南海北部神狐海域甲烷水合物BHSZ与BSR的比较研究[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(1):183-194.Zhang Y,He L J,Xu X.The disagreement between BSRs andthe base of methane hydrate stability zones in the ShenhuArea north of the South China Sea[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(1):183-194.
[14]于捷,苗广文,冯暄.高分辨瞬时振幅和瞬时相位在薄互煤层识别中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(4):1386-1392.Yu J,Miao G W,Feng X.The application of theinstantaneous amplitude and the instantaneous phase of highresolution in thin interbed of coalfield identification[J].Progress in Geophys.2011,26(4):183-194.
[15]刘磊,刘振,张军华.曲波阈值法地震弱信号识别及去噪方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(4):1415-1422.Liu L,Liu Z,Zhang J H.Denoising and detecting seismicweak signal based on curvelet threshholding method[J].Progress in Geophys.2011,26(4):1415-1422.
[16]李军峰,李文杰,孟庆敏.高分辨率单道海上地震在香港海域沉积结构勘查中的应用[J].物探与化探,2007,31(1):90-94.Li J F,Li W J,Meng Q M.The Application of Highresolution single channel marine Seism to the Exploration ofOffshore Quanternary Superfical Deposits in HongKongWater[J].Geophiscal&Geochemical Exploration,2007,31(1):90-94.
[17]谭慧明,高俊锁,蒋新.浅剖仪探测水域地层应用研究[J].工程地质计算机应用,2010年,57(1):1-4.Tan H M,Gao J S,Jjiang X.Research on Subbottom Profilerand its application to Waterway Engineering[J].Applicationof computer to Engineering Geology,2010,57(1):1-4.
[18]曹双,罗红雨,曾飞.浅地层剖面仪在近海航道工程中的应用[J].海岸工程,2010,29(2),70-75.CAO S,LUO H Y,ZENG F.Application of SubbottomProfiler in Engineering for Waterway in Near-shore Sea[J].Nearshore engineering,2010,29(2):7-75.
[19]石颖,刘洪,邹振.基于波动方程表面多次波预测与自适应相减方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1716-1724.Shi Y,Liu H,Zou Z.Surface-related multiples predictionbased on wave equation and adaptive subtraction investigation[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(7):1716-1724.
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